Nudge Sample Kachin English

Introduction

Most people have a pretty clear idea of what’s good for them and what’s not. They are determined to eat healthily, save money for retirement and not smoke.

But when it comes to actually seeing these things through in everyday life, they oen do the opposite: they eat unhealthily, they’re reckless with money and they smoke too much.

Unwise behaviors crop up in all parts of our lives, from eating habits to investment decisions to the way we structure our daily schedule. We grab a chocolate bar even though we know that an apple would be better for us; we hit snooze every time our alarm rings despite knowing this means we’ll only have to rush later.

Such behavioral patterns cause problems when quick decisions result in serious long-term consequences. For example, statistics show that when it comes to saving money, most US citizens save very little even though they know this can cause them trouble later.

If we suddenly lose our income due to illness or unemployment or have

Ga Hpaw

Măsha law mălawng kaw ē, tinang a mătu kăja ai/n kăja ai lam yan ni hte seng nna, ramdaw asan apra rē idea nga ai. Hkamja ai hku lusha sha na, bungli hkring sa ten a mătu gumhpraw măhkawng da na, hkayawm koi gam na, ngu shanhtē dawdan chyē ai.

Raitim, shăni shăgu asak hkrung lam hta ndai lam yan ni hte găja wa hkrum wa yang, nhti nhtang gălaw chyē ma ai Hkamja ai lusha n sha ai, gumhpraw hpe sădi săhka n jai lang ai hta n-ga, hkayawm law law lu byin ai.

Mălu măsha lailen ni kaw na hpang let, gumhpraw arang bang dawdan lam, shăni shăgu na aten jăhpan gălaw ai lam ni du hkra, anhtē a prat lămang shăgu hta ē, bawnu n rawng ai akyang ni paw pru wa ai. Makawk si grau kăja ai hpe chyē tim, chawkalet atawng hpe anhtē lăta sha ai. Jăhpawt yup jăsu nsen ngoi ai aten, chyăhkring mi bai yup la ai (kăde n na yang lăwan gat hkawm ra să na ngu chyē taw tim).

Lăwan lădan dawdan lam ni gaw aten gălu na n kăja ai akyu ara ni byin wa ai măjaw, dai zawn akyang lailen măka ni gaw manghkang ni byin shăngun ai Ga shădawn, jăhpan chyărang ni kaw tang mădun ai hku nga yang, gumhpraw măhkawng ai lam hte seng wa yang, US măsha law law gaw kăchyi kăchyaw sha lu măhkawng ai (dai gaw hpang daw de shanhtē a mătu manghkang byin wa na hpe chye tim).

Lama na anhtē machyi makaw byin, bungli n lu ai măjaw shang gumhpraw n nga mat yang, mawdaw jak

unexpected expenses like getting our car fixed, and have no savings to fall back on, we become angry about the irrational decisions we made in the past. And yet, despite knowing this, we continue to make financial decisions based on short-term rather than long-term goals.

We don’t always make decisions that are best for us in the long run.

găram ra ai zawn n myit măda gumhpraw jai ra ai lam ni nga wa ai rai yang, shingdu kaw gumhpraw măhkawng da ai lam n nga yang, lai sai aten ashawng ahpang n myit sawn ai dawdan lam ni hte seng wa yang anhte myit n dik wa chyē ai Raitim, ndai lam yan ni hpe chyē nga ninglen, aten gălu na bandung ni a mălai, aten kădun măbyin măsa ni kaw măhta let, gumhpraw hte seng ai dawdan lam ni hpe mătut mănoi gălaw ai.

Anhtē gaw, găloi shăgu, anhtē a matu aten gălu hta kăja dik rē ai hku dawdan chyē ai n rē.

Part 1

We oen make bad decisions based on either too little or overly complex information.

Why do we so oen make decisions that aren’t really the best choices for us? In many cases, we simply have too little or too much information, or we can’t foresee the consequences of our actions. It’s only when we have, and can process, the right amount of information that we are in a place to make rational decisions.

Daw 1

Information kăchyi kăchyaw, shnr, măla shăla shuk shănut ai information ni kaw măhta nna, shut shai ai hku dawdan chyē ai.

Hpa rai nna anhtē a mătu kăja dik n rē ai hku anhtē dawdan chyē ai rai kun? Dawdan lam law mălawng hta ē, anhtē kaw information n law n la, shnr, nachying law htam hkra lu la ai, shnr, anhtē gălaw ai amu ni a akyu ara ni hpe anhtē tau hkrau n mu lu ai Tup hkrak rē ai information hpe lu la nhtawm, dai hpe dinglik lu yang she, ashawng ahpang htuk mănu ai dawdan lam ni byin tai na ra ai

For example, when we have to choose an ice cream flavor at an ice cream shop, we usually make that decision rather quickly. We see which flavors there are and we know from

Ga shădawn, ice cream seng kaw ice cream namchyim lăngai ngai hpe lăta la ai shăloi, anhtē lăwan lădan dawdan mai ai. Dai seng kaw kăning rē ai namăchyim hpan ni nga nga ai hpe anhtē mu lu ai. Anhtē a măhkrum mădup kaw măhta nna, strawberry

experience that strawberry ice cream tastes better than mango, i.e., we have all the necessary information and can process it rapidly.

ice cream gaw mango ice cream hta grau mu sau ai hpe chyē ai. Lăchyum gaw, anhtē ra rawng ai information mahkra lu la nna, dai hpe lăwan lădan dinglik mai ai.

