lucas.olivares.alvarado@gmail.com +49 157 55861472
°WINNER OF THE MARIO RECORDÓN AWARD 2022
°SELECTED UNIVERSITY OF CHILE ARQUISUR COMPETITION 2022
°WINNER OF NATIONAL TITLE PROJECTS 2023 (CNPT)
RCGPS
RECYCLING CENTER(S) AND GENERATOR OF PUBLIC SPACES
Typology: Industrial Recycling Center
Location: Puente Alto, Chile
Year: 2021
Type: Academic Work
Role: Creator, Design and development
Guide teacher: Tomás Villalón
CONFLICTING PARTS
The environmental crisis requires a restructuring of productive systems. This project explores architecture’s role in addressing garbage. Cities, as activity hubs, overproduce waste, burdening communities. It aims to rethink urban production and make cities accountable for waste. Factories, symbols of degradation, have been moved away, prioritizing production over environmental care. Reinserting
industry poses challenges in positioning architecture and integrating recycling into public discourse, promoting awareness and alternative resource management.
1. Night View: Access from Municipality, Source: Own Elaboration
WASTE AS RAW MATERIAL
The project focuses on waste and its industry, highlighting recycling as a process with significant architectural potential. While other recovery methods, such as redesign, occur at an individual level, waste acquires a collective condition (7). Breaking the linear waste cycle requires always viewing discarded materials as raw materials, fostering a new logic of production and consumption.
RECYCLING LIMITATIONS
Recycling alone will not solve the waste problem; reduction and redesign are equally crucial. Many products are designed without considering their recyclability, prioritizing commercial feasibility over ecological intelligence. In Chile, although 72.7% consider climate change a serious issue, more than 54.8% do not separate their waste (3), mainly due to a lack of habit or inadequate recycling infrastructure.
URBAN RESPONSABILITY
Cities, home to 56% of the world’s population, are the main waste producers, often shifting their burden to peripheral areas or countries like China and India. Reintegrating industry into the city forces urban centers to take responsibility for their waste and promotes territorial justice. Waste production will not be seen as a real problem until its own generators are compelled to manage it (4).
2. Tons of Garbage (RM), Source: Own Elaboration
3. Percentage of Waste Recovery, Source: Own Elaboration 4. General plan of action, Source: Own Elaboration
5. Pretreatment Production Line, Source: Own Elaboration
7. The Network, Source: Own Elaboration
8. Greater Santiago and Recycling Industries, Source: Own Elaboration
6. Scheme of Relationship System, Source: Own Elaboration
9. General Axonometry, Source: Own Elaboration
10. Initial Drawings, Source: Own Elaboration
FLEXIBILITY AND SPECIFITY
Once the industries have been analyzed in depth, three highly relevant aspects emerge: target m², productive systems, and flexibility. To address the complexity of the project, a modular growth system is proposed, allowing independent towers to function together or individually depending on the needs and scale of each production chain. In the upper chart, it can be seen that, according to the
proposed modules, different proportions of work and storage towers are required. On the side, it is shown how the production chain of each type of material needs to develop in a sequence of work or storage modules according to its own characteristics (9). By intersecting both variables, the final expression of each industry would emerge in a building, specializing either in pre-treatment or treatment processes.
12. Modular Growth System, Source: Own Elaboration
11. General Section, Source: Own Elaboration
WORK MODULES
The module sizes are designed to operate within a mid-range that allows both independence and interconnection between modules for the development of the production cycle. A flexible module with a base size of 225 m² (15m x 15m) leaves 10 linear meters per side for optimal connection with other towers. Hollow cores, which also serve vertical load distribution, act as service cores. These cores provide
flexibility, as they can be converted into wet cores, housing toilets and wastewater pipes, and can also function as transportation cores.
13. Work Module: Construction System, Source: Own Elaboration
14. Work Module: Transfer Modular System, Source: Own Elaboration
15. Work Module, Source: Own Elaboration
COLLECTION MODULES
The dimensions of the module are chosen to operate within a medium range that allows both independence and interconnection between modules for the development of the production cycle.
In this way, a flexible module with a radial composition of 7.5 meters is provided. This module leaves a 3-meter opening per level to connect to the work towers.
The strength of the module lies in its adaptability, whether as storage, offices, or space for more complex machinery.
