ROME, exactly describd as to the present state of it under Pope Alexandre the Seventh in two curious by FUNDACIÓN JUANELO TURRIANO

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E X A C T L Y

As to the Prefen t State o f it, Under A L E X AND The Seventh.

In Two Curious DISCOUITSES* Written Originally in Italian, an4 Tranfluted into Englifh. LON'DOI^ j Printed by T. hlabb, for Micb. 'i'oung, at the blew Bible in Covent tiorden; and ■' J . at the Mitre near Tewp/c B.ir, and fl. Pl^yfere, at the white Bear in the tippet' Walk in tlie '¡gew Exck.mge, i ^ 6 /^.

A New

As to the©overnment o f the City ;

The Noble

Families thereohThe Revenue and Expences of the Pope; The Courts of Juftice ; The Of fices ; The Congregations of Cardinals, and other fParticularsvery Curious.

Taken out ofone of the Choicefi: Cabinets a f Rome\¡ and Eng^ lift’d by Gio.Torriano, an Italian^ and ProFeflbr of the iMum Tongue. Printed by T. M éh, for John Starkey at the ii/ire between the middle Temple*gace and Tem ple-Bar, in tUetJirect, 1 6 6 4 .

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T O T H E

Truly A FFECTIONATE, UNTO

THE

Italian 3 \ C J T I 0 3 ^ , A N D

î^ A ü ^ g u A q E .

Haye made it my hu-> ßnefs eyer ßnce ins Aiajeßies moß hieß fed and gjoriom \ e I

jtaiiràtion^ to range our ^FroyerbSj FronerhiuH Adetaphors and Drol ling Smilies into à facile and ready ^Method for prefent fearch and.perufal^when occafonpjould ferve, hejonfany M eìhoà y et extant. And accoi to ^et the ymo aye 'rfejje n by way of SubIcnptioiis, a M eihM tenJed by fever al o f Atiy Dettefs, in Dooky^ o f

'great

great'Bulk,:» huhour and Coji; 'Em before I had gotten together thirty pounds yphtch is not the tenth part of the charge^ {though 1 metWithnorepulfes^ in regard it took^ up moft of my time; 1 declined that If^ay , and undertoo\ { pnce Engaged ) to Trim it forthwith^ upon myoWn account^for it was impofsible for me to con^ ditionwith anyStationer^ the whole Qopy not be'

A 4

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in^ ready to be p jo M , { as yet there being hm three farts of four done') and alfoby rea^ fon of fic^nefS:, or morta lity^uncertain tofinilh /V; This fm allTeice finceo fiay yery lately coming to my Hands^ and being of Italian Concern^ though not as to the Language^ yet as to the 3\(jition I thought it fignijkant to Tranjlate it^ that it might ferveas a Trepa^ ta m e unto the othersfor

of federal Vroferbiall Traditions that way con^ cern Rome, or other farts 0/ Italy. Such m haDeperfonally been trd^ yelled tn Italy^ ffeciaUy Rome ; Iprefume whfl needs he deltpfted in tt^ as being a help unto their Memory s in federal par ticulars and others upon feyer.al other accounts, Iha^e kept Terra T e r ra in the Tranpdtion^ fowtething near the fhore of

0 / the Letter, becaufe hein^ ^arrattyejt ypould not fo ypell admit of any jeïting QHt into ^araphrajes^ or other FI ohrtjhes. InFtne^ the fubje& hàth need of no P a tronage 3 being able to î> uje HP it felfe as Hé?fCîd^.butthe ‘Franjlati. ” Stidi as h ire alrea on may hàye need ofyour dy fubfaibcdjwlicn Pardon^for thameannefi the book is fiiiilht {hill of it^ and that 1 tfufi have a punAiial return and win yec< you Jpül not T>eny mto iliall fabfcribe be fore the book be finiflitjtkc like.

Tour Gio. Torrîano.

The Authtu'^ A D V E R T I S E M E,N T !T o

th e

R ea d er.

Relation ¿ohtain^ the Government of the City of Rome, The Revenues both certain and un ’ certain of the Pope; The Names and Dignities of all the Houfes and Fainilics which have or pretend to Titles of Nobility ; and wherein their Eftates cOnfiftThe State and Dcfcriptioii efthe Dafe'ry and Chancery. The

his

Tile Forme,Quality and Num-i ber of Courts of Juftice ; to-i gechei with their manner of adminiftrating o f Juftice. The Names,Value, and Rerenue of | all the Offices; as well falable as not. A Difcouric o f the Congregations o f Cardinals. The Qualities, Wages, and ■ Salaries, of the fevcral Officers I of the Popes Houic; alfb the^ Ceremony which is obierved ^ in the payment o f Kents, T r i-1 butes and Homages due unto [ the Holy .See, and other par ticulars, very Curious. TheKeader may bepleafed to take notice, that the fumms fpecified in the prefent Kelati* on, arc computed according to the

thè currant Coyne o f Romsy c/ix. By Crownsand Baiocco's. One Teftone is worth three Jil,iio*s, and every Julio i$ ■worth ten Baiocco*«, and by coniequence, one Crown is worth three Teftons and ten Baiocco*«. S o much hath been thought neceiTary to be ipecified hete fot thè fatisfa8;ion of iuch as ha ve not thè knowledg of that Coyne. ib is may be obfer^ueá^ that an Engliih CrewH and an Itali* an Crown k all one^ An Engliih Jlxpence and a Julio a ll om.

Books

^ooks Printed for and fold by JohoStarkejt /ffti&i Mitre,¿fiw’ixi the tnidle G ate,««i Temple-Bàr in Fleet-ftreec, folio's,

He Voyages and Travels o f the Duke of Hoffieim Ambafladors in to Miifcovy, ‘Tartarjij and Perfja, begun in the year 1635* and finiftitit i 6 0 l con taining, a, coinpleac Hyftory'of thofe Countries; whereto are added the Tra vels of John Albert de Mandelflo from TerjpÆinco the Enfi Indies, begun in 1638, gnd finiiht in 1 6 4 0 . the whole il]u(lrate4 with divers accurate Maps and Figures, and written by Adam Olearm Secretary tq cheEmbaffy. "ïhe world Surveyed^ot the famous Voyagesand Travels of Vincent de Blanc o i i^affeillesyinto the Eafi and Wefi Indies, Ferfia, Peru, Fez, Morocco, Guimj, aqd through all A fricaf and the Trincipaî j?roVinces of Earf^f, T ... APrafticaland Pqletpical Corpnien^ tary, or ExpoStion lipori the third and fourth Chapters of the latter Epiiftleof SaintP/ia? to by Ihoma

Half '

‘

D. ‘

Brevias

. Brévia ’juàkialia^ox zn Exaft Colleôion or approved forme of ali forms of ail forts of Judicial W rites in the Com mon-Bench , together with their re turns, by Brownlow. Jhefauri^ [revium, or a Colleaion or approved forme o f Original and JudicraJW rittsin the Kings Bench, with their fpecial Direftions, by J . C. Aftionupon the Cafe for Slander, or a Methodical Colleâionofthoufandsof Cafes in the Law, o f what words are Aftionable, and what nor, hy William Shepheard, Efq; GaiUn^ Difplay o f Heialdry. Blundeh Treatife o f the Sybells. Quartos. Lawfom Politica S/?cr« ^ Civilis, or a model of Civil 8t Eccleiiailical Govern ment. The Hiilory o f Gavelkind with the Etymology thereof, containing a vindica tion of the Laws of England^ together with a ihort Hiflory o f William the Con quer or, by 7"Æy/iir. OSavo's, An Hift orical and Geographical defeription o f the great Country and River of the Amaztnes in America \ with an exaft

a& Map thereofjT ranflated put o f french. The Shepherds Paradice,^ Paftbraljby Walter Hiountague. Aminta^ the famous Italiam Paftoral, tranflated into E»gl^. flowdens Queries, or a fJloot-Bool{, of choice Cafes in the Common-Law, Engliihed, methodized, and enlarged by, H. B. An Exad[ Abridgment o f all the Sta tutes in force and ufe,made in the i ¿ ‘h. 17**’.and 18'*'. of King Charlt the firft. and in the 15»^. and of King the fécond, viz. from the 4*^^. of Jan. 164Î. to the of Feir. 166*3. by William Hughes^ Efq;. finche't Difeourfe of the Law in four books. Fngl. ^ho. Hall Apologia pro Minifterio Evangelico, ------ Tranflation of the febond book of Cvids Metamorph. -------Treatife againft the Millenaries.