However, we feel differently in more serious situations, like when deciding whether to take out a loan. Aer all, there are all different kinds of loans: purchases on account, deferrals, consumer loans, securities, preliminary financing, interim financing, and many more. Some of them have a fixed interest rate, others a variable; all of them have different additional costs. And this information isn’t exactly laid out in plain writing. Usually, it’s hidden in the small print on the bright and colorful advertisement.

Raitim, ndai hta grau ahkyak ai măbyin măsa ni hta, anhtē n bung ai hku hkam sha ai. Ga shădawn, gumhpraw hkoi na/ n hkoi na dawdan ai aten zawn rē.

Ahkyak ai lam gaw, gumhpraw hkoi ai lădat hpan law law nga ai. Gumhpraw n jaw shi yang arai hpe shawng la ai lădat, arai n jaw shi yang gumhpraw shawng la ai lădat, kam ging ai gunrai mări măsha hpe gumhpraw hkoi ya ai lădat, arai hpe ap nna gumhpraw hkoi ai lădat, bungli n hpang shi yang gumhpraw shawn jaw ai lădat, pran wan aten kădun lăman gumhpraw hkoi ya ai lădat, zawn lădat law law nga ai Nkau lădat ni kaw gumhpraw atu măsat da chyălu nga tim, nkau mi kaw n nga ai. Hkoi gumhpraw mahkra kaw kăga hkrat ang ai lam ni nga ai. Ndai zawn information ni hpe asan apra laika ka jăhkrat da ai mung n rai nga ai. Law mălawng, dai laika ni hpe nsam kabrim kabram rē ai, nsam hkum ai ndau shăbra laika ni kaw ē laika gasi kăji ni hte măkoi da ai.

In other words, even when we are privy to all the relevant information, it can still be difficult to sort it all out and compare the services objectively. Situations like this can make us feel completely overwhelmed. We oen make bad decisions based on either too little or overly complex information.

Tsun ga nga yang, seng ang ai information ni mahkra hpe chye tim pyi, dai information ni mahkra hpe hpan găran na, service ni hpe myiman n lăta ai sha shingdaw yu na mătu naw yak na rē. Ndai zawn măbyin măsa ni gaw anhtē hpe baw kăba shăngun ai. Information kăchyi kăchyaw, shnr, măla shăla shuk shănut ai information ni kaw măhta nna anhtē n kăja ai dawdan lam ni gălaw chyē ai

Daw 2

Human beings act mainly on gut feelings. When we see a laughing baby, we can’t help but smile. That “decision” to smile is made unconsciously; our response occurs entirely on its own.

But when we want to figure out the answer to 347 x 12, we confront this task in a conscious way, because finding the answer requires an effort and takes some time. These examples illustrate two different systems of thought:

1. In the case of the baby, we are using our Automatic System, i.e., our gut instinct.

2. In the case of the math problem, we are using the rational or Reflective System.

Shinggyim măsha ni gaw law mălawng hkritung myit hte bungli gălaw ai.

Măni sumsai rē ai ma kăsha lăngai hpe mu yang, anhtē mung hkan măni ai. Măni na mătu dawdan lam hpe n dum shămi gălaw ai. Anhtē a response gaw tsep kawp shi hkrai shi byin wa ai

Raitim, 347 x 12 a măhtai hpe myit ai shăloi, dai amu hpe anhtē hprang măja myit hpe jai lang hpăran ai Hpa măjaw nga yang, măhtai tam na mătu shăkut atsam ra rawng nna, aten mung la ra ai.

Lăhta na ga shădawn ni gaw n bung ai myit sawn lam lădat lăhkawng hpe mădun nga ai.

1. Ma kăsha măbyin hta, anhtē gaw automatic system n dum shămi lădat hpe jai lang ai. Anhtē a hkritung myit hpe jai lang ai.

1. Sawn hpan manghkang măbyin hta, anhtē gaw “Rational or Reflective system” ashawng ahpang dinglik ai lădat hpe jai lang ai.

We don’t have the time or energy to reflect upon every little action we take on an average day, which is why we oen let our Automatic System govern our actions.

Lăni mi tup anhtē gălaw ai amu bungli shăgu hpe myit sawn sumru na mătu anhtē kaw n-gun atsam, ahkying aten n law ai Dai măjaw, anhtē a shămu shămawt ai lam ni hpe n dum shămi lădat hte gălaw nga ai rē

It works well a lot of the time – but not all the time.

Grounded in simplifications, the Automatic System is oen supported by a weak scaffolding of spontaneous emotions and subjective experiences. For instance, when we estimate our own likelihood of suffering from a stroke, the first thing we think about is the amount of people we know who’ve already had one. If we don’t know anybody who’s had a stroke, we automatically assume that there’s only a low risk that we’ll have one. And so, even if our own risk is actually extremely high, we don’t take any precautions. In other words, our gut feeling has led us first to a misjudgment and then to an unwise decision.

