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La hora del depredador Por: Claudio Paolillo
URUGUAY
El tremendo zarpazo lanzado la semana pasada contra la libertad de prensa por el presidente de Ecuador, Rafael Correa, es la concreciĂłn de un plan concebido por su gobierno hace ya cuatro aĂąos para acabar con toda expresiĂłn independiente o crĂtica en la sociedad andina, que se encamina con prisa y sin pausa hacia un Estado totalitario. La brutal sentencia que Correa consiguiĂł de un juez adicto (casi no hay mĂĄs independientes) contra los propietarios y un columnista de Diario EL UNIVERSO, condenados a pagarle 40 millones de dĂłlares al presidente y a pasar tres aĂąos en la cĂĄrcel, es, finalmente, el rostro feroz del poder despĂłtico ejercido por un mandatario que se cree Dios. Fue un fallo “a medidaâ€?. En poco mĂĄs de 30 horas, un juez suplente tomĂł posesiĂłn, presidiĂł el “juicioâ€? (al que el presidente asistiĂł en persona), “estudiĂłâ€? un expediente de mĂĄs de 5.000 folios, redactĂł (o le redactaron) una sentencia de 156 pĂĄginas y se retirĂł del cargo. Todo un rĂŠcord. Y, tambiĂŠn, toda una payasada impresentable en cualquier sociedad medianamente civilizada y respetuosa de las libertades bĂĄsicas de los ciudadanos. Desde que asumiĂł la Presidencia el 15 de enero del 2007, Correa emprendiĂł su cruzada para hundir a la prensa, siguiendo y, en ocasiones, superando los modelos argentino y venezolano. Primero aplicĂł la fase uno: el desprestigio de medios y periodistas. Abusando de las cadenas de radio y TV (solo en 2009 hubo 233, contra 142 de Hugo ChĂĄvez y 100 de Daniel Ortega), repartiĂł insultos de todo tipo. Les llamĂł “corruptosâ€?, “mediocresâ€?, “mafiososâ€?, “miserias humanasâ€?, “bestias salvajesâ€?, “brutosâ€?, “racistasâ€?, “discriminadoresâ€? y “mentirososâ€?. Luego vino la etapa del hostigamiento: “escrachesâ€?, decenas de acciones judiciales y administrativas, incitaciĂłn al pĂşblico a accionar contra los medios, clausuras, incautaciones, allanamientos y aumentos de impuestos. En 2008, el rĂŠgimen ecuatoriano iniciĂł –como en Argentina– un plan para tener su propia red de mensajeros acĂłlitos. Mediante compras directas o indirectas y confiscaciones, Correa cuenta hoy con una veintena de medios: cinco canales de TV (TC TelevisiĂłn, Gamatv, CN3, CD7 y Ecuador TV), cinco radios (ArturOh, Carrusel, SĂşper K 800, Universal y Nacional), cuatro revistas (La Onda, El Agro, SamborondĂłn y Valles), tres diarios (El TelĂŠgrafo, El Ciudadano y el popular PP) y una agencia de noticias (Andes). Todos repiten el mismo mensaje oficial. Ese aĂąo, con la sanciĂłn de una nueva ConstituciĂłn que supuso un giro copernicano respecto al paradigma democrĂĄtico republicano y liberal, comenzĂł a construir, paso a paso, un sistema jurĂdico para acallar “legalmenteâ€? a las voces disidentes. La ConstituciĂłn dice que la informaciĂłn que se difunda debe ser “verazâ€?, “verificadaâ€?, “oportunaâ€?, “contextualizadaâ€? y “pluralâ€?. Faltaba saber quiĂŠn decidirĂa sobre esos “apellidosâ€?. Entonces vino el proyecto de ley de comunicaciĂłn, que asignĂł a un Consejo de ComunicaciĂłn e InformaciĂłn, financiado por el Estado e integrado por allegados al presidente, la potestad de decidir los contenidos periodĂsticos y editoriales de radios, TV, prensa e internet. El proyecto se trancĂł en 2009 luego de recibir una severa crĂtica de la RelatorĂa de la OEA. Pero Correa estaba decidido a ser el “editor en jefeâ€?. Y en mayo pasado llamĂł a una “consulta popularâ€? para, mediante preguntas amaĂąadas, conseguirse un “mandato popularâ€? a efectos de plasmar su objetivo. Ahora, el Congreso estĂĄ en la etapa final para sancionar la ley, que hiere de muerte a la libertad de expresiĂłn. Cuando en la tercera semana de julio una misiĂłn de la Sociedad Interamericana de Prensa (SIP) llegĂł a Quito para evaluar in situ la problemĂĄtica, encontrĂł un panorama desolador: autocensura, amedrentamiento, ataques de todo tipo y hasta temor entre estudiantes de periodismo. La misiĂłn se fue con la sensaciĂłn de que la pelea estĂĄ perdida en el interior de Ecuador y que solo podrĂĄ ser ganada fuera de fronteras, apelando a los organismos supranacionales de derechos humanos. El 15 de junio, Correa habĂa anunciado: “Gracias a Dios, yo soy colegislador, puedo presentar vetos y emitirĂŠ mi opiniĂłn para que los medios no puedan decidir quĂŠ informaciĂłn emiten o noâ€?. Efectivamente. Con la condena contra EL UNIVERSO, la tarea de demoliciĂłn ya empezĂł.
(*) El autor es copresidente de la ComisiĂłn de Libertad de Prensa e InformaciĂłn de la SIP y director del semanario uruguayo BĂşsqueda.
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