Tipelvei,

7 ho. Hookas VUflellanies in Divinity.

A New r e l a t i

O F

ROME. bMEi

Is Scituated twelve Miles fromthe Thufcim Sea, and thirty miles from the' Appcaia Mountain, oh that fide which extends it felf into the Abru-^pio, being ever corere<l with Snow, which ferv’ sfor a Refreihtnent unto the City all the Summer long. It is waiht with the tyber, a Famous River, but more famous in regard of the Imperial City, then for any Greatnefle it hath, or any other B fionirderabls

Ä New Relation confiderable Property. It.fpnngsacthefoocof tte Jppenß on the Timfcin fide, and very near unto the Söurfe of Armii, in fo much that all Winter, the Ateiféis hf thdfe two Rivers coming to fwell, do joync their Strèafns to a waft de triment, not onely to the Neighbouring Cquiitryes, but alfo to ths very Cities themfelves, , and P//i. The Grad Du{e, Ferdiitaiid, the firft o f that Narafe, vrfro was no wayes a Friend to Pope Ckinent the 8rb, that he might do him a difpleafurc, and benefit his own State ; caufed to be built in tlie Plains of Are<i;^o where thofe wa ters joyn’ d, certain Banks, with great W alls 'to fuptort them5 that fo they might.run either into theVifr-tj or i n t o a f f o r d i n g as the conveniehEy of Thuj^ixy might require. Afi'd by ibat means it cante. to. puli', thap, thofe Banks having been opened by the l3 ukes Order a little before Chriftraas Anno Vom. 1599. On the night of dwt Feftival, in which punftually the Year of Jubilie waste begin, for the opening o f the which, Pope Clemont was purpofely refiirn’ d from Fen;«'«, KsmTiiftéred an Inundafion like untò aDeluge, which caufed the death of ah infinite of Cattel. in the Fields, and droivhdcd abundance of People in the City,forafmuch as that Flood came fo on the fuddcn,that ft was Very difficult for any to efcape. Cldr>Knt\\\t B;i),had not time to revenge himf&if .of that injury but Pu/dche jib who fucfeedêd him after having fent unto him; (tliough i.n vain} fcveral Prelates) atlaft he fent üîotfgsor PlfoÆi. /who afterwards was Cardinal} wnu with me affift.inc: of three h u n ie J Souldiejs,-

of R O M E. iiersi aiid five hundred Pioners , iii the fcry fight of the Grand Dufecs Deputies, caufdl thole Walls to be levcf*d j Cnee which time, Komi hath not been fubjeft to any Inundations in winter time, and the Tiki'hath ever had water enough to Carry die Boaçes and Velîêls which come to Rome. The Pope is abfolute Lord, as well ¡ J the Tempotal as of the Spirituali, all over the State Ecclefiaftical; Neverthelefs with fomereflnftion of Au thority in fonie Cities, byreafonof the Priviledges which have been granted them, or which they have teferv’d unto themfelves, when they became Sùbjefts to' the Holy See. And Rome, though 'flié hath fome, or {hould have many, render him obedience as to an abfolute Prince that governs her by she means of feveral Courts of Juilice. Th efirftisth atof thè Auditour of the Chamber, who piirchafcs his place at fouifcore thoufand Crowns, and brings him in yearly twelve thoufand Crowns ; He intermedles with caufes by Appeal fidm the Places and Cities of his Province^ which is tile Campania of Rome, and in the firft place with thofe of Rome. . He hintfelf judgeth the tnoft important ones; but for the reft,'and/or the proceedings iii Law, he refers them to the adminiftration of two Deputies j He judgeth alfo in Criminal Caufesb- ■ ver Strangers, having tei that purpofe a Lievetenant Crirainai. From Sentences of the Auditor of the Chamber, appeal is made to the Signature of Juftice, which is a Court of Juftice, whereof a Cardinal is ever Prefident, and out of the moft confiderable of the Colledge in 1661 i Cardinal Sacchetti, perform’d that Difice^ ami the Popes, tirbtm the 9th, and Çlemçiit É i ' 'ih a

A NeiP Kelation

‘ heSife. both of them held the fame Office^ durin» their fereral CardinaKhips. He who is their Prefi-* dent hath for his Affiftants a great number (but un limited) of Prelates, which are called Referendarii Tkile Sigiumre, della. Gratia, & della Giuftitia, ambngft which there arc twenty, which are called, Vflcanti de jlgmtura, who give twelve thoufand Crowns for their Places; When as Caufes are come to their Court, the Parties prefent a lift of the Judges of whom they have no fufpition, among which there is chofen a Spafces-man, who having fet his Caufe in good order^ declares the fame before the Cardinall Prefident, and the reft of the Prelates, who give final Judgement,if it exceed not five hundred Crowns, but when it doth exceed,one may appeal from their Sen tence unto the Kota, The Prefident of the Signatura buyeth not his Place ; and it is to be obferv’ d> that not any which arc pofleft by Cardinals, are faleable. The Kota is a Court of Jufiice,confifting of twelve Prelates, their Places are worth at the kaft unto each of them, two thoufand Ctovms per amum (befides the great Benefices which they obtain of his Holinefs, ) but they buy them not; They come by Nomination, one by the Emperour, one by the King of FMMEe,onebythe King oi.Spaia , one by the Common Wealth of yenicr, the King of Kn-gland had the nominating of one by Courfe, the King of Poted may likevvife, but he negleftsit; the others are taken out of feveral Cities of Italy who have that priviledge, neverthelefs at the Popes choyce, who places therein whom he beft likes, pro vided he be of one of thofe Cities. That Couit rakes notice, by appeal, of all Civil Caufo of the Talks, of d)ofe of the Chiirch-nicn , and of all that

»/ROME.

that concern Matrimony or Benefices from alj part* ef the World, who acknowledge the Holy Sec, and who have no Indulgence or fpecial Licenfe for to decide them before their own Judges. There is no Appeal from Sentences which the Rota hath once pronounced. The Governour of Kome is a Judge of Criminal Caufes j but for to take himfelf oiF for the moft part of the care j He hath under him four Criminal Judges, from whdm they Appeal to himfelf; yet'fo, neverthelefs as tliat the firft Sentences o f thofe four Judges feem Soveraign, and that the Governour doth nothing but rtvew the Caufe. It is to be obferved, that they never condemn to dye, if the cri minal (though convided by fufficlent W itneilb) confefs not his crime with his own mouth, Torture however is given him proportionable to the greatnefs of hi? Crime, and the convidipn o f the Witneilcs and thence is Tent to do Penance. ’■ ^ The Governour takes notice alfo of Civil Caufes where the Salaries of Woik-nien or Servants are concern d, and of differences wliich arife twixt Ma ilers and Servants. The C}ergy-Mcn own for Judges the Cardinall Vicar of the Pope as Biihop of KomCj he hath under him three Officers ; The firft, with Title cf Vice-' prent, who is alwayes a Biffiop, towhofe care it belongs to give Orders to govern Mosaftfies, Pariffics, and other fuch like Churches, and Fundions. The fccond isa Prelate, nota Bifliop, with the T i tle of Lievetenant of, the V icar; to whom the cog nizance of Juditiary Caufes belone. The third is over the Crimes of the Church-rn'en of Rome,- with the Title of Judge criminal of the Vicar, under whofe fubjeflion are Prieils, Monks, N uns, Courtezans , B 3 and