16. Collection Module: Construction System, Source: Own Elaboration
17. Couplin System, Source: Own Elaboration
18. Collection Module, Source: Own Elaboration
SYSTEM OPERATION
The project is organized into three main stages based on its productive function and public space. First, the underground level is dedicated to raw material distributors (1). Second, the street level focuses on the general public, with a special emphasis on children(2). Lastly, the pre-treatment plants and core, along with storage towers, manage heavy machinery while showcasing lighter processes
(3). The distribution plant is split into two wings: one for receiving recyclable materials and the other for dispatching processed materials. The public space includes recreational areas, workshops, and collaborative spaces.
20. Floor -1 Source: Own Elaboration
19. Site Plan, Source: Own Elaboration
23. Operating Layers, Source: Own Elaboration
21. Ground Floor, Source: Own Elaboration
22. Floor 1, Source: Own Elaboration
24. Collection Module, Source: Own Elaboration
25. Intermodular Modules, Source: Own Elaboration
26.Work Modules, Source: Own Elaboration
27. IPublic Espace, Source: Own Elaboration
28. Night View, Source: Own Elaboration
29. Night View II, Source: Own Elaboration
°WINNER
SFCBC
ST. FRANCIS OF CERRO BARON CHURCH
Typology: Ceremonial Center: Church
Location: Valparaíso, Chile
Year: 2019-2024
Type: Professional
Role: Co-creator and Design
Team: Martin S,Leonardo G. and Jessy M.
THE FIRE
The Church and Convent of San Francisco in Cerro Barón, Valparaíso, were built in 1846 in a Neoclassical style, later remodeled in 1890 with Neobaroque elements. After a devastating fire in 2013, the reconstruction focused on preserving and enhancing its original spatiality, combining historical elements with subtle contemporary interventions.
1. View Central Nave Church, Source: Own Elaboration
2. Drone Aerial View, Source: Courtesy of MSRAA
THE NEW STRUCTURE
The reconstruction of the Church and convent aimed to recover and enhance its original spatiality. The solemn atmosphere is accentuated by the spacious structure, including the central vault and flat ceilings of the side aisles, with natural and artificial light illuminating the altar and baptistery. Light woods and flooring are used inside, preserving the historic brick façade and its existing elements.
THE CONVENT
Next to the church, the convent and central courtyard retained their original austere character with small contemporary interventions to provide services to the community, enhancing its volumetry, pavement, and existing vegetation.
THE SEARCH
The approach preserved spatiality without replicating old forms. Restoration is not repetition but a study of the past and its values. The building once reflected its era’s craftsmanship, but fires erased its original wooden structure. Replicating it would misrepresent history, so alternatives reinterpreted spatiality while ensuring construction methods suited their time.
3. Collection of Fire Images, Source: Courtesy of MSRAA
5.Structural Studies, Source: Own Elaboration
4. Initial State, Source: Own Elaboration
6.Structural Studies, Transversal Section, Source: Own Elaboration
7.Structural Studies, Transversal Section, Source: Own Elaboration
8.Structural Studies, Meeting Pieces. Source: Own Elaboration
9.Structural Studies, Pillar Rotated. Source: Own Elaboration
10.Structural Studies, Final Inside. Source: Own Elaboration
LIGHTHOUSE
In 1846, the Franciscan order completed the construction of a convent and church located on Baron Hill. The design of the temple stood out for its neoclassical style and its tall brick tower. The church quickly became a popular landmark in the city, as the towers of the church served as a lighthouse for the sailors of the time, who gave the port the nickname of San Pancho.
COMMUNITY
The building’s significance to Valparaíso is immense, making the church’s intervention a subject of deep discussion. Numerous public consultations were held, covering aspects like the building’s colors and even details such as the central nave’s chairs. This high level of ecclesiastical and neighborhood involvement ensured a project embraced by the community, which valued its role in the process.
RETURN TO THE CRAFTSMEN
Restoring a building of this scale required immense craftsmanship. Preserving charred elements like doors and windows as reminders of the past was a powerful idea. These interventions transform the building into a living museum, showcasing its history and culture. By embracing its past rather than concealing it, the structure stands as a testament to resilience while shaping the present.
