WPROWADZENIE
'ODF]HJR SV\FKRORJRZL QLH]EÚGQD MHVW ]QDMRPRĂÊ PHWRGRORJLL"
4ÏŏPG TQ\WOKGPKC OGVQFQNQIKK 2U[EJQNQIKC LGUV PCWMâ K VQ PCWMâ GORKT[E\Pâ. To na pozór banalne stwierdzenie ma jednak poYCŏPG MQPUGMYGPELG K FNC UCOGL RU[EJQNQIKK LCMQ F[UE[RNKP[ PCWMQYGL K FNC V[EJ MVÏT\[ EJEâ Lâ VYÏTE\Q WRTCYKCä K TQ\DWFQY[YCä ,CM PCRKUCĜ (TCPM . 5EJOKFV U )ĜÏYP[O EGNGO MCŏFGL F[UE[RNKP[ PCWMQYGL LGUV TQ\YKLCPKG VGQTKK &QDTC VGQTKC LGUV RQ RTQUVW FQDT[O Y[LCıPKGPKGO RTQEGUÏY MVÏTG HCMV[E\PKG \CEJQF\â Y \LCYKUMW =e? ,GFPCM CD[ DWFQYCä VGQTKö PCNGŏ[ PCLRKGTY RQ\PCä RGYPG RQFUVCYQYG \YKâ\MK LCM PR GORKT[E\PG \YKâ\MK OKöF\[ \OKGPP[OK <YKâ\MK VG Uâ EGIKGĜMCOK \ MVÏT[EJ Y\PQUK UKö IOCEJ VGQTKK =e? 6GQTKG Uâ RT\[E\[PQY[OK Y[LCıPKGPKCOK %GNGO MCŏFGL F[UE[RNKP[ PCWMQYGL LGUV Y[LCıPKGPKG C Y[LCıPKGPKC \CYU\G Uâ RT\[E\[PQYG Y[TÏŏ s , $
9[EJQF\âE QF FQDTGL VGQTKK GORKT[E\PGL TQ\DWFQYWLGO[ LGL KPUVTWOGPVCTKWO YRTQYCF\CLâE ECĜMKGO PQYG OGVQF[ CNG VGŏ \CUVöRWLâE RT\GUVCT\CĜG YGTULG OGVQF[ PQY[OK DCTF\KGL RTGE[\[LP[OK K RTQRQPWLâE PQYG U[UVGO[ KPVGTRTGVCE[LPG W\[UMKYCP[EJ \C RQOQEâ TÏŏPQTCMKEJ OGVQF Y[PKMÏY DCFCYE\[EJ <CE\PKLO[ LGFPCM QF RQE\âVMW QF VGIQ LCMK UGPU PCFCLG UKö VGTOKPQYK dPCWMCq 1VÏŏ OÏYKâE dPCWMCq OCO[ PC O[ıNK FYC UGPU[ VGIQ VGTOKPW #LFWMKGYKE\ C U VGTOKP dPCWMCq D[YC FYQLCMQ TQ\WOKCP[ 2T\[ LGF P[O LGIQ TQ\WOKGPKW PCWMC VQ V[NG EQ T\GOKQUĜQ
WE\QP[EJ E\[NK QIÏĜ E\[PPQıEK Y[MQP[YCP[EJ RT\G\ WE\QP[EJ LCMQ VCMKEJ 2T\[ FTWIKO TQ\WOKGPKW VGTOKPW dPCWMCq QMTGıNC UKö PKO Y[VYÏT V[EJ E\[PPQıEK C YKöE U[UVGO VYKGTF\GĞ FQ MVÏT[EJ W\PCPKC FQU\NK WE\GPK Y UY[O FâŏGPKW FQ RQ\PCPKC T\GE\[YKUVQıEK
2QFQDPKG TQ\TÏŏPKC FYC UGPU[ VGTOKPW dPCWMCq ,GT\[ -OKVC U RKU\âE KUVPKGLâ LCM YKCFQOQ FYC RQFUVCYQYG s FNC TQ\YCŏCĞ VGQTKQRQ\PCYE\[EJ s URQUQD[ RQLOQYCPKC VGTOKPW dPCWMCq < LGFPGL DQYKGO UVTQP[ QFPQU\QP[ LGUV QP FQ QMTGıNQPGIQ U[UVGOW E\[PPQıEK DCFCYE\[EJ \ FTWIKGL \Cı UVTQP[ UVQUWLG UKö IQ FQ QFRQYKGFPKGIQ \DKQTW \CĜQŏGĞ DCFCĞ PCWMQY[EJ QTC\ KEJ TG\WNVCVÏY Y[TCŏQP[EJ Y RQUVCEK \FCĞ
9 RKGTYU\[O RT\[RCFMW -OKVC OÏYK Q dRTCMV[EG DCFCYE\GLq PCVQOKCUV Y FTWIKO RQ\QUVCLG RT\[ VGTOKPKG dPCWMCq 0CWMC FYQLCMQ TQ\WOKCPC LGUV RT\GFOKQVGO \CKPVGTGUQYCĞ OGVQFQNQIKK. /GVQFQNQIKC \Cı F\KGNK UKö PC #LFWMKGYKE\ C U 6QRQNUMK U OGVQFQNQIKö QIÏNPâ s MVÏTC VTCMVWLG Q RTCYKFĜQYQıEKCEJ T\âF\âE[EJ RTQEGUGO RQ\PCYE\[O YURÏNP[EJ FNC YU\[UVMKEJ PCWM PR MNCU[ȧMQYCPKG FGȧPKQYCPKG YPKQUMQYCPKG Y[LCıPKCPKG KVR OGVQFQNQIKö U\E\GIÏĜQYâ OGVQFQNQIKG U\E\GIÏĜQYG s MVÏTC FQV[E\[ FCPGL F[UE[RNKP[ PCWMQYGL K \CLOWLG UKö EJCTCMVGT[UV[E\P[OK
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