A New Rélatka ahd Jew s, ib that, that Court is very gieat, for there are abundance of thofe People in Rome •> thè Qhurches though , and Monafteties which have T i tles, or which have the Proceftion of fome Cardinal, achnowlecie th atT itu kt Cardinal or Proteflor for their Ju(Tge, having an Indulgency to that pUrpofe granted them, Btfides the Courts aforefaid. the 'Kormn People have a peculiar one in the Capitol, which taketh cog nizance of CauTes amongft Citizens, and others which depend on the Senate with Authority, as well in the Civil as in the Criminal. This Court is compofed of one Senator, two Collaterals, and pne Judge Criminal, all which do judge each apart.. They meet twice a week, and chat Court is called jinitimento, to which ap^al U riiade frOmSehtcnces r . I Vx _ _1 which thofe Judges Lhave given in priVatej and rfrom the Sentences of that Court Or, Affettamipo Appeal is midt unto a M'agiftrat'e cjléd Cupi’im o del Jp~ j^Uatmi, and fretp him Appeal may be made.again to the Seiiatou'r,which feems the moil intricateft pro ceeding in the World. All thefe Officers have Lodgings in the Capitol. The People alfo in the fame Capitol have their ConferVators, appointed formerly, for to have care of the good Government of the City ; But it hath been, taken frolli them in great part, for lìnee the erciling of Clarks of the Chamber, whp create am'ong thcmfelvcs the Prtfeft of the AnnoM or o f the Corn, and fuch like Offices which in former times were ail in the hands of the People, ther’ s nothing lift them, but onely to provide that the Bakers, Eutcheis, and Fiflimongers, andFruiterers have their bieafurcs jiiil. , The C Ì 7 of Rom is divided into founeen Wards

o/ROMP. Regions^ as;hsy caiU them by, a, cgriitp: word, ponf. Near unon the Feftiyal, pf Chitilnias they patinan Llrite the names of diypfs Ci'ti;sfits , feme for Conferyatorsj .otfes for Capépiopij pr heads of the Region according to the guglity pf the Perfon, and the firft Names that are drjyrn ope pf that Urn.e, are admitted into íffcr having falten the Qath of Allegiance unto the Pope. The :Coi)fervficors are three,' yyho foye a .fnarth /^flbeiate 3 in equjll power with tjiem , jvho is the Principal pf the Cijppripni , ejefted ajnpncft them with great ^rpm ony’ s, and as they arp evermmdfpll of Grandeurs paft, they fulifcribe thenif felves ftill Confuís, as if they were fubrogated unto the Ancients. They have a yery fair Palace in the Ca.picole, ar dom’d with Statues, and very Beautiful Piftiires, where they aflcmble rhemfelves, once or twice a week for to give audience, and pnthpfe dayes they eat together, niaking a fumptuops Banquet, where they envite their Friends, ?pd arc ferv’d by the Qfr Ecers of the Magiftrate , Cup-bearer, Efqtiires, Stewards, Copies, Footmen and Others.! They en joy^ five or fix good Towns with great Revenues, vyhich they coniiime in that expence^ Under the Palace of the Cpnfctv.atoir:, every kind o f Trade hath a Confuí ; where accorint is given of what is ti anfafted by each. The Capitol hath another Magiñrate called, I; - Vkcerc, who judgeth of the fatisfadions which are to be given to fuch as have been offended, either in word or deed. That Office amongft the Romiins was executed by the 7lí.'íg;/írr Equitmn, and ev’n to this veryday, he isílillAfa/íraei/í^iárií, which is in truth an Office very Pious, but little praftis’ d. B 4. Them

A New Relation

There is alio in the Capitol, another Magiftracy of four Marfhals, who in the times that the Kamns retain’d as yet fome fnaall Authority, ‘ com manded their Troops in the Field; but fince that the ordering o f Peace and War is wholly iji the Po<vcr of the Pope, that Office is no longer given unto men of the Militia, but onely unto young Gentlenacn, info Biuch that there is /lOthing left themj but the naked name, and without any Power. The fame hath hapued unco the Office of the Prefed df Rom, who forinerly hath govern’d that City, under the Emperourt, i yery long time after Conflcoitme, whence one may difeerne the va nity of the pretended Donation made by that Emperour; In fine, that Office hath no longer any fundion , and I do extreamly wonder, that the Popes have not as well fuppreft the Name thereof as the Power, fince it ftill ffiews in Rom: the ImperialP Authority, whence ! c proceeded. Rome hath as yet another Magiftrate, which is not made by the Capitol, nor by the Roman People, but by the Prince,' fig . Two Mailers of the Wayes, who as well witliin as without the City, have a care of the Wayes, of the Bridges, of the 'Walls and Publitjtie Buildings, and who judge of the confines of Inheri tances. That Office is ever confirt’ d upon Gentle men of the firft Nobility, in Years, and of a good Repute, it was called by the Ancients t/fiddifitf, and thofe who did cxercife it ^dUes, of whofe Edids we have a full Title in the Codex. They have likewife a Care of . tlie Aejuidtids and Fountains of Rome, which are in very great number, but I fliall not deferibe them here, any more then the reft of the R a rities, and Antiquities of the City,forafmuchas they aredifeourftof fufficiently at length in the Books ex tant of the Wonders pf AiW. Of

ofh,OME.

Of the Vrinc 'ifd Fami lies of R O M E. T ' H E Principal Pamilics of Rome, are thofc -*■ of the UTfini’s, and of the Colonm’s, declared to be fuch by Sixtiis ¿¿imtfis, who gave them place in the Chappelj near the Papal Throne, among the Royal Ambafladoars; but the Conti’ s, and the SaveUi’s do not any wayes fubrait thimfclves unto that Declarationj impugning the fame as wicked, and naázhy Sixtus ]^uiiUus, becaufehehad contrafted Alliance with both thofe - Families, indeed both of them are of a very Illuftrioiis Nobility, and from feyeral Ages, and both of them do evidence t hat they áre come from Germany ; But for to iircak in the fti ft place ot that of the Urjl?ti, the Duke oi Brauiano Chief of the«/;^/i’ s,’'\iroduccth indeed a Pedigree t'hich derives his Family from Germany, but not that which makes him deriye ftom Italy, for fear perhaps that lie' might not find his. Account in Sanfowno, .who writes not very favourably of the UiJi.o’s, And « the Co iti’s and the Savelli’s wijl not give up the Precedency unto the ifrjino’s, and unto the Collunno’ s in Lke manner the Urfiao’ s 'and the Colotma’i do not ttgree among themfelves, not being willing to . ftand to the decrees of Sixtus Quintus, who orders chat jhe eldeft of them ought to precede the other; which ifthccau'fe that when the Chief of the urfi.o’ s is eldcif,-

A Nerp Kelatfon

cUefV, ColomiL never appears in the Popes Chappel, and reciprocally, when Colonna is eldeft5 U’ffinì never appears there. The Grandeur of that Family of U'rfi/ih appears fufficieiitly in that, that the Kings of Naples^ and the Grand Dukes of Thufitny have oft married their Daughters untp them ; The Romans for the moil part give it the Precedency , bécaufe that it is the firft mentioned in the Statutes of Rome^ whereas upgn the Alphabetical account,that of the Coloitna’s ihould be mentioned before it. The Chief of the Family of the 'Urfrni’ s is the Duke pf BMcdiTva, formerly known by the nainp d the Duke of Sa-nto Semini ; tor he was fo ftil’d before the Death of Don Paulo Giordano his eldeft Brotheri not long lìnee deceafed without Children Legitimate He is Father é the Cardinal Urfi/ii, and of the Dufa of Meruii ; who is married to a Lady fufnewhat ii years, by whom he hath not, nor never will hav( children; And pf Hon Lelio, who is unmarried; He poflefleth eighteen or twenty good Towns, whicli bring him in well near an hundred and forty thop fand crowns of Revenue, but the excefllve libetalitj of his faid eldeft Brotlier Von Paolo Giardano, and cl Von Virginia his Fatlicr, and of his Graiid-fathfl alfo, Von Paolo Giordano, have left him yery maiij Debts to pay, inftead of ready money, whereby t< make himfelf greater.The Dukes of Pctigliano, and c ¡lontc Rotondo did make up two other Branches, bt they are extimft no: long linee. The Duke of G’H ■ aina in the Kingdom of Naples is of tliera alfo, the« he poflefleth forty thoufand crowns yearly Revenut and hath Children as well as the Duke of Jmatriii who is of the fame Family of the///yfni’ s, and« Prifoner in the Calile Sii'/fo/i/rge/ff, for having kil' ' IcJ

o / R O M E.