Human beings act mainly on gut feelings.

Part 3

Sometimes we make faulty decisions because we succumb to temptation or act without thinking.

Dai gaw ahkying aten law mălawng kaw bungli byin nga tim, gălaoi shăgu bungli byin ai n rē

Aloi ali mung rai nna, ya hkyak hkyak hkamsha lam ni, dinghkrai măhkrum mădup ni kaw măhta nna n dum shămi dawdan lădat byin ai. Ga shădawn, hkumhkrang chyen mi si ai lam byin na măsa hpe tak măram ai shăloi, anhtē chyē ai mănaw mănang ni kaw dai zawn byin lai wa sai măsha kăde dăram nga ai hpe anhtē shawng nnan myit sawn hkrup ai. Hkumhkrang chyen mi si ai măsha kădai hpe mung anhtē n chyē ai rai yang, anhtē kaw mung myit tsang hpa n nga ai, ngu anhtē n dum shămi myit sawn hkrup ai. Dai măjaw, anhtē a măsa gaw găja wa myit tsang hpa rai nga tim pyi, tau hkrau măkawp măga ai lam ni n gălaw byin ai. Shing n rai, anhtē a hkritung myit gaw shut shai ai hku dinglik nna, shutshai ai hku dawdan byin mat ai Shinggyim masha ni gaw law malawng hkritung myit hte bungli galaw ai.

Daw 3

Kălang lang, anhtē gaw agung alau kaw hkrat sum ai, shnr, n myit ai sha gălaw ai măjaw shut shai ai hku dawdan chyē ai.

If you offer a long-time smoker a cigarette while she’s in the process of

Aten gălu na hkayawm ya lăngai hpe hkayawm koi gam na mătu shăkut nga ai aten lăman sikaret jaw lu

quitting, it’ll be difficult for her to resist the temptation. Although she’d like to quit and knows how bad it is for her, she’ll probably end up bumming a smoke. The reason for this unwise response is a lack of will: despite her intentions, the temptation is simply too great. A certain degree of thoughtlessness also takes hold of us in such situations.

For example, experiments have shown that bigger portions cause us to eat more. If we have a big portion in front of us, we eat more of it than we should – even if it doesn’t taste good.

yang, shi gaw dai agung alau hpe tawt lai na yak na rē Shi gaw dai hpe koi gam măyu nna, shi a mătu n kăja ai ngu chyē tim, kălang dăram gaw lu chyam yu na rē

Ndai zawn bawnu n rawng ai response a byin ninghpawt gaw myit n-gun n nga ai lam rē. Shi a yaw shăda lam nga tim, agung alau gaw n-gun grai kăba nga ai.Dai zawn măbyin măsa ni kaw ē, anhtē gaw kăchyi kăchyaw lam dam mat chyē ai.

Ga shădawn, lusha daw chyen kăba mu yang, anhtē grau sha byin ai, ngu sawk săgawn ai lam ni hta mădun da ai. Lama na, anhtē a shawng kaw lusha dawchyen kăba nga yang, namchyim kăde n kăja tim pyi, anhtē sha ging ai hta grau sha byin ai.

In one experiment, researchers sent their test subjects to the movies. Before they entered the theater, the subjects received a bag of stale popcorn – half got a small bag, the other half a medium-sized bag. Although most of the participants later stated that the stale popcorn didn’t taste good, they ate a lot of it anyway –and the people with the big bags ate even more of theirs. Sometimes we make faulty decisions because we succumb to temptation or act without thinking.

Sawk săgawn lam lăngai hta, săwk săgawn ai ni gaw shang lawm măsha ni hpe sumla hkrung dăbang de woi mat ai Sumla hkrung dăbang de gărai n shang shi yang, shang lawm ai ni gaw kya kya rai nna sha n mu ai hkainu npaw sumbu mi lu la ai. Shang lawm chyen mi gaw sumbu kăji lu la nna, kăga chyen mi gaw ramdaw kăba ai sumbu lu la ai.

Kya kya rē ai hkainu npaw gaw sha n mu ai, ngu shang lawm măsha law mălawng tsun tim, shanhtē grai law hkra sha kau sai. Sumbu kăba lu ai ni măhtang grau law law sha ma ai.

Kălang lang, anhtē gaw agung alau kaw hkrat sum ai, shnr, n myit ai sha gălaw ai măjaw shut shai ai hku dawdan chyē ai.

Daw 4

Some companies exploit the human tendency to make the wrong decisions.

If companies want to be successful, they have to sell products and earn profits. And to do that, they have to fulfill their customers’ needs.

Whether that has positive or negative consequences on customers doesn’t matter to some companies – their main concern is whether customers are buying.

Sometimes companies don’t just satisfy the needs that customers already have –they can create new needs in their customers too.

