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ISSN: 2230-9926
International Journal of Development Research Vol. 13, Issue, 09, pp. 63694-63699, September, 2023 https://doi.org/10.37118/ijdr.27142.09.2023
RESEARCH ARTICLE
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PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL JUSTICE, HUNGER, FOOD PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION *Martinho Borromeu, Luis Maia, Nicolau Borromeu, Duarte da Costa Barreto, Marciana Almeida Soares and Elda Alves Sarmento Senior Researchers of the Faculty of Philosophy and Human Sciences of National University Timor Lorosa’e (UNTL)
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ABSTRACT
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The article aims to offer philosophical analysis of social justice in relation with hunger and food production. Justice, since the first issue, has been the subject of study both among philosophers and among theologians, politicians and thinkers or legal experts. However, if there are questions about justice, could not be determined what measures are used to determine something is fair or not. Various answers about justice usually never or rarely satisfying so that continues to be debated, so it can be concluded that the various formulations of justice is a relative statement. This issue ultimately encourages many people to take a shortcut by submitting formulation of justice to the legislators and judges who will formulate it based on their own considerations. Debates on this theme involve all ethical issues regarding food production and its distribution in society, due to food sovereignty in capitalist society and agrarian reform projects that are not implemented, there is an industrial production of food, but that doesn't suit everyone. Causing hunger in the most distinct places in capitalist society, specifically in Brazil. Reflecting an entire relationship with social inequality, which does not guarantee the right to food and the lack of a National Policy on Food and Nutritional Security.
Received 19th June, 2023 Received in revised form 27th July, 2023 Accepted 20th August, 2023 Published online 29th September, 2023 KeyWords: Philosophy, Justice, Social Inequality, Hunger, Food Production and distribution. *Corresponding author: Martinho Borromeu
Copyright©2023, Marise Ramos de Souza et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Citation: Martinho Borromeu, Luis Maia, Nicolau Borromeu, Duarte da Costa Barreto, Marciana Almeida Soares and Elda Alves Sarmento. 2023. “Philosophical analysis of social justice, hunger, food production and distribution”. International Journal of Development Research, 13, (09), 63694-63699.
INTRODUCTION In the world, the economic crisis associated with the phenomenon of globalization has negatively impacted the economic conditions and social well-being of all countries, whether they are rich or poor. Particularly in Latin America, the crisis has notably accentuated the problems associated with underdevelopment, mainly poverty, inequality, economic stagnation, unemployment and insecurity. In this context, there are two major scenarios in Latin America that occupy and concern today: the insertion of local economies in the context of globalization in terms of competitive advantages and the stagnation of economic development and the decline in the quality of life of the population due to the world economic crisis . In both scenarios, the national state is obliged to intervene decisively through the implementation of public policies aimed at social change, through an economic policy aimed at social well-being. One of the reasons for the high level of well-being and prosperity in rich countries is the role played by the State as a promoter of economic and social development. It has meant long periods of effort and sacrifice, efforts that basically rested on internal savings, investment in capital and technology and, mainly, on public investment made for the formation of human and physical capital. All of this has translated into high levels of economic progress, well-being and human development for
its population. In contrast, poor and developing countries do not have a sufficient base of economic and political will to allow them to invest the necessary resources to overcome poverty and social backwardness. In particular, Latin America stands out for unjustifiable levels of poverty and social and economic inequality. Currently, the forms of space production that guarantee the growth and survival of capitalism in most Latin American countries are focused on the primary sector, a result of the advance in commodity production and large-scale mining. Both constitute dominant productive forms in the configuration of the Latin American space. These are not linear processes, nor are they unambiguous, nor is their continuity guaranteed. Both for the crisis that has affected the world economy since 2008 (or even before), and for the social resistance to this model of functioning on a planetary scale. The world economy, although it overcame the threat of the Great Depression in 2013, lives what the Nobel Prize in Economics 2001, Joseph Stiglitz (2014, p. 4) defines as the Great decadence, such as the inexorable decline in average income, 50% unemployed youth in Greece and Spain, continuation of austerity policies with their consequent recessive effect and, jointly, the slowdown in growth in emerging. However, the accelerated expansion of commodity production (such as soybeans in Latin America and the World) 2 generates multiple positive expectations, obscuring or silencing the respective criticisms. And apparently this puts us before the following dilemma: the soy boom, and concomitantly the agribusiness, 3 the key that will allow