Jed his Wife the Siflcr of Cardin 4 C u p n ïlïi Ic recméth that the Name 'mfm of that Family is corrupted of for they bare â Rofe in their Arhies, and libewife in Germany they call him of imberg', which fignifies à Mount of Ro;e.'. They hear abçut their Scutcheon two Rears which fupporc itj which is not feen in thofe of Geraway, an evident Argument, of fiqn}ydcation of Rojino in U'i'fi.à. As to the Family of the ColanjtiCh competitor with that of the itrjîni^s as well in Grandeur as in Nobi lity ; it alfo boaftatiiat it came from Gi'i'VMity, hut that is certain, that if it did come from theitf?! .hathhpt brought thence chat Name, for ft natli affum’d jt from a froall Town hear Eowic'called Coloma, ?nd fo we read in the Hiftory of Cola of K:enx^, G'mmm and Scifn-ii of the Cplonm, who are there honai’nated j Forarmiich as that Sciaitii of the f i /Ófs’i! gave a found box on the car upw C:ovit>tnioî the Colomu his C'otiicn in the Senate, as being great Adyerfaries, where it appears that they have nOt gi ven the Name tp the Town, but have taken it from It,' as the Rarmÿ the Cip and otheis. Thofe of that Fami}vfay'j that they can (hew Titles of above fevt'n hundred Years ijtanding ; but it is certain that in the year, nine'-htindred ninety five? there was not any cognizahec in Kime, either of the or of the Cilgngii’Si becaiife M dî Spinii and Albert,’, Hiñoi'iansof that Age, fttting dpwn all the Noble Fami lies of Rome', which did adhere unto Pope 'Grego’iy, and to the Anti-Vope ^om, created by the means o f t)cyre?ff/í0 Citizen of Kai»e, dividing them, as it were into two Clafles, make no mention neither of the'àij/Bi’ snorof ihe bteviia's , an evident rïoof, that they were hot as yet in or elfe that they Were certain Pcjfcns whereof little or no account wrs ' made

A Nen> Relation

made of i but be it as it willj their greatnefs appear? fufficiently, in that of a long time, there hath been no Peace made betwixt the Italitut Princes, but the Heads of thofe Families have been comprehended therein. This rioufe of the Coloma’s is divided into feveral Branches, whereof the firft is that of the Dukes of Pdiano who are aifo Princes of Marine, and of many other Towns, as well in the State Ecclefiafik^, as in the Kingdom of Naples^ Tire Cardinal icolanna is the eldeft ; He poflêflèth above a hundred thoufand Crowns Revenue, as well in Lands, as in ChurchLivings, which have been conferr’ d upon him by urban the 8ih, by reafon of the Alliance which Boa TadiO Barberini, that Popes Nephew, contraifed with him in Marrying Dovia Anna Colonha his Sifler. The fécond is Monpgiqr Colonna, who had borne Armes in Germany, and in Flanders under the Name of Duke of Marfi, and after many Exployts, at length turn d Monk of the order of St. Bennets, whence to with draw him, becaufe he proved troublcfome to all the reft of the Monks j he was made Billrop ill VarttbvA. The third is Don Mare Antonio Co lonna formerly Married unto a Sicilian, of whom he had two male children, Don lasrenr^ , ready for Mar riage, and Do» Fi&ppodefigned for the Church, and five Daughters, whereof the Eldeft is Married unto Duke Sfinola of Genova, and the other four are ei ther Nunns or defign’d to be fo. He ftiles himfelf Duke of Valiano, Prince of Marino count of Tagliacoxybo, and High Conftable of the Kingdome o f M -

plcs.

The fcond Branch, which formerly was the firft, is that of the Dukes of Cartoniano, the Father d hjn who is yet living, was Prince of M iflrha, which

of R O M E

Ï3

which he fold unco the Barbams, to the end that he might live plentifully. They poflèflè ftill well near five arid thirty thoufand crowns Revenue, and’ they fave as much as they can. His Elded Son, who is a Church-manj hath bought an Office of Clark of the Chamber j The fécond is called Duke o f Bajpifiello: There is a Third, who hath no Title. The Prince of GallkiBio makes the third Branch, but he hath no children, and fmall hopes of having any, -and having almod all his Edace in the Kingdome of Izapíesf the Spa»i ardí have Sequedred it hy reafon of the treacherous correfpondence which he held with them during tlie Troubles of Naples. Let us come to the Family of the Conti's ; it is poffible the mod Ancient of all, or at lead formerly it was the mod powerful ; Platina, relating that the Counts of Tufcoli or Fra/wfi (in Italian Li Conti Tafculiuii) did caufe frequently Popes to be created to their Intered, by reafon of their Power. Its belie ved that the Conti’s this day living, are the fame with the Counts of "tufcoli or Conti Tufculani. A certain petfon and very Intelligent, faith, that there is fome kind of flaw in the Family ; be it as it will, it is nowReduc’d to two Branches, theîDukcs of Carpineto and of Poli, and neither of them have any great Edate,-. The Family of the SavtUi’ s is Edeem’ d by fome in Rome more Ancient than that of the Collonna’ s, and the urfini’ S-, there are fome who will have it to be Defccnded from that Sabellus, of whom Cicero fpeaks, but I hold that for a Fable, though in another refpeft it is held very Ancient, and it is realy fo, as it'ap pears in feverall inferiptions, and Antient “Monu ments which are obvious to be Read in Churche:^ ind other Publique Places.

The

A Ñ ^ t P Íie la t m Ths Power which íqrnierly tiley have hád új Rö^fis may be proved by »he Power, which tliey had not Ionafince,of keeping a Court pf Juftice in to .e by the Name of to,redi Savelli, in the which nonce was taken of certain caufesj as of affronts done nnta the qoui tezans; but m gxm the loib-tobic it fronj them. The S.iiíí¿ relaté dränge things, extraaed out of the Records of their Kingdome concerning that Family, whence there have iffu’d fcveral Popes. The chief o f this Family is the Prince cf 4 !bmii and Duke of the Riceja, the Elded is a Clergy-Man¿ the Younger Brother who bears the Name of a Prince, hath bepn Married to a Sider of the Dritches of Ccrl of the Fam'ily of the Jldsbrandmi who died iji child— bed, of a child which is dill livipg; The dfeceafed Cardinal their XXnde of the Mother-fide, hath left them an ample P.atrimbny, which Hath very well reilor’ d theni;^ and had nQC thsC been, it was reported that if they had fould the bed part of their Eftate they would hardly have been able to pay their Debts. They liave an Uncle who is Cardinal, and who was Arch BKhbp o f Salenoj but he hath relign’ dthafc Church unto are thre{ Tones his Nephew, his Siiders Son. There * ----------- ^. Iftore Qentlemen of this Family, who have no Title at ail. I have obfeived that the SsveUh and the Ccaii expofe the Piffures pf the Popes of their Fatnily, whereas among the WfiE’ s we fee not that of i^kholiU the third, nor among the Co'OMu s, any but ihatpf Martinihc ^Ih. it may poffibly be, becaufe that the «ijr^w’ s, and the Cp/oiJ»’ s cannot reckon iip fo many Po 'CS as others or becaufe they would fhoW that their Grtatnefs deriyc? not froiii Popes. t o thefe four Families, the People add four others whichfucceed them in greatnefsj .among which th? firR

ofKO M È.