For example, many people can’t help themselves in the face of temptation and don’t think twice about the consequences when making spur-of-the-moment decisions. Companies use this knowledge to tempt their customers into buying more than they originally intended. This is the core approach of companies that promote XXL-sized portions instead of normal ones, and the availability of these over-sized portions is one of the reasons why so many people eat far too much.

Nkau kompani ni gaw shinggyim măsha ni a shut shai ai hku dawdan chyē ai myit hpe akyu jăshawn ai.

Kompani ni awngdang măyu yang, gunrai ni dut nna amyat gumhpraw shang ra ai. Dai zawn byin na mătu, shanhtē gaw gunrai mări măsha ni a ra kădawn ai lam ni hpe jăhpring shăzup ya ra ai.

Gunrai mări măsha ni kaw kăja ai/ n kăja ai akyu ara ni nga/ n nga gaw n kau kompani ni a mătu n ahkyak ai Shanhtē a mădung myit tsang lam gaw gunrai mări măsha ni mări ai/ n mări ai sha rē

Kălang lang kompani ni gaw gunrai mări măsha ni ra kădawn ai ni hpe jăhpring shăzup ya ai hta n-ga, shanhtē a gunrai mări măsha ni kaw ra kădawn ai lam ningnan ni byin tai wa hkra gălaw chyē ai.

Ga shădawn, măsha law mălawng gaw agung alau hte hkrum yang, n dang hkam shărang ai hte, ya hkyak hkyak dawdan lam ni gălaw ai shăloi hpang daw akyu ara ni hpe kăhtap bai myit sawn ai lam n nga ai. Kompani ni gaw gunrai mări m ăsha ni, shanhtē nnan ya shăda ai hta grau mări wa hkra gung lau na mătu dai hpaji hpe jai lang ai. Dai gaw, ramdaw size ni a mălai, XXL-size ni hpe n-gun jaw ai kompani ni a mădung zai lădat rē

Dai zawn size shăjan ni hpe aloi ali lu la ai lam gaw, hpa rai nna măsha ni law law lusha sha ai, ngu ai a byin ningpawt rē

Trial subscriptions to periodicals are another case where companies exploit human weakness. You can sign up and receive the periodical for free for a certain amount of time, but, if you don’t terminate your subscription within the cancellation period, it is automatically renewed, and you continue receiving the periodical – and paying for it.

Some companies exploit the human tendency to make the wrong decisions.

Part 5

Nudges are subtle changes in context that help us avoid making bad decisions. How can we keep ourselves from making the wrong decisions? With nudges, or little pushes in the right direction.

Nudges are not “ no-nos ” or clever advertising messages. Rather, they are subtle actions that make it easier for us to act in the way that is best for us without dictating a specific behavior. Simply put, nudges leave us free rein while making it easier for us to choose the right thing.

Displaying fruit in clearly visible spots and putting junk food in less prominent

Aten man shi laika ni hpe hti chyam shăngun ai lam mung, shinggyim măsha ni a gawng kya lam hpe akyu jăshawn ai lam rē Mying jăhpan bang nna, dai shi laika hpe aten lăman lăngai du hkra lu la ai raitim, cancel gălaw ra ai aten kaw tinang mying jăhpang jaw da ai hpe n dawm kau ai rai yang, shi hkrai shi mying jăhpan nnan bai bang dat ya nna, dai shi laika hpe gumhpraw jaw mări la ai.

Nkau kompani ni gaw măsha ni a shut shai ai hku dawdan chyē ai myit hpe akyu jăshawn ai.

Daw 5

Nudge ngu ai gaw, sut shai ai dawdan lam ni hpe koi yen lu hkra, grupyin măsa hpe si măni ai hku gălai chyăshai ya ai lam rē.

Shut shai ai hku dawdan ai lam hpe kăning rai koi yen lu na kun? Teng man ai hkrunlam de gaungwi ngwi kănawng mai ai. (Dai hpe nudge ngu ai rē.)

Nudge ni gaw tsepkawp ningdan ai, shnr, ndau shăbra shiga mung n rē Anhtē a mătu kăja dik rē ai amu hpe gălaw na mătu, akyang lailen lăngai ngai hpe Si măni ai hku gălaw lăjang ya ai lam rē Gaungwi kănawng ai lam gaw teng man jaw ang ai arai lam hpe lăta la lu na rai nhtawm,

Lusha sheng kaw namsi namsaw ni hpe asan arap mu lu ai shăra kaw tawn nhtawm, măza lusha ni

ones in a cafeteria is a nudge: we have the choice between buying an apple and a candy bar, but the arrangement of the products prompts us to go for the healthier apple. Of course, nudges can also be used for less righteous purposes, e.g., by companies who want to suggest certain purchasing decisions. Companies have been using nudges for a long time – in supermarkets, for example, the shelves at eye level usually contain the most expensive goods. But the example of the fruit being prominently displayed in the cafeteria shows that nudges can also help people choose healthier and better alternatives.

hpe n mu lu ai shăra kaw măkoi da ai lam ni gaw nudge rē Măkawk si hte dwi tawng, tinang ra ai hpe lăta la mai ai Raitim, gunrai ni hpe shăra jăhkrat da ai lam a măjaw, hkamja lam a mătu grau akyu rawng ai măkawk si hpe lăta la na măsa byin wa ai

