CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATION ..............................................................
IX
ENTRY ....................................................................................... XIX CHAPTER 1.
STEM CELLS – INTRODUCTION ............................
1.1. 1.2.
The history of stem cells in a nutshell ......................... Ethical issues in research over the stem cells ...............
CHAPTER 2.
CELL STEMS BIOLOGY...........................................
2.1. 2.1.1. 2.1.2. 2.1.3. 2.2. 2.3. 2.3.1. 2.4.
Division and definition of stem cells ........................... Totipotent stem cells ................................................. Pluripotent stem cells ................................................ Multipotent stem cells .............................................. Stem cell niche ......................................................... Molecular basis of pluripotency ................................. Differentiation of stem cells ...................................... Structure of stem cells ...............................................
CHAPTER 3.
1 1 2 5 5 7 8 10 11 12 12 13
STEM CELLS IN MEDICINE .................................... 15
3.1. Mesenchymal stem cells ............................................ 3.1.1. Research on mesenchymal cells ................................. 3.2. Embryonal stem cells ................................................ 3.3. Adult stem cells ........................................................ 3.3.1. Hematopoietic stem cells .......................................... 3.4. Neural stem cells ...................................................... 3.5. Circulatory stem cells system ..................................... 3.6. Lung stem cells ......................................................... 3.7. Intestinal stem cells ................................................... 3.8. Skeletal muscle stem cells .......................................... 3.9. Non-hematopietic stem cells ..................................... 3.9.1. Stem cells from umbilical cord blood ......................... 3.10. Bone marrow stem cells ............................................ 3.11. Cancer stem cells ...................................................... 3.12. Skin stem cells .......................................................... 3.12.1. Skin structure ........................................................... 3.12.2. Stem cell niches in the skin ........................................
15 17 18 19 20 22 23 24 26 27 28 28 29 30 32 32 34
CONTENTS
V