URBAN ALLOTMENT GARDENS EXPLORING THE EDIBLE OPEN SPACES 1,a
1,b
1
1
1
1
Frederico Meireles Rodrigues , Sandra Costa , Bianca Silva , Lina Fernandes , Maria Inês Sousa , Mariana Silva 1
The implementation of urban allotment gardens (UAG) in Portuguese cities has increased in the past decades. In spite of some research on its benefits and irelevance, there is lack of accessible information that addresses the allocation and provision of such places in cities. Accordingly, it is necessary to
Le Potager du Roi (XVII) Land Ownership
Type of UAG
Objectives and funtions
UAG ref.
Region
Municipality
Br 0001
Braga
Guimarães
Mun.of Guimarães
Mun.of Guimarães
Community
i, ii iv
Br 0002
Braga
Braga
Inst. DST
Inst. DST
Institutional
i, iv, v
Fu 0001
Madeira
Funchal
Li 0002
Lisbon
Cascais
Li 0011
Lisbon
Alcochete
Li 0018
Lisbon
Lisboa
Inst. AVAAL
Inst. AVAAL
Therapeutic
Po 0016
Porto
Maia
Lipor
TecMaia
Po 0027
Porto
Maia
Lipor
Almeirim
Mun. of Almeirim
Sa 0001 Santarém
Mun. of Funchal "Hortas de Cascais"
Methods: A survey and inventory were conducted in order to Objectives: The aim of this work develop a classification system to is to identify and examine UAG in UAG based on the urban context, layout, shape and type of plots, Portugal regarding its spatial distribution, urban context and components, land use, inherent characteristics; and to management and land ownership, evaluate the role of programmes, among others.
Self-sufficient garden (XX)
Urban Context
Aprox. área Urban Landuse (m2) density ●●●
in which some are integrated.
take into account economic, ecological, social and aesthetic principles of good urban design.
Ferme Ornée (XVIII)
Management Institution
Nº of plots
Tools Form of Fence storage plots facitily
Clapham Common (XX)
Home composting
Organic farming
Other components
Selection of candidates
Contract Training Rent
1, 6
30000
.
ortog.
yes
yes
no
yes
a, b, c, d, e
1 year
F
yes
●
1,4,7
3000
15
.
.
.
no
yes
.
1 year
O
no
i, iv, vii
●●
1,2,9
1401
22
Irreg. & ortog.
yes
yes
yes
no
d
3 years
F
no
iv
●●
1,2,8
510(?)
17
ortog.
yes
yes
yes
yes
.
1 year
O
no
●
1,6
1800
18
ortog.
yes
.
yes
yes
.
1 year
F
yes
i, iii
●●
1,2,5
600(?)
5(?)
ortog.
yes
yes
no
yes
a
.
O
no
Institutional
i, iv, v, vi
●●
4,7,10
625
25
ortog.
yes
yes
yes
yes
c
1 year
O
no
Lipor
Subsistence without sale
i , iv, vii
ᴓ
4,5,6,9
8004
74
ortog.
yes
yes
yes
yes
a, c, e, f,g
1 year
O
no
Mun. of Almeirim
Community
i, ii, v
●●
1,2,10
375
15
ortog.
yes
yes
yes
yes
.
1 year
O
no
Mun. of Funchal Mun. of Cascais
Subsistence without sale Subsistence without sale
Fundação S.S Mun. of Alcochete Subsistence with sale iv,vii
Fu0001, UAG in Funchal
UAG in Évora
A statistical profile on 84 UAG allowed the classification into 5 different classes, addressing their main purpose and functions, type of users and context: Subsistence, Community, Institutional, Therapeutic and Pedagogical. UAG are specially concentrated in public land, largely due to its integration in programmes, seeming to be very effective
+351259350832 | afmeireles@utad.pt b sandrac@utad.pt
Quinta de Prados, PoBox 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro Department of Forestry and Landscape Architecture
.
.
Br0001, UAG in Guimarães
Special thanks to:
Fig 1: Timeline of UAG: Major growth of cities, due to the Industrial Revolution, led to improving production capabilities and technological advances and ultimately to strong migrations towards the cities. Thus, the increase in food production within city limits, set up the foundations of urban allotments. In some countries, such as Portugal, this was not at all important until the II World War which menaced cities with starvation, together with the fact that, for the first time, more people were living in the urban environment rather than in the countryside. Image credits: 1 © Eric Lefèvre and Nathalie Normand at www.lejardin-fengshui.com; 2 © Frank A. Waugh 1921 Plan by A. J. Downing at www.biodiversitylibrary.org; 3 © Lebrecht Migge and Adolf Loos 1920 at fantasticjournal.blogspot.co.uk; 4 at fantasticjournal.blogspot.co.uk; Park and Urban Allotment design to Chelas Valley © Munitipality of Lisbon. Fig 2: Extract table from the Inventory: objectives, funtions, structure and organization of the UAG. Legend: i – recreation and leisure; ii – pedagogic/educational; iii - therapy; iv – family income aid; v – social valorisation; vi – occupation of vague land; vii – requalification. : ●●● High, ●● Average, ● Low, ? No construction; 1 – Housing, 2 - Commerce and services; 3 - Mixed use, 4 - Industrial, 5 – Highways; 6 - Agricultural; 9 – Green spaces associated with buildings ans mtorways, 10 – Public Social Infrastructure; a - benches and tables b - toilets, c - lawns d – Tanks, water reservoirs and wells; e – shrub and flower beds; f - playgrounds; g - lakes: ① Order of registration ④ city resident ⑥ employed in the institution ⑧ students ⑨ training in organic farming and composting ⑩not having another allotment: O - mandatory; F - optional, NE – not exististing
Li0002, UAG in Cascais
stimulating and regulating. In terms of spatial organization UAG are generally fenced, orthogonally arranged by a grid of paths and plots. Many UAG provide recreation and meeting opportunities, suggested by features such us benches, tables, pergolas, playgrounds and lawns. These places are becoming an important new
Present Day in PT (UAG and Park Desing)
Po0016 TecMaia Institutional UAG
type of public green space, providing a great range of functions, such as recreation, community valorisation, regeneration of wrecked vacant land, pedagogic, restorative and therapeutic. Although UAG cannot deliver the same values as parks and gardens, they may decrease significantly public maintenance costs plus providing food products.