11. Point Cloud Assembly, Longitudinal Section. Source: Jessy Melendez
12. Tranversal Point Cloud Section. Source: Own Elaboration
13. Ground Floor, Source: Own Elaboration at MSRAA
VALUE
This building holds deep personal significance. From its inception in the competition to its development, I contributed to its details, engaged with the community, and followed its evolution. It marked the beginning of my professional career, and I hold it in the highest regard, with great respect and affection.
14. Outside View. Source: Courtesy of MSRAA
15. View Central Nave Church, Source: Own Elaboration
16. Garden Pictures. Source: Courtesy of MSRAA
17. Section 10-10, Source: Own Elaboration
18. View of the Pulpit. Source: Own Elaboration
19. View Central Nave Church, Source: Own Elaboration
20. View of the Choir, Source: Courtesy of MSRAA
IP-BXXII
BIENNIAL XXII
INFLATABLE PAVILION
Typology: Temporal Pavilion
Location: Santiago, Chile
Year: 2022-2023
Type: Professional
Role: Assembly
Team: Smiljan Radic, Nicolás Schmidt and Building Team (7)
FRAGIL STRUCTURE
Located in the urban environment of the Palacio de la Moneda, Santiago, it functioned as a temporary stage for the programs of meetings, debates and conferences that set up public discussions on the central theme of the event: “Vulnerable Habitats” of the XXII Biennial of Architecture and Urbanism of Chile, which took place in January and February 2023.
2. Original Floor Plan Pavilion , Source: Nicolás Schmidt
1. View Central Space. Source: Own Elaboration
HOW TO INFLATE A BALLOON
It would not be incorrect to say that this pavilion was a 1:1 model. The correct length to width ratio was an endurance test of multiple models until a final version was reached that would withstand wind and internal air pressure. At the same time the amount of ropes, the amount of lateral weight and the different elements were created in a handcrafted way.
5.Transporting the Truck. Source: Own Elaboration 6. Ropes to Tie the Bag. Source: Own Elaboration
7. Sracking Equipment. Source: Own Elaboration
3.Photos Loading the Truck. Source: Juan Gubbins
4 Loaded Truck. Source: Own Elaboration
8. Unwrapping the Roll. Source: Own Elaboration
9. The Roll. Source: Own Elaboration
10. The Deployment. Source: Own Elaboration
11. First Tests. Source: Own Elaboration
12. Instaling the Vents. Source: Own Elaboration
13. Pavilion Acces. Source: Cristobal Palma
14. Inflated Pavilion. Source: Own Elaboration
15. Centre of the Source: Own Elaboration
16. Loading the Sandbags. Source: Own Elaboration
17. The Inflatable Pavilion in the Public Space. Source: Own Elaboration
18. Interior Spaciousness Witthout Additional Layers. Source: Own Elaboration
TEST AND ERROR
The proposal featured a 30m-long, 20m-wide, 6m-high inflatable bag-like structure on the grass near the avenue, highlighting the festival’s *Vulnerable Habitats* theme. Tied with ropes to stay in place, it was kept inflated by fourteen fans. Inside, a 6m-high igloo-like space held 250 seats and a stage. Small side openings allowed entry while maintaining inflation.
EPHEMERAL SPACES
The inflatable pavilion challenges traditional structural rigidity, relying on air pressure and tensile forces. The lightweight membrane, anchored by ropes and sustained by fans, creates a dynamic, adaptable space. Its ephemeral nature highlights architecture’s potential for flexibility, impermanence, and spatial experimentation.
FRAGILITY
“Fragility means escaping the security ranges that some projects have. An art installation does not have the same safety constraints as architecture. It allows for certain risks, making the experience very rich. These projects push boundaries within limits, extending them just enough to be truly stimulating.”
Radic, S. (2023).
19.Acces to the Pavilion. Source: Own Elaboration
22. Corners of the Pavilion. Source: Own Elaboration
20. Aereañ View. Source: Cristobal P.
21. Heigh from the Pavilion. Source: Own Elaboration
23. Inhabited Pavilion. Source: Cristobal P.
24.The Team. Source: Cristobal P.
CACS
CENTER FOR ADVANCED CLINICAL STUDIES
Typology: University Educational Center
Location: Maipú, Chile
Year: 2022-2026
Type: Professional
Role: Coordinator, Design and Development
Team: MSRAA (6) UNAB Infraestrucure Team (5-10)
SIMULATION CENTER
The Clinical Simulation Learning Center (CACS) revolutionizes medical education in Latin America. Covering 18,200 m², it unites three institutions and 20+ healthcare programs. Designed around an inner courtyard, it fosters interdisciplinary exchange, combining hyperrealistic clinical spaces with adaptable environments for evolving medical training.