Teng ai. N hkru ai yaw shăda lam ni a mătu mung nudge ni hpe jai lang mai ai. (Ga shădawn, gunrai mări dawndan lam lăngai ngai hpe shădut măyu ai kompani ni) Kompani ni kaw nudge hpe lai sai aten kaw nna jai lang wa sai. Ga shădawn, supermarket ni kaw ē anhtē myi hte ding ding rē ai shăra ni kaw mănu lăja dik gunrai ni hpe shăra jăhkrat da ai. Raitim, lusha seng kaw namsi hpe asan apra mu lu ai shăra hta tawn ai măbyin hpe yu yang, nudge ni gaw măsha ni măsha ni grau hkamja ai, grau kăja ai gunrai ni hpe măsha ni lăta la lu hkra kărum ya ai lam hpe mădun nga ai

Nudges are subtle changes in context that help us avoid making bad decisions.

Part 6

Defaults are highly effective nudges that cause people to automatically do what’s best for them.

Considering that we don’t rack our brains every time we make a decision,

Nudge ngu ai gaw shut shai ai dawdan lam ni hpe koi yen lu hkra grupyin măsa hpe si măni ai hku gălai chyăshai ya ai lam rē.

Daw 6

Defaults ni gaw masha ni shanhte a matu kaja dik ai hpe shi hkrai shi galaw wa hkra shabyin ya ai masan sa ai nudge ni re.

Anhtē dawdan shăgu, anhtē a bawnu hpe n kam măchyi shăngun ai lam hpe chyē yang, automatic

decision-making situations should be designed so that automatic responses produce a positive outcome.

The e-mail service Gmail does just that with its attachment reminder. If words like “please find attached” are written in e-mail text but no file has been attached, the e-mail program automatically recognizes it and asks the user, “Did you want to send an attachment?” This little nudge can save people a lot of time and trouble.

response shăgu gaw kăja ai akyu ara ni hpe shăpraw ya lu hkra, dawdan ra ai bungli ni hpe hkyen lăjang da ra nga ai

Gmail ngu ai e-mail service gaw, attachment lawn/ n lawm shădum ya let dai lam hpe gălaw ai. “Chyēju hte attached hpe yu ya rit” ngu e-mail kaw ka bang dat tim, file attach n lawm yang, dai hpe email program gaw shi hkrai shi mu măda nna, “attachement shălawm mayu ai kun?” ngu email shăgun ai măsha hpe gasan san ya ai. Ndai nudge kăji gaw măsha ni a aten hte manghkang ni hpe shăyawm ya lu ai.

Companies could choose a similar system to assist their employees to make wise decisions about, e.g., enrolling in company pension-scheme programs.

Since most people are naturally inclined to laziness and don’t really want to change their status quo, enrolling in a company pension-scheme program should not be optional. It would be much better to set up the program so that all employees are automatically enrolled in the scheme – and have to explicitly object if they do not want to be.

Companies should choose defaults guaranteeing that employees do the right thing even when the employees do nothing at all.

Tinang a bungli măsha ni bawnu rawng ai hku dawdan lu hkra kărum ya lu na mătu, dai zawn system ni hpe kompani ni kaw jai lang ging ai. (Ga shădawn, kompani pension măhkyen lămang ni kaw mying jăhpan bang ai lam hte seng wa yang)

Măsha law mălawng gaw măra lăgawn ai hte, shanhtē tsap ai shăra hpe n kam gălai shai ai măjaw, kompani a pension măhkyen lămang kaw mying jăhpan bang ai lam gaw tinang kam yang gălaw mai ai hpan n rai ra ai. Bungli măsha yawng htē mying jăhpan kaw shi hkrai shi lawm hkra, program hpe lăjang tawn da yang grau kăja nga ai. Shanhtē n kam lawm yang she, asan sha ningdan shăngun mai ai.

Bungli măsha ni hpa n gălaw tim pyi, teng man ai lam galaw lu hkra măhkyen mădung ni hpe lajang da ging ai.

Defaults are highly effective nudges that cause people to automatically do what’s best for them.

Măhkyen mădung ni gaw măsha ni shanhtē a matu kaja dik ai hpe shi hkrai shi galaw wa hkra shăbyin ya ai masan sa ai nudge ni re

Part 7

Nudges are most useful when we have too many choices or when the future is at stake.

Part 7

Lăta la hpa grai law ai aten, htawm hpang de myit tsang hpa law ai aten ni hta, nudge ni gaw akyu rawng dik rē.

The most opportune time to use nudges is in situations where it’s particularly difficult for us to make the right decisions.

gaw teng man ai ai hku dawdan lu na mătu yak ai măbyin măsa ni gaw nudge ni hpe jai lang na mătu kăja dik nhtoi rē

Making the wrong decision is easy when we have an immediate pay-off and don’t feel the negative consequences until later. We take that second piece of cake and drink that cocktail aer work because they give us pleasure in the moment and we only feel the negative effects later – when we step on a scale at the end of the month, or wake up the next morning with a headache.