firíUs the Gactoti which derives the Origin of it’ s Nobility from Bo«///!« the gifo, near upon the Year ^ 0 0 . It hath had in lefs thah within thefe forty Years four Cardinals, and feveial others before • 1 c polleflcth many good Towns in the Campania of S««re, with the Title of Duke of SermOMtu for the chief of the hainily, aii4 the Prificipality of Caferu in the Kingdom of mpks. There are three tnore Gentlemen of this Family, who have no great matof E ft«e, nor are they Titled at all. The Fa ther of Boniface xhi%th^ was a Doftorat Law he fame out of Spain, and ftaid firft at Qaeia, and Loin thence te went to Anagni, where at that timé the Gourt of Baiwc was kept, and where he became a good Advocate j There was it that/«fc* his Son was born who was afterwards Boniface the ÿth, and becaufe he came from Gaeta, he was called Gaetano. The ftcond Family of thefe four féconds, is that of the Ce/arifw, called formerly Montewmo, which hath drawn that Name, according to the common opinion, from the place called S.Cefario near Bóthere have Iflu’ d out from it five CardinàJs, Within the fpace of an hundred and fourfeore Years The firft of which was called the Cardinal o f S. \\accbio who was flain in a Battel againft the Turks in the Y^ear 1 5^1. This Family pofl¿fi«h a Good and Rich Tówn in the Marca of Ancona, with a Title of a Dukedome, by Name, Qivita Nova, and three more in the f,aUm or Campania of Rome. The third Family of thefe four féconds, is that of the Ceft s fo called from a Caille of the Dukedom of Wefo i It came to Rome near upon the Year 1 400. ineRmans fay, that it hath had its Origen from a «lyfitian, called Simet di Ciji,y*hopurchaft a L ó á thip in the Latium, unto which he gave his Name, wh'.ch

I 6

A Nevp Relation

whlcli ic bears flill to this day. There have been many Cardinals of this Family, all very devout, it appears by their Magnificent Churches whichthey have caufed to be Built. This Family is at this day devi.ded into three Branches, whereof the chief is the Duke of Acq.ifparta y who of late is become Heit of that'of Cefi liis Btother,who deceafed without lllue. The fécond Blanch is that of thè Marquéis Ctjì, Brother to the deceafed Cardinal and the third is of a private Gentleman, Rich in abundance of chil dren, which tire Marquefs wants. The fourth of the four iecond Families¿is thatof Altemps lately come out of Gemimy, where the Eldeft bear the Title of Counts of Attempts in SiMitbe, by the means that one of thofe Counts having efpoufodthe Sifter o f P m the i^th, he hada' Soil a Cardinal, who was very Rich, but yerÿ Diflblute, Solafing himfelf with' a Spmjh Lady, with whom he got a certain Difeafe which did not hinder him, though from getting a Son, who becaufe of his Riches Married with a L-ady of the Family of the Urftni’ s ; whence iflu’d Giovanni Angelo Fafher of the prefent Duke, who is far wifer than his Father,or his Grand-father cither who were baniiht a long time to A-Sfgm, not for their good behaviour. Next untothefe Families,-we may reckon up fome, who owe all their Greatnefs to the good' Fortune that they have had, to have fome Popes of their Families; which are the Dukes Bonclli, who have been advanc t by Pius the yfh their Unde. The Compagni, Dukes of Son Enrlch’ t by Grfgery the 1 3ill their Uncle. *• ‘The Pemti, corns horn Sixties whereof the Name is extinc’t by the death of Cardinal Mon~ a/fo the laft Male of the Family. Th®'

K m■^aiA«» vjfc v-Yjry AYldliliiyÇTS ”■*— W- Qy tilÇÎ contraaed bÿ thè Prippeflé; -. of; th e firft with Bpn Paulo Borghefi, Father t<j the nqw‘ Princç of thatNanäe ; Thè fécond with the PrincePamÄ/«,. frqra whonqthere hath come many Children. The Prince Borgbefe, is Prince of Solmena, Si is worth three hundred chpufahd crowfts of Revenue? óy the means of P i» /thç Jib their U nde, and the Thrift

ot Doaidarc Antonie Borgjjeß\iAdeceo[ed, The tàhç their Greathefs from Gregory I fibj îSTafivè of Bq/bgii.t. iilcolo todoviflo^ iiying had taken, in his (irft Marrii^ç the Princefsof V muß, of whom having had no Ifluf, he hath been nevetthelefs ifiyeiled with the fame Priiicipality by his Gatholick Ma jefty ; In a fécond MarriàgCjhe took the Princcfs'pf P/VÄSfl of the Family of the appiani, of whom alfe' pot haying any llTue, and Kmaining Heir likevyife of that Pngcipality by tlic Death of the Emperourj he took in a third Marriage, the Necce o f |>ope i;»3acc3i the z6th, o f whom he hath had one Male Child, called Day GiQamiBiti'tiftk Duke of Ziga-ieß and'Priqr of.Ca/!««, ah Qffice which brings him in fix 'thoufand crowns Reyenue ; He hath a Daughter, which is Sciled Princefs of Piombino, of P 1;»«/ìì, and ofGc/«aWo, andDutchefs of Fk>/c, He hath in Reyeniie threefcore thoufand crowns out of the Priricipality of Piombino, thirty thoufand crowns out of the Principality oi Venufa, thirty five thoufand crowns out of the'Dukedom of Pogivola, Gallicano, and Ca/a»»a, and fifteen thou fand crosvns oiit of pianò j he hath in Revenue Yearly one hundred qnd forty thcHlfanJ crowns., The parbarini now Princes of Paleßrina ,* ji.ré Q' ' ' ' Originally

A UenfRclaftott

Original^ come from Florence j they have been adr vatic’ t by the means of urban the 8ib> who hath made them very Rich, his Poiitificat-il^ having eoittinucd one and twenw years full out. The Prince (£ Paiejh'Mit haih fouricare choufand crowns R e -

Pamfiii are come by Innocent the loib j They have hadb-it eleven years to make themfelves g;eac in but Ptt'/7W Mother of the prefent Prince piinpoy and Wife of innocent the yoths Brother, hath known li) well how to mannage her bufincis, tiutShehaihlieap’ dup Innumerable Riches j He is thought to have near upon a hundred and fifty thoufand crowns Revenue, being Prince of S. ti lt), and Duke of Chiiifi' in the Campania of Rome. The Gb/gi, Relations o f the Pope now Reigning, have bo<.ighc the Principality of and en¿eavour to put themfelves in the Rank of others> and to have wherewithal! to fup'port themfelves. Tothefi; Families, one niay add, if not prefer the Family of Angvlarx , formerly very Power-, full, and which did poftelVe an Infinite of Towns in the County of the Patrimony, of the Dukedoms of Spokh, and of GevmnAy all whidi are gotten into.a third hand by way of Dowries, AlienationSij and Sales, part to the u rfu % Cefi’s and others, andthegrcateiipattto the Saveli’s. Anguihu i n Place indiffircnt Great, Scatuated on the Lake of Br.tccino, which is round, excepting that it makes an Angie of one fide, whence it came to be called AngtiLir'w, "and by a conurt woid AngmUira. There is a-Gencknian of h's Hutife, who is Lord of two Towns, by Namc,Sfaiiii;a, and Cdcato, final remarks of rbe r aft'Gi'.isdc/«' of their Ancefters. \ ihaM divide the other Familes of Rone into three

Clafles,

if R o m e , CliiftSj according to Ac Order of their StoioTÌijt and by Alphabet -, It being to beobfeived.tHat afibeic Coaltittirt carried away with him to die Sifattttm, the greateft part of the beft Faoiilieij there are

yet left feyeral Branches behind.

