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La hora del depredador Por: Claudio Paolillo
URUGUAY
El tremendo zarpazo lanzado la semana pasada contra la libertad de prensa por el presidente de Ecuador, Rafael Correa, es la concreción de un plan concebido por su gobierno hace ya cuatro años para acabar con toda expresión independiente o crítica en la sociedad andina, que se encamina con prisa y sin pausa hacia un Estado totalitario. La brutal sentencia que Correa consiguió de un juez adicto (casi no hay más independientes) contra los propietarios y un columnista de Diario EL UNIVERSO, condenados a pagarle 40 millones de dólares al presidente y a pasar tres años en la cárcel, es, finalmente, el rostro feroz del poder despótico ejercido por un mandatario que se cree Dios. Fue un fallo “a medida”. En poco más de 30 horas, un juez suplente tomó posesión, presidió el “juicio” (al que el presidente asistió en persona), “estudió” un expediente de más de 5.000 folios, redactó (o le redactaron) una sentencia de 156 páginas y se retiró del cargo. Todo un récord. Y, también, toda una payasada impresentable en cualquier sociedad medianamente civilizada y respetuosa de las libertades básicas de los ciudadanos. Desde que asumió la Presidencia el 15 de enero del 2007, Correa emprendió su cruzada para hundir a la prensa, siguiendo y, en ocasiones, superando los modelos argentino y venezolano. Primero aplicó la fase uno: el desprestigio de medios y periodistas. Abusando de las cadenas de radio y TV (solo en 2009 hubo 233, contra 142 de Hugo Chávez y 100 de Daniel Ortega), repartió insultos de todo tipo. Les llamó “corruptos”, “mediocres”, “mafiosos”, “miserias humanas”, “bestias salvajes”, “brutos”, “racistas”, “discriminadores” y “mentirosos”. Luego vino la etapa del hostigamiento: “escraches”, decenas de acciones judiciales y administrativas, incitación al público a accionar contra los medios, clausuras, incautaciones, allanamientos y aumentos de impuestos. En 2008, el régimen ecuatoriano inició –como en Argentina– un plan para tener su propia red de mensajeros acólitos. Mediante compras directas o indirectas y confiscaciones, Correa cuenta hoy con una veintena de medios: cinco canales de TV (TC Televisión, Gamatv, CN3, CD7 y Ecuador TV), cinco radios (ArturOh, Carrusel, Súper K 800, Universal y Nacional), cuatro revistas (La Onda, El Agro, Samborondón y Valles), tres diarios (El Telégrafo, El Ciudadano y el popular PP) y una agencia de noticias (Andes). Todos repiten el mismo mensaje oficial. Ese año, con la sanción de una nueva Constitución que supuso un giro copernicano respecto al paradigma democrático republicano y liberal, comenzó a construir, paso a paso, un sistema jurídico para acallar “legalmente” a las voces disidentes. La Constitución dice que la información que se difunda debe ser “veraz”, “verificada”, “oportuna”, “contextualizada” y “plural”. Faltaba saber quién decidiría sobre esos “apellidos”. Entonces vino el proyecto de ley de comunicación, que asignó a un Consejo de Comunicación e Información, financiado por el Estado e integrado por allegados al presidente, la potestad de decidir los contenidos periodísticos y editoriales de radios, TV, prensa e internet. El proyecto se trancó en 2009 luego de recibir una severa crítica de la Relatoría de la OEA. Pero Correa estaba decidido a ser el “editor en jefe”. Y en mayo pasado llamó a una “consulta popular” para, mediante preguntas amañadas, conseguirse un “mandato popular” a efectos de plasmar su objetivo. Ahora, el Congreso está en la etapa final para sancionar la ley, que hiere de muerte a la libertad de expresión. Cuando en la tercera semana de julio una misión de la Sociedad Interamericana de Prensa (SIP) llegó a Quito para evaluar in situ la problemática, encontró un panorama desolador: autocensura, amedrentamiento, ataques de todo tipo y hasta temor entre estudiantes de periodismo. La misión se fue con la sensación de que la pelea está perdida en el interior de Ecuador y que solo podrá ser ganada fuera de fronteras, apelando a los organismos supranacionales de derechos humanos. El 15 de junio, Correa había anunciado: “Gracias a Dios, yo soy colegislador, puedo presentar vetos y emitiré mi opinión para que los medios no puedan decidir qué información emiten o no”. Efectivamente. Con la condena contra EL UNIVERSO, la tarea de demolición ya empezó.
(*) El autor es copresidente de la Comisión de Libertad de Prensa e Información de la SIP y director del semanario uruguayo Búsqueda.
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