Another cause of bad decision-making is when we don’t have previous experiences to refer to.

Akyu ara hpe kălang ta lu la nhtawm, n kăja ai hpang măbyin ni hpe n mu lu ai aten ni hta, shut shai ai hku dawdan loi nga ai. Cake muk lăhkawng shă hkrup ai lam, bungli ngut ai hpang cocktail lu hkrup ai lam ni gaw, dai aten lăman myit shăpyaw ya nna, n kăja ai hpang măbyin ni hpe hpang daw de she hkamsha lu ai măjaw rē. Shăta htum ai aten, joi ntsa tsap yu ai aten, shnr, hpang jăhpawt baw măchyi nna yup rawt wa yang she (n kăja ai hpang măbyin ni hpe hkamsha lu ai.) Shut shai ai hku dawdan lam a kăga byin ningpawt lăngai gaw, shămyet shănat na mătu lai sai aten na măhkrum mădup n nga ai măjaw rē

At some point or another, we have to decide on which insurance company we want to use. Since we only make this decision once or twice in our lives, we can’t refer to earlier experiences to assess which insurance company would be best for us.

And even aer choosing a health insurance company, there is yet another decision to be made: which policy?

For example, if an insurance company offers many different policies, but some customers who just want general coverage are having difficulty choosing which policy would be best for them, the company could offer a recommended “default policy” – say, one that covers more than 80% of a person ’ s entire medical costs. This helps the less insurance-savvy customers choose a policy that covers a wide range of treatments for the most common medical problems.

Nudges are most useful when we have too many choices or when the future is at stake.

Kălang n rai yang kălang gaw, găra asak păhkam kompani hpe anhtē jai lang na, ngu dawdan ra wa ai

Anhtē a prat kaw dai zawn dawdan lam hpe kălang mărang sha gălaw ga ai măjaw, găra asak păhkam kompani gaw anhtē a mătu kăja dik rē ngu dinglik na măgu, lai wa sai măhkrum mădup ni kaw shămyet na n mai byin ai.

Hkamja lam păhkam kompani lăngai hpe lăta la ngut ai hpang ē pyi, kăga lam yan lăngai hpe bai dawdan ra nga ai. Găra hkrang tăra hpe măhtang

Ga shădawn, păhkam kompani lăngai gaw n bung ai hkrang tăra law law hpe daw jau ai raitim, manghkang law mălawng hkyawm ai hpe ra shărawng ai nkau customer ni gaw shanhtē a mătu găra hkrang tăra kăja dik rē hpe lăta yak ai. Ga shădawn, kompani gaw, măsha lăngai a tsi măwan mănu jăhpu tsa lam shădang 80 hpe kăup ai hpan ntsa lam mădung hkrang tăra hpe daw jau ai ya mai ai Dai gaw păhkam măgam bungli a lam n chyē ai customer ni a mătu tsi manghkang law mălawng a mătu tsi lăjang lam law law hpe kăup ai hkrang tăra hpe lăta la lu hkra kărum ya lu ai Lăta la hpa grai law ai aten, htawm hpang de myit tsang hpa law ai aten ni hta, nudge ni gaw akyu rawng dik rē.

Part 8

Many people use nudges to achieve their goals.

Daw 8

Măsha law law gaw tinang a yaw shăda lam ni awng dang na mătu nudge ni hpe jai lang nga ai.

At the end of each year, many of us come to the conclusion that, yet again, we didn’t manage to stick to our New Year’s resolutions: the number on the scale is higher than last year and the ashtray is still full.

And yet some people are successful. How did they do it? Generally, the people who are able to stick to their resolutions do so by using nudges to keep them from making the wrong decisions throughout the year: they place bets with their friends, take advantage of public weigh-ins, or use Internet programs tailored to help them monitor their progress and stay on target.

On the website Stickk.com, more than 100,000 people have signed so called commitment contracts with themselves to achieve their goals. Aer signing up on the website, you state your goal, set milestones with specific deadlines, and have the option to put money on your success. If you achieve your goal, you get your money back. If not, your money goes to whatever institution or person you initially selected (one particularly motivating recipient, for example, might be the rival team of your favorite football team).

Shăning htum wa yang, tinang măsat jăhkrat da ai shăning nnan myit măkun da ai lam ni hpe, kălang mi bai, n lu khan nang mănoi mănat ai lam hte hpungdim ai Joi ntsa kaw hkumhkrang numnak gaw, moi ning hta grau jan wa nna, (hkayawm) wanwu kawk kaw mung wanwu ni naw hpring nga ai.

Raitim, nkau măsha ni gaw awng dang nga ai. Shanhtē kăning di gălaw ma a ta? Ntsa lam tsun ga nga yang, tinang myit măkun ai lam hpe tinang mănoi mănat lu ai măsha ni gaw, lăning mi tup, shut shai ai dawdan lam ni n byin hkra nudge ni hpe jai lang ai. Shanhtē gaw mănang ni hte dumlawng ai, shăwa numnak shădawn joi hpe akyu jăshawn ai, tinang a rawt jat lam hpe yu lăkawn ya na mătu hte lam n yit mat hkra kărum ya na mătu gălaw lăjang da ai internet lămang ni hpe jai lang ai.