T h e FamiUes'ofKcmQ^ Phich hoali of tb0m ' S\(^obiiity^ of aboye fiye hnndréd Stan4tng, ^

AUxrtmi. A^allh Maiquelics.

Altieri.

■ i-

,-K

Aiiibali of the Molara. ÈoccabeltiC. Soccapadutt,

Mc^rabeiti.

iatemazT^i

Crefftnta. Cafitlt.' ciaffim. tapfgiiUii te?td.

Cecfkiith

Cn^itid»i

2 O

A i

fie / a t fq t t

' ce>/¡laii\i. , ... ■ Cítpe\ií6chii ' :■ Cimi. ■■ ■ ■Civalkñ'de MU'iHbiíú ' ' " ■ Cíi§milii Dukcs. ‘ ' .'"'v','' cáfieUiini. ■■■" Capranica. Coleri.

■

...............

parn^fe, whicn is So^èrìiin, ¿ iá whídi givís'the'rfartife tó die whok Familyiof Paúl the 3 ^ , ^heraof, the Principal! ài^rtdv/itliadòfl the DukgfeéW ^ít. The F ran á^ i, Marcpuefs^qf We»»{,.ate divided 5tTtd;th'rep'Bian§jpsj wliei'epf .toe firft, wtiiíh was in Rome, is fallen to the yoiinger B^other of the fecond, whohathEftabliíht liimfelfin_^r/i.'iíiá, andthethird bcars the Ñame o£ Micheli in Venke,'

Fatti. Fofchì. Gatrieli of Rome, are Coiirits^ ' Gottifrcdi ... ■ Jaccov.ucì. ....... Iv.co'mati gf Placo, come from S/mí'íí., ,, tanti, come from Spaia, jnd are Dukes, Leni, ExtiniS by tire deatlt of the Catd'n«^) o| phat Name.

Manci.ii, come from Luca Maéllri. MdLtni. Muti delle Mo^ttep. Melara af the Amibdìs,

•Dukes of Regnano.

MonalAefcVi,

IVÓ M EÌ

Monaldefchi, Marqutfsof S(. Martin, whereof the k ft was killed at Fwntai?i Bell’enti, by appointmentof the Queen of Suethland. Mattel, Duk?s of Qiovio:, He hath a Brother Married in Ftod e«, called the Marquefs Mattel-, Sc another branch Which they calf the Balon Mattel. DéMaximis. . . ■ ' Madakni. Vaùlii':^ of tlie Alberm’hìiAarquèCs fortari. They pretend ro defeend from the Antient Par«, Cato’ %; and do fliew feveral Antiquities for proof of their Antiquity. The Marqueis x>i-,Palmbara o f thc Fajcnilv of the

favelli.

S/arc^a’SjCome from John Galeax^o Duke of Milan, of 'whom Ulti Sfor-ca, Sirnamed the Moore ufurp’d that Dukedom, they are now Dukes of Santa Plora and Uonana.

Savocchio. Serlupi, Marqueis, extinif within thefe twò'yeats.' , Santa Croce, MatqaeCs. Scapucci. Teaellini. ■ y,yain ,o( " ' Vmucci. O f which Family defeended that Jn~ Ha, whereof there was to be feen not long ago, the Epitaph in the Church gf our Lady of the Popolo, with her Armes in Marble, quarter’ d with thWe of Alexander the ith , as it were Man and W ife; With this infeription,

D. V, M. Ju lia Vaniiccia Mairi Diicijjarim Verrariie, ¿ r ur-* bin: Filiorm Akxaadrifexti Papa, Vixit, &c.

C 3

Tbs

Kdéihft

^'he fécond CldJJe of the Family of Rome, be come 3\^oble ipithtfi thefe three Hundred yedrs^or thereabouts. 'j^cciriwloenl.

hriccii.

^rtifonticri. M f i l i of f WCfWiiiijMarquefsjCome fròaì Pip,U. Suffalim, come from Chita di CaflcUa.

ienmxntm, come from Pefaro. Senraaii come from Cremona. Èongiovimi. Bitglio-ii. coccini, Ceci or Cioffci, itntierli cinquini., Gentlemen Qf iifaniiunf. Capir, come (rota Fans, f-vajigelift. ii&Mi-iijdcfccnded of a Brctlier of Urban the pii.

jGiròni'^ come from Sjtain. 'Gabrielli, come from Gubbio , who are differtM from the Romans i-eimi, who are cbnie frbrh Gcna^mo,

Muffimi, I^accgrurv', came from MiLvi. 'iaifer. Come from F l i t e . Mignàiicl^i

«/■ROME.

come irom Skni. Mtlcbiorii come from Rece>Kiti,ind are Marquefcs. MafqKerott'h ace Counts. Mutinif come from CeiMUi. Marcmi. Fmphil'h come from G M o, Fichi, come from Rodes. Riccia, come from TarantoSaldoni, Specchi, Sorci, Stati. Teofli. Tedelliem. Velieri, Vntellefchi. Verofpi, come from Spai».

T h e third Qlajfe of the Families Ennobled in Rome 3 fomeVohat aboye an hundred years agoe. ji^uilatii.

ZPcaCarducci, Catalani, come from NepiRemi, come from Corncto. €;abrini,come from Florence. Garmllh come from Rtggm,neoT Mode-na.. Griffoni.

lanccliotti,

C 4

Toravkini,

K é ìà ih ii

Para-jiciìti, Ifllied out of AlexaitArit in Mònfèirti.t, pe(i o;iii come oat of ChAti CaJtelÌMÀ Porta, come {com Corno, ; Roggio'i, come fiom SitUì, Roberti'^ Sivddi. Stella, ToVrci, Ma'rquefs comeflolli■ S(M^>í■ J^i{e//iJ còmebutcjf città di CajtellOi It istobe obferved, that of all tliefe Famili'es, tliere’s hardly any one of tlaein, but hach had fonie Cardinal ùfit.

F amliiss ipbd hive come 'u inhe'*^ Ht there tPithin ihefi hundred Tears,, ahd in the firfi Place, ihofe rpbd hdve deferted theii/' oii>h ‘Cduntryes^t ihokgh very coWfiderabk, and very Pfoble, , and have Pfiablijht themfclves in Rome, without any otcifion t>fBujlnefs,or'trade* Ologitnti, come froni tologiis. The Counts carpegna, cotne hoivUi'btrtù. Ci'ToVr,

'^ ^ / ’ ’R a j ì w

à 5

‘Citriàb'r, Monte Catini, come fronti Ferrira, , J\/«ii//ii.Mai.quefs come froin Rietiy Nephew'i of, iìinocent ihe -¡tb. Rafpopycv-'ne ifoiìi'-Ra-^enna,. The^Mrqutfs coèe'fromPii*^. , Tl^e D^ke j ¡comeirorn F/arcjiCfi The Duke St'ió\zi,,ÌromFrorencc. ■ Spb^nJ^-pi‘BÓlo^Ha. v ' ■

Certain Famlies come to àn £*• fiate of Wealthy by their good Fortune^ Services^ dr Al ii antes Ufith Grandee*Si i■

ik i. . • ‘ !• Ongiovamt, of the U m aoi Ancona, enticht By the Cardinal Moatdlk. ' ' Cardclli, encicbt by the Jldobraidine’s, ■ Capimi, by Clmrat the 8'fr. Manf'iwi, by Cardinal Sanìi. Nobili, of Montcpulciam, Marquefs Related to Jolim the ¡if. SanaeJI, Duk^s of CoMurfgO by i!ie Cardinali Zittio Aldobi'andini, ' ■ ■ The Màfqiiefr, PigMtc/li, a Kinf-man of-die ^

f-ardidal of the fame I'taiac. btniwg

Relation

Vnring thefontifcat <?/Urban tht Sch. l U folUmng Families hAve tnricht themfehes. A

fUiciuXyUdcchiAvelli. yieraldi RaffOiityVAcm, who came p u t« F i^

fMfÇjI a jii fame Proviaces belonging to the Churchi

Some ItJ^hU Familier in tbeir Countryf F ¡anted /»Romé, tphere they fnrpaj^e not the fécond Generation^ A CtidiolL, Aiitemi.

