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5. Match the Latin term for each type of tooth with its English translation: 1. dens lacteus 2. dens caninus 3. dens premolaris* 4. dens incisivus 5. dens permanens * 6. dens molaris *
a) molar tooth b) incisor tooth c) permanent tooth d) milk tooth e) premolar tooth f) canine tooth
* 3rd declension adjectives; see Chapter 12 for more
6. Form the phrases using the prepositions given and translate: propter + sanatio + caries + dens ante + extractio + dens + incisivus, a, um contra + canalis + nutricius, a, um in + pars + dexter, tra, trum sine + febris et tussis post + mensis
7. Complete the wordsearch exercise: D
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K
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D
P
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Q
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N
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canalis dens auris sitis animal pars mens rete frons
8. Translate into Latin: deep decays of milk teeth lesion of the external part of the organ
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next to the nutrient canal root of the tooth wound of the skin after fever and cough fracture of the sacral bone inside the nail
9. Use the context to determine the grammatical number of the highlighted words and note the cases: Phrase
Case
Number
in fronte laesa rete venosum laesio vasorum sine tussi chronica canales nutricii operatio radicum dentium menses in cursu fracturae ossium
PHRASES TO REMEMBER a capillis usque ad ungues ab ore ad aurem fletus et stridor dentium Amor tussisque non celatur. cutis anserina Cutis quando prurit, scabies intrinsecus urit. Sero venientibus ossa.
from the hair to the nails; thoroughly from the mouth to the ears; privately weeping and gnashing of teeth Neither love nor cough can be hidden. goose bumps / goosebumps When there’s an itch on your skin, be sure of scabies therein. Bones for those who come late. The early bird catches the worm.
NB To repeat, the main difference (in contrast to imparisyllabic nouns) is in the gen. pl. (-ium). However, not all the nouns mentioned appear in the gen. pl. in medical terminology. The following are the most important plural endings to remember:
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auris, is, f. unguis, is, m. pars, partis, f. dens, dentis, m. os, ossis, n.
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gen. pl. aurium gen. pl. unguium gen. pl. partium gen. pl. dentium gen. pl. ossium
MEMORIZING NOUN GENDER Diminutives are words derived from a root word, modified to convey a lesser degree of the root word. These forms are very frequent in medical terminology. Examples: lobus = lobe → lobulus = small lobe (diminutive) arteria = artery → arteriola = small artery (diminutive) Diminutives in Latin always have the same gender as the nouns they are derived from: tuber – tuberculum → neuter n cutis – cuticula → feminine n auris – auricula → feminine n venter – ventriculus → masculine n
If we do not know the diminutive and the nom. sg. ending does not help either, it is advisable to remember the noun in a phrase with an adjective of the 1st and 2nd declensions: n n paries internus phalanx media n n tendo calcaneus os zygomaticum
VOCABULARY LATIN
ENGLISH
Neuter nouns
Masculine Nouns canālis, canālis, m.
canal
dēns, dentis, m.
tooth
mēnsis, mēnsis, m.
month
pl. mēnsēs, ium, m. unguis, unguis, m. unguis incarnātus
menstruation, period
rēte, rētis, n.
network
calcar, calcāris, n.
spur (a small boney anatomical prominence)
os, ossis
bone
os sacrum
sacrum (the segment of the vertebral column forming part of the pelvis)
nail ingrown nail
Feminine Nouns
os ischiī (gen.)
ischium
auris, auris, f.
ear
os pūbis (gen.)
pubic b.
cutis, cutis, f.
skin
os īlium
iliac b.
febris, is, f.
fever
os lūnātum
lunate b.
tussis, is, f.
cough
os hāmātum
hook-shaped bone
pelvis, pelvis, f.
pelvis
os capitātum
capitate b.
frōns, frontis, f.
forehead
os trapezoīdeum
trapezoid bone
mēns, mentis, f.
mind
os scaphoīdeum
scaphoid bone
pars, partis, f.
part
os trapezium
trapezium
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