Stickk com ngu ai internet laika man hta, măsha sen mi dăram, tinang yaw shăda ai hku awng dang na mătu, tinang hkum tinang ga shăka myit hkrum lam sen htu da ma ai Dai website kaw mying jăhpan bang ngut ai hpang, tinang a yaw shăda lam hpe tinang măsat, tup hkrak aten lădaw măsat, tinang awng dang yang gumhpraw jaw na mătu htet da mai ai. Tinang a yaw shăda ai hku awng dang ai rai yang, tinang a gumhpraw hpe bai shaw la mai ai. Shing n rai yang, tinang a gumhpraw hpe shawng daw de tinang lăta da ai wuhpung/ măsha lăngai ngai de shălai ya ai. (Ga shădawn, myit shărawt ya lu ai hkap la măsha lăngai gaw, tinang ra shărawng dik ai gawdin hpung a shingjawng hpung rē.)

This successful website is an example of how nudges can be harnessed to help you modify your behavior and fulfill your ambitions.

Many people use nudges to achieve their goals.

Ndai awng dang ai website gaw tinang a akyang lailen hpe gălai shai lu hkra, tinang byin măyu ai lam ni dik wa hkra kărum ya na mătu, nudge ni hpe kăning rai jai lang mai ai, ngu ai a kăsi rē

Măsha law law gaw tinang a yaw shăda lam ni awng dang na mătu nudge ni hpe jai lang nga ai.

Part 9

States and other institutions should use nudges to encourage wise decisions

Daw 9

Bawnu rawng ai dawdan lam ni hpe n-gun jaw na mătu mungdan asuya ni hte kăga wuhpung ni gaw nudge ni hpe jai lang ging ai

Nudges encourage individuals to make better decisions – and this oen benefits more than just the individual alone. An entire society benefits when the majority of its members make wise decisions. If fewer people smoke or are overweight, healthcare costs decrease – and everybody wins.

Măsha ni grau kăja ai hku dawdan lu hkra nudge ni gaw n-gun jaw ya ai Dai gaw măsha lăngai hkrai hpe akyu byin shăgun ai hta grau ai. Măsha law mălawng bawnu rawnng ai hku dawdan yang shinggyim wuhpung tina a mătu akyu nga ai. Lama na, măsha kăchyi mi sha hkayawm lu ai, nachying hpum ai rai yang, hkamja lam mănu jăhpu yawm wa nna- măsha shăgu akyu hkam sha na rē.

Even though a nudge may cost us something at first, the longer term benefits are generally not long in coming.

In the area of environmental protection, the mere act of instating a public obligation to report carbon

Nudge lăngai hpe, shawng daw de ē, arang kăchyi mi bang ra tim, aten gălu na akyu ara ni hpe kăde n na yang mu lu na rē. Shingra grupyin măkawp măga lam hta, shăwa măsha ni hpe tinang a Carbon shăpraw ai lam tang mădun na lit shătsam ai lam gaw shăwa măsha ni a akyang lailen

emissions has the power to change peoples’ behavior. This obligation doesn’t explicitly forbid companies to exceed a certain limit of pollutant emissions. Instead, it acts as a nudge by creating incentives to voluntarily cut down on emissions (especially because environmentalists frequently use such information to publicly denounce polluters). The reporting obligation thus creates a sort of emission-cutting competition –without using any legal coercion.

hpe gălai ya lu ai atsam nga ai. Ndai lit gaw, kompani ni, tinang a măza arai shăpraw ai lam hpe, măsat da ai shădawn shădang hta n lai jan na mătu adan aleng pat shingdan ai n rē De a mălai, tinang hkum tinang, măza shăpraw ai lam hpe shăyawm na mătu n-gun jaw ai lam ni hpe shăbyin ya ai nudge rai nga ai. (Grau nna, măza shăpraw ai ni hpe mying jăhpoi ai shăloi, shingra măsa ninghkring ni gaw dai information ni hpe jai lang ai măjaw rē.) Dai zawn tang mădun ai lit gaw tăra shang n-gun jaw ai lam n nga ai sha, măza shăyawm shingjawng ai lam hpe shăbyin shătai ya ai.

As the dollar-a-day program shows, nudges can also reduce the amount of unwanted teenage pregnancies. Many young mothers who’ve already had a child as a teenager oen get pregnant again shortly thereaer. In order to tackle this issue, several US cities pay teenage mothers one dollar for every day they don’t get pregnant. This program is actually cheaper for taxpayers than the costs of supporting the children of the young mothers.