Alcoyitl.

tdeomtri. Tcdencl. VkA^Alittu lAm'telU, Riif^oli. Sacchetu, Jmericf, Afeortti. Mnjigiti. Uirli, come from FlorcMe, Sirij cortie from Siivona.

#R0ME.

(lie^ tìf Genduii, become fmcefort^^ orfifty yean 4f t^e Jlic M i r i j i i c ^ s , , 1 Ciftà, Gmlliaian!, Prince o f Sajfano, whn natli Efpoufcd a Neece ot Innocent tlie tehth, be-i tore lii^ being Ppjic.

Pagliari. Paravki^f . Raveniitf, Scagli. Vivaldi:

Othef ì^atffiiiéf cottte from fede ral paPts ofhiA y, who ha*ve ehYich t ihewftl^es by the means o f tbe Banh^ Tracie. ^ fl'ic/ijifr of

Tappa. Recti.tditknti Ramat'^

. duòli: Spadav virefc.

Mkdacilnd, is flepjiewoF Vonm ^liidfiaj Silter Jn larv to Pepe Innocent die tchth The Mat-rluris ¿Im , caniefróM Tlmncc in die

»Hieof Èrdrn ihe’feightlii

Flemifli

A Nen>Relathn

Flemifli Fam alks come to Rome npouthe fame oàcafton of Trade. Mimiart, F'lfciUori P0U3 Thys.

Portugal Families^ vobich have efiahli^jt themfelves by thé means o f the Daiery andChan* cery ^

jScefiit, icrger, Smtdam. Enriqiteç^on'ieciifime-Zj w m ra , Lopes, Vifsbundo, Me/tde-^

French

o f R O ME

French Families^ mhich ha‘f/e advancH themfelvef by the means o f Expedition» ^Erbh,Bouyer,CaHfe’es,. Borne, Bdlly.. Mfchmrds, Pbenices,yaltrms. All thefe Families live upon the Revenue o f their Lands, and Lordihips, and of the Rents of Wallaces, Hoiiiisj and of Vineyards, which they /rave in K»^«e, and .ahQUfit, apdonthe Rents afljgr^’ dfen'ths' Mounts pf the Pic/«,. Sim Spirito,'ond others. Alfo upon Offices, which are efefted for the ^piiynient of Debts contraded by the Pope, or Domrnion.of the Ecclefiaftical See, whereof the Rent is paid ' iif fo much'pcf cesi; according unto the conditions which have been made thereupon. . When the Pope hath need of money, for'-any ur gent occafion j after having'made the CjonCflorycf Cardinals acquainted with it j he gives oiif . a; Brief, by the which he gives order ro the Treafiifef General, ofthe.Scate,.to, publifli; That whofoever waJlgiveof lend Money to the Chamber, he (hall receive accor dingly, foure, five, orfixpercMi, according to the quality 'of the time ; And for fecurity of the laid payntent, he aifignes a certain piece of Land, which he ingages particularly and generally upon thofe Revc-^ Ones. That debt Is called Monte', affutning a name from

á N e p ^ U t io t È from thecaufcof its eredion, pt from the Eisdorj as Manie deUa lede, Mo tte di V.cnnxix Mflitte^ Pia.

And Uaíi debts ihoiild ly^ confus’d. The %uni$ aredevidedinPlateoi l'ottiQns, that each is wprth. an hundrcij ctownsj and fot each Placsj is- given P.itent'of Qbligatipn; infómuclíi that a peffon iluciballhava 'disbuif-d a'thoufand. crosyfts, fltall have ten Patents, \vhich he may mate fale ot afa tecvvai'ds a part if he think giJod ; forástn^h as the Prince never payes back the Principal, but payes pun"* dually the interelí of it, as long as the Mount Hands. And the difficulty of plici(ig lafely ones money,hath occaiioned that one cf titofe Mounts, tvheréòf thè Pa* cents are worth art hundred cixit^ñsjhath been té^ípuld even for an hundred and' ceii, an fiundi ed and twelve^ andan huirdPedand fifteen. Bet many have nota^ bly deceived the-mfelVe^; fpr the Prince, having occafioffttì fuppreil'e o'ne of yhote .'Mounts, caufeth no tice to be given'tà the Creditors co conje aiid receive tlieif reyimburfaient a'f fticli a TreafUrefs, igtto,ri(lg for cadi Patent, the furnm therein coiitiined. ■ When any Prince, or KómíOt Gentleman, hath'?, mind to eneft one of'thefe Mbunfs,he asketh perihifr fion of thePope ; ’reprefenting'.iitttd him his occail' ons'jSi offers hint the exaffiifi'ing'of the Stock which hi intends to irtgage : fo that the Pope j finding the bulinefl'e ju ft and profitable, he beeometh their fecuri-r

ty,

' Arid if'theie perfdns hapuinto fail in the payment of the faid interellsj liis floiiricfs, after haVingfum- : tjiOh^cf themwith all Ibmjiiitjcs of Jiiftice, ije puts himreif inpo.flb'ffiónpfiíl! the Eftatc? which ate .in^ gioed, andpáye» tliefald Rents in his NaniCi aSit hath haphed untothepuke of Pirm whohad e'refted aMoúnt »f a Million of Goldj whichwan ailigned ripen

of' R O M E . upon theDukedomes of Cajiro and R m ilim and haying faild.tw6 or three years, one after another to pay the Imereft; The Pope feafed himfdf ofthe Morgaged Dukedomes, whidi were foon dempJilhdd ^ their Inheritance refunded to the ApoftolickChanibei j in cafe that the Duke ihould not pay the Princi pal of the faid Mount on the twentieth oiNovember The which not having been peifoimed ; the Duke hath been deprived of the Government of, die faid Dukedomes, which are incorporated a new intp the Chamber. The diffetence betwixt the Mounts which are the Peyes, and thofe which belong to particular Men is j that the Popes are call'd CmeraU, and the others Sa~

fonnH.

Alter having fpoken of the Government and Fa milies, and Bourgeofie of Rome ; I believe you will e a% judge of the Majefty and Grandeur of the Prince which governs ir, by the Authority which he hath over the particular Eftates, both in the Spitilti>1 and Temporal. As to the Spiritual, over all Ca tholique Princes and Commonwealths; there is not aiy which doth not glory in the rendring him Afts of Filial Obedience, as to the Father of Chriftiajis. I have been willing, beiidcs this; to give you a par ticular knowledg of the Revenue, as well cenain, as tincercain, which the Holy See doth enjoy. The Revenue ofthe Pope, confifls in the cuftomes offowe, and in the Rights and Sublidies fnllow"Si P'idçlicet. The cuftomes of Rome haveÇ"The folh«n ufed to he farm’d to who, lowing bids moft, at the rate of foure- films axel ' Soooe. k«e theufand crownt. ( . ofcwwns.. The

5^ ih c Sale of Rom? is .farm’d wlio, eighteen thoufand crowns, 18000,, .

3^ at .