1. General View From The Street , Source: Co-Creation with Alonso G. and Leonardo G.
2. General Scheme , Source: Courtesy of MSRAA
°FIRST CLINICAL SIMULATION BUILDING IN LATIN AMERICA (2019-2026)
INFORMAL SPACES
The project is built around a central void (6) where all disciplines intersect. The building holds more than 34 different especialities and we took it as an opportunity to create spaces where knowledge could be created, discussed and spread. That is why the building focuses its energies on creating these recreational spaces that make communication and bonding between students possible.
3. Axonometric general view, Source: Co-Creation with Alonso G. and Leonardo G.
4. Facade , Source: Co-Creation with A.G and L.G.
5. Access, Source: Co-Creation with Alonso G. and Leonardo G. 6. Central Void. Source: Co-Creation with Alonso G. and Leonardo G.
7. Informal Spaces, Source: Co-Creation with Alonso G. and Leonardo G.
8. Informal Spaces, Source: Co-Creation with Alonso G. and Leonardo G.
9. Informal Spaces, Source: Co-Creation with Alonso G. and Leonardo G.
STRUCTURE AND INMERSION
From the diagonal wall of the informal space on the second floor to the tripods supporting the roof, every element was designed to lighten the structure and create a sense of openness. The goal was to move away from the conventional clinical feel, embracing an immersive and diverse spatial concept instead.
10. Ground Floor , Source: Co.creation with MSRAA
11. Section304 , Source: Co-Creation with MSRAA
12. Initial Access Wall Test, Source: Own Elaboration 13. Final Wall, Source: Own Elaboration
SPECIFICITY
With input from 20+ healthcare professionals, the project included 40 typologies, enriching the floor plan but requiring each room to be treated as a project. To tackle this, we created “functional cards” outlining each enclosure’s operation, dimensions, and internal layout, including section cuts, floor plans, and furniture design.
14. Axonometric Block A, Source: Co-creation with MSRAA
15. Hospital Centre Axonometric , Source: Co-Creation with MSRAA
16. Ground Floor, Source: Co-Creation with MSRAA
17. Sections AA-BB , Source: Co-Creartion with MSRAA
18.Furniture Detail , Source: Co-Creation with MSRAA
19. Sky Floor , Source: Courtesy of MSRAA
20. Sections CC-DD, Source: Courtesy of MSRAA
21. Valance Detail, Source: Courtesy of MSRAA
22.Hospital Stretcher View , Source: Courtesy of MSRAA
23.General View of the Hospital , Source: Co-creation with Alonso Gaete and Leonardo Gaete.
°WINNER DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE PUBLIC BIDDING PROCESS FOR THE ANTÚMALEN
SPORTS PARK (2023-2026)
°FIRST TENSEGRITY BUILDING IN LATIN AMERICA (2026)
ASPT ANTUMALÉN SPORT PARK TEMUCO
Typology: Sports Park
Location: Temuco, Chile
Year: 2023-2025
Type: Professional
Role: Cocreator, Design and Development
Development Tomás Villalón
Team: Rodrigo Chauriye Christian Yutronic Carmen Valdes
THE PARK
The Antumalén Sports Park is designed as a flexible and multifunctional public space, integrating modular circular units that allow phased development of events, activities, and fairs. It promotes community inclusion through public plazas, green areas, and accessible routes. Additionally, it offers recreational spaces, shaded areas, and seating, fostering social interaction.
1. General View of Dome, Source: Co-Creation with Sebastián J.
2. Roof Plan, Source: Co-creation with Carmen V.
A CIRCULAR PARK
Beyond solving athletic needs, the project establishes a territorial landmark. Curvilinear pathways and integration with Antumalen Wetland demonstrate how architecture can simultaneously function as both icon and landscape, efficient structure and sensory experience. Each design decision reveals deep understanding of the physical and cultural forces that give meaning to built space.