Companies also use nudges to keep their customers from making mistakes. If we forget to put on our seat belt in a car, the car beeps at us until we buckle up. If our gas tank is almost empty, a warning light blinks to remind us to stop and fill it up. These little things don’t force us to

Lăni mi lap mi lămang kaw, nudge ni gaw măhkawn aten n ra rawng ai ma hkum kap ai măbyin ni hpe shăyawm ya lu ai. Măhkawn prat kaw kăsha lăngai lu da sai asak kăji ai kănu num kăsha ni gaw, kăde nna yang, kălang mi bai ma hkum kap chyē ai. Ndai manghkang hpe hpăran na mătu, Amerika măre law law hta, asak kăji ai kănu num ni hpe, shanhtē ma hkum n kap ai shăni shăgu a mătu, gumhpraw lap mi jaw ai Ndai lămang gaw, hkanse bang ai mung shăwa ni a mătu, dai kănu num ni a kăsha ni hpe hkan yu lăkawn ai mănu jăhpu hta grau hkyem sa ai. Gunrai mări jai lang ai măsha ni hku nna shut shai ai lam n gălaw hkra, kompani ni mung nudge hpe jai lang ai. Anhtē mawdaw dunghkum shingkyit gyit na mălap yang, shingkyit n gyit dingsang mawdaw nsen shăngoi ya ai. Anhtē a mawdaw dat nsa htung kaw dat nsa n law yang, dat nsa jăhpring na mătu sădi jaw ai wan prip la la htoi wa ai. Ndai zawn rē ai lam ni gaw, mawdaw dunghkum shingkyit gyit na mătu, dat nsa

fasten our seat belts or fill our gas tanks: they do, however, prevent us from accidentally forgetting.

States and other institutions should use nudges to encourage wise decisions.

htung hpe jăhpring na mătu atik anang shăngun shădut nga ai n rē Raitim, ndum shămi mălap măli ai lam n byin hkra măkawp măga ya ai

Bawnu rawng ai dawdan lam ni hpe n-gun jaw na mătu mungdan asuya ni hte kăga wuhpung ni gaw nudge ni hpe jai lang ging ai.

ConclusionHpungdim

They key message of this book is:

People oen make unwise decisions, but the slightest of changes –so-called nudges – can give people incentives to make better decisions. That’s why countries and private institutions should also use nudges.

The questions this book answered:

How and why do we make the wrong decisions?

● We don’t always make decisions that are best for us in the long run.

● We oen make bad decisions based on either too little or overly complex information.

● Human beings act mainly on gut feelings.

● Sometimes we make faulty

Ndai laika buk kaw ahkyak ai măsing hpa ni gaw: Shinggyim măsha ni gaw bawnu n rawng ai hku dawdan chyē ai raitim, nudge ngu ai, kăchyi kăchyaw gălai chyăshai ai lam ni gaw, grau kăja ai hku dawdan lu hkra n-gun jaw ya lu ai. Dai măjaw mungdan asuya ni, dinghkrai wuhpung ni mung nudge ni hpe jai lang ging ai.

Ndai laika buk kaw htai da ya ai gasan ni gaw -

Kăning rai nna, hpa măjaw anhtē ni shut shai ai hku dawdan chyē ai rai?

● Anhtē gaw, anhtē a mătu aten gălu kaw kăja dik ai hku găloi shăgu dawdan ai n rē

● Anhtē gaw grai n law ai, shnr, shuk shănut ai information ni kaw măhta let, shut shai ai hku dawdan chyē ai.

● Shinggyim măsha ni gaw law mălawng hkritung hkamsha myit kaw măhta nna dawdan ai.

● Kălang lang agung alau ni kaw hkrat sum mat

decisions because we succumb to temptation or act without thinking.

● Some companies exploit the human tendency to make the wrong decisions.

How can nudges help us deal with this problem?

● Nudges are subtle changes in context that help us avoid making bad decisions.

● Defaults are highly effective nudges that cause people to automatically do what’s best for them.

● Nudges are most useful when we have too many choices or when the future is at stake.

How can each and every one of us use nudges?

● Many people use nudges to achieve their goals.

● States and other institutions should use nudges to encourage wise decisions.

ai, shnr, law law n myit ai măjaw shut shai ai hku dawdan chyē ai

● Nkau kompani ni gaw shinggyim măsha ni a shut shai ai hku dawdan chyē ai myit hpe akyu jăshawn ai

Ndai manghkang ni hpe hpăran ai lam hta nudge gaw kăning rai kărum ya lu ai kun?

● Nudge ni gaw shut shai ai hku dawdan lam ni hpe koi gam lu hkra, măybin măsa lăngai ngai hpe kăchyi kăchyaw gălai shai dat ya ai lam rē.

● Mădung măhkyen ni gaw, shinggyim măsha ni hku nna shanhtē a mătu kăja dik hpe n dum shămi gălaw lu shăngun ai bungli byin ai nudge ni rē.

● Anhtē kaw lăta la hpa grai law ai aten, shnr, htawng hpang kaw hkrit tsang hpa law ai aten ni kaw nudge ni kaw akyu rawng dik rē.

Nudge ni hpe măsha shăgu kăning rai jai lang mai ai kun?

● Măsha law mălawng gaw tinang yaw shăda ai lam ni awng dang hkra nudge ni hpe jai lang nga ai.

● Bawnu rawng ai dawdan lam ni hpe n-gun jaw ya lu na mătu, mungdan asuya hte kăga wuhpung wuhpawng ni kaw mung jai lang ging ai.