The'Grinding ttlij or Ideal, rapd third,' and augmented Hy ,His ^Succeflbf'Sij |npgs in yearly, one hundred twenty eight tKoufand ¿rovynsjit8ooo. -,■ The Imfoft of the money, Dcf i£/i(iyw3 ?,;or eaC‘\. pound of fieih in KoWe brings'in yearly, twenty fiye thoLifand crowns, ijooo. ■ The Irapoftoftheûê brings in yearly, thirty thoiifandcfowiis, 39006'. . ■ The Money Del 'Jîiaimno; for each pound ofFledi,. ¡n,thereitofthe Ec?Iffiaflical Dominions, bppgi in yearly, fixty choufand crowns, 60000. ■ The. Office of I'ôft-mafter of pm c, and of the Ecelefiaftical DomiifionsiaHfigsin, twelve thouiand srowr^s. Iôoo. • • ' TheMiriesof.4 aw?j oDp.hc Tol[a hriflg in, toy, foure thbufand aowns, 64060. , Sainc,Pc«i-iPennyj orrent, brings in,.foctythoa-r. land crowns, 40060. ' . ^ - The Imppft' upon Gandies in Rome^ bungs in year-^ ly, fixthoufand crowns, 6000,. ' The Quarter or Trienra.l'Sublidie of the Revenue, which is levied upon'MWts, is Wortfi, thirty thoufand fix hundred fixty two 'crowns 3.0661 . -The Tricnial Subfldie'of the Ku'crf of A>icoM>.

brings in ninty thoufand cfoiynsj'90000. The Tricnial Subfidie 'of Koins and its Province, brings in, eighty thoufahd crowhsj 80000. ' - The Trienial Subfidie of IVv/igw, and' th? Pro vince of Ombrìa, brings in, , fixty eight phoufapd crowns, 68000. The Trienial Subiìdié'of the Province of Romagna, and the RUriim Coiinfries,-brings in twenty t o thoufand Crovvns,'a'5'6oC. " ' '

31 The tax,of iôrfes in che Provinc&of the Pauimojijj briMsiih tiiree thoufeW çroWiis'j j'b'db.’ iWe tix of Hàîlés of brings in five thou-» fand crownsj to9-°, rit-a/i,. pay^^ rent yearlyi three hundred cro«ins, jc o . ', . ' ‘ -Thê'augftéiftaâon'ôf the Triëiüai 'Subfîdv o f thé Marca, in lieu of the impoft upon Swines fleih, brings in eighteen thoufand clowns, 18000. The fame augmentation in. the Proyinceofthe Roinugita, brings in ten thoufand crowns, loooo. The Trienial Subfidy in the Province of the Patri-, mony brii'igs 5b fifteen'-'tkoufahà'a'ownlÿ iôoo. The augttiencation of the fame Subfidy in the faid Çpvineç, bfingsjn. five, thoufand çrpwns, yooo.‘'Thé'frehjnrjh’p. brTréafuryfôFfh^'âff^,',^^^^ the tax pf .Hprfes., bri^s„'in "eig,hty, ' thoufand crowns, 8o’o66.' ' ' ’ f " ' '• ' ‘ ' The Tteafup.y.ofthe J/*'M Proviflce'-bringsdn'kàic-» ty choufand crowns, 90000.* The; Çuftotnes &, Treafury of tfie Patrimony, 6^,3 J7t frowns,-' ■ ' . ’b''.",'.:'' f ^Thg.JfMniy bf.CitiWirfw^ 'The'Tfeifuvy ofPei'’«|g;a and o'/®M/f,%tih^s in'yeaf-f ¡y^»03.001«-; '. ThéTfeafiprÿq'f^fce/ijOodôo, ; ’ ' i' ThfeTteafur|ypf,fia!;»p4pa,,ygp'o'c). , \ ' T h e TfearnnéVof.i^^^^ and' CaJJiit, '-which Se‘Worthfii'eh(iri''dre'd'croWris''ayear,"'àte alienatedtfj particular men.^,,. '‘ The TreafffrOiipofBesii/eaio, i^ypo. ' ■ Thetaxpf'Spûto^ iéoôpi ', ’ ' ' 7 'h‘cfciiftomesof.^HCo3 pj,'7 <5'Oi:; Farming of Bifda, 5000. ................ 'ÿhe ’ d ,

34 A N ei^ M d fio » ■XHe Quattrin,fe eàcH poùnd of Hefe Iti iologhü, is enjoyed by the Towri-houfe, or Republick j it may be worth, XOGÓO. The Ttienial Subßdy of 80000,. _ XHc ICcvènùe of the Oukedoine of iAthiiio^ sndthat of F e w a all charges borne, brings in anua'lly, ^oeoo.

%)ncéTÌaìn Ke^emes. T

He Colleàibn from Spain atinually , one with another, 40CÖ0. , THeCollcaionfromPorttgah IIOOÒ.

That of Itó/y, loooo.

' TheÌefmiffiónòfimpofitions on corn of the Mar ci,. Foco. ,, -. There were fórnìetly Mounts vacablc, which fallingby the death of the Pofleflor or Creditof, were fold again by the Pope, and that was woith to hima great deal. But they have been reduc’t to other Mounts Hot Vacable, by Pope Alexander^ the fevènth now reighn in gj becaufetoo much profit Was allowed. The Componenài yields every month, one with ano ther, 4 go to. For that which is paid in the Chaiiceiy, comes not to the Pope, but to divers Offices which his.Holinefs, or his Predecefl'ors have errefted ; and which 1 ihall obferve in the defeription of the CHaiicef y j wl^nce ih« Offices- which liappen to fall by the deceafe of the Tollellbrs, they are fold again by the Maftets or Pte-

^ R O M E .

Ccn^mndi y and that brings [n a great «deal 1« ! to the Pope CO} asdoe aJfo feveral other Ri At* and Levy’s, which bring himin coniideiable fums. -

Non? let ttsmen? the Qualities o f a ll the Popes O ncers and T)omsfields.

He Perfon the moil qualified of the Popes Court andneareft unto him, is Cardinal Ghigi his Ne phew ; who bears the Title of Secretary and Commiflary General of the State Ecclefiaftick, which the Komans ftile by a particular name of Cardinal P«troMi He receives every month, looo. crowhsr Moreover , he hath brought him every day the Parte, which is an Ordnaty of Bread, Wine, Sal.t, Wood, Cole, and Brooms, which may be wonh monthly, 5 4 1. The Lord Don Augurino Ghigi , receives every month, as His Holinefs his Nephew} befides the proviiions, as being Lieutenant of the Caflle o f Saint Angelo, 60. crowns his pair, 105. The Lord Doit Mario , as Brother to his Holinefs; not reckoning what he receives, as being General ^ the Holy Church. 87. His part, 1 The Cardinal RofpigUofi, dwelleth in the Popes Pallate, bearing the Title of Secretary of State, re ceives 19. flis pan 4S.

D a

Th«

A't NeiP Relation

5 -^

■ The Prelate S;¿tetar’y of the Congregation of Vro-His part, to. ly .

■ ■

' ^

Ihe following futnSj ore of Crowns ond BoiOCCO^’S. ThePrehts 'Secf^taty .of tJîéCongi'cgation of Bifliops and Rcgnlarr, 1 5 . . •; The^Prelatc Secretai-y of the Cenfuka, 40.

•fhe^gecritary of the Briefs,' piCpenfations, Indulg e n c c s , •

and fneh iittc^things, 8> -

Secretary of the Congregation ot the Conn-“

« 11, '7 -V' , , ^ The^pSa-te'W etary of the ÇoHgfegatiôn,'called P c ’

3 -

His part, 7 . 6e;

Tfhe ScC-'CtS'iy

■

. - l,,

:■

. -

Britfsj addres c to Piinccsj ' ^

His part, ir - . , T h e fécond secretary ofthe Ciçhersj 7. H'.spart, [ 1 . Two Secretaries of the Petitions, I5. Their part, 31.