4. General bird’s eye view of the project, Source: Own Elaboration
6. Conceptual Drawings, Source: Tomás Villalón
5. Rugby Plan , Source: Rodrigo C. and Team
3. SitePlan, Source: Rodrigo C. and Team
7. Dome Axonometric, Source: Own Elaboration
TENSEGRITY
Innovative sports complex blending tensegrity efficiency with sustainable design. This Fuller-inspired 85m-diameter tensegrity dome redefines lightweight efficiency with floating steel rings (3-4.5m) suspended by tension cables, achieving 40% weight reduction. A translucent PVC membrane bathes the sports complex in diffused light while steel-wood hybrids bridge technology and nature.
8.View of Dome, Source: Co-Creation with Sebastián J.
9. InteriorView of Dome, Source: Co-Creation with Sebastián J.
10. Side View of Dome, Source: Co-Creation with Sebastián J.
11. Section B, Source: Co-Creation with Carmen V.
12. Dome Basement Floor, Source: Co-Creation with Carmen V. 13. Dome Ground Floor, Source: Co-Creation with Carmen V.
14. Dome Second Floor, Source: Co-Creation with Carmen V.
15. Axonometric of Dome Construction, Source: Own Elaboration
CIRCULAR ENCLOSURES
Glazed volumes house service buildings—bathrooms, dressing rooms, and warehouses—integrating with the terrain. These programs unify under a single concept: glass circles, creating a cohesive language that enhances the park’s ethereal feel. Alongside the main dome and sports field enclosures, the circle defines the project’s intervention and unification.
16. Vista Project with Developed Park, Source: Own Elaboration
17. Exit View of Bathrooms, Source: Own Elaboration
18. Vista Project with Developed Park, Source: Own Elaboration
19. Exit view of Dressing Rooms, Source: Own Elaboration
20. Exit view of Dressing Rooms, Source: Own Elaboration 21. Dressing Rooms Ground Floor, Source: Own Elaboration
Acces Control Ground Floor, Source: Own Elaboration
23. Bathrooms Ground Floor, Source: Own Elaboration
Dressing Rooms Sections, Source: Own Elaboration
Acces Control Sections, Source: Own Elaboration
°SECOND PLACE IN THE VALPARAÍSO REGIONAL ARCHIVE COMPETITION PALACIO SUBERCASEAUX 2022
VRASP
VALPARAISO REGIONAL ARCHIVE SUBERCASEAUX PALACE: THE SHELF AND THE DESK”
Typology: Archive
Location: Valparaíso, Chile
Year: 2023-2025
Type: Professional
Role: Co-Creation and Design
Contest Tomás Villalón
Team: Nicolás Norero Sebastián Jara
REGIONAL ARCHIVE OF VALPARAISO
The Subercaseaux Palace in Valparaíso, now a ruin, embodies history and renewal. Its classical facade contrasts with its raw interior, embracing time as an architectural element. Inspired by John Ruskin, the project stabilizes the structure with modern techniques like resins and steel, transforming the ruin into a living archive where preservation meets reinvention.
1. Interior View, Source: Co-Creation with Sebastián J.
2. First Floor, Source: Co-Creation with Tomás V.
A SEQUENCE OF CONCENTRIC VOIDS AND MASSES
The Archivo Regional Valparaíso project layers preservation and modern use. The facade restores its historic presence while revealing its material truth. A vertical void brings light and ventilation, separating old from new. The archival body acts as an urban shelf, and a central courtyard connects to the city. This sequence fosters a dialogue between past and present.
3. Ground Floor, Source: Co-Creation with Tomás V.
5. Upper Terrace View, Source: Co-creation with Sebastián Jara 6. Inner Emptiness Source: Co-Creation with Sebastián J.
8. Section 4, Source: Co-Creation with Nicolás N.
7. Section 3, Source: Co-Creation with Nicolás N.
4. General Axonometric Source: Own Elaboration
ABUEC
ANDRÉS BELLO UNIVERSITY
EXTENSION CENTER
Typology: University
Location: Valparaíso, Chile
Year: 2020-2026
Type: Professional
Role: Design and Development
Team: MSRAA (6) OFA(4)
A PROJECT ON THE HORIZON
Due to regulatory requirements, the project had to be built below street level, making it appear to extend over the sea. Through three intersecting volumes forming interior courtyards, it serves as the UNAB extension center, set to exceed 25,000m² across phases. Its habitable roof, the project’s key public space, enriches student life and enhances its surroundings.
1. Land Implantation, Source: Courtesy of MSRAA
2. Terrace View, Source: Co-Creation with MSRAA
3. Lucarna Detail, Source: Own Elaboration
4. Access View, Source: Co-Creation with MSRAA
5. Interior View, Source: Co-Creation with MSRAA
6. Lucarna Detail, Source: Own Elaboration
7. Aerial View, Source: Co-Creation with MSRAA
8. Section Detail, Source: Own Elaboration
9. Facade View, Source: Co-Creation with MSRAA
10. Inner Courtyard, Source: Co-Creation with MSRAA
11. Library, Source: Co-Creation with MSRAA
KLÑH
KAIRA LOORO
CHILDREN´S HOUSE
Typology: Boarding School
Location: Casamance, Senegal
Year: 2022
Type: Professional Role: Cocreation Design
Team: Dominga Natho Braulio Luengo
EARTHBOUND ARCHITECT
In southern Senegalese villages, architecture remains close to the earth. Fences are made of wood, and homes, built with straw and adobe, reflect a simple and harmonious way of life deeply connected to nature. Amid this tropical landscape, framed by the Tannaf Valley and scattered with resilient trees, stands the House of Children, blending seamlessly with its surroundings.
5. Exterior View, Source: Co-Creation with Braulio L.
2. Floor Location Source: Dominga Natho
GATHERING AND REFLECTION
A slender lateritic structure rises firmly from the ground, serving as a gathering space for African women. Inside, a warm, intimate void emerges, integrating with nature through openings that invite light and air. Two semicircles shape the space, creating a dynamic and interactive environment. A shaded entrance threshold and a small oasis within offer shelter and contemplation, unified under a wooden framework.
3.Ground Floor, Source: Co-Creation with Dominga Natho
7. Local Farm Ring Section, Source: Co-Creation with Dominga Natho
4. Detail Section, Source: Co-Creation with Dominga Natho
6. Primeter Structure Detail, Source: Co-Creation with Braulio L.
10. Local Farm Ring Source: Co-Creation with Braulio L.
8. Ring Interior View, Source: Co-Creation with Braulio L.
9. Bedroom View, Source: Co-Creation with Braulio L.
ISLAND HOUSE
Typology: House
Location: Currarehue. SCL.
Year: 2024
Type: Professional
Role: Cocreation Design Development
Team: Dominga Natho
ISLAND HOUSE
Casa Isla is located in remote Curarrehue, southern Chile, on the banks of the Trancura River. Defined by a dual-pitched roof in opposing directions, the metallic, linear structure contrasts with the lush natural surroundings. Designed for a small family, it occupies a minimal two-story footprint, enabling a first home with limited investment.
1. Exterior View, Source: Own Elaboration
Final Option Drawing, Source: Own Elaboration
2. Main Facade, Source: Own Elaboration
3. Aerial View, Source: Own Elaboration
4. Longitudinal Section, Source: Co-creation with Dominga N.
6. Transversal Sections, Source: Co-creation with Dominga N.
5. Entrance Façade, Source: Own Elaboration
7. Living Room and Kitchen, Source: Own Elaboration 8. Living Room and Kitchen, Source: Own Elaboration
Bedroom, Source: Own Elaboration
A-35 H
A-35 HOUSE
Typology: House
Location: Punta Pite, Chile.
Year: 2024-2025
Type: Professional
Role: Development
Municipal Process
Team: Tomás Villalon
Nicolás Norero
Leonardo Quinteros
S.Engineer: José Allende
Alfonso Cádiz
BEAM AND WALL
Beams, walls, slabs—each architectural element carries an inherent structural role. This house explores how each part can perform exactly as structurally intended. Minimal construction is achieved through beams spanning large distances and volumetric walls bearing vertical loads, defining a home through the pure expression of structure.
1. Exterior View, Source: Leonardo Quintero
3. Exterior View, Source: Leonardo Quinteros
4. Living Room, Source: Leonardo Quinteros
5. Terrace, Source: Leonardo Quinteros
6. Elevation, Source: Own Elaboration
7. Ground Floor, Source: Own Elaboration
8. First Floor, Source: Own Elaboration
9. Section A, Source: Own Elaboration
Section C, Source: Own Elaboration
Section B, Source: Own Elaboration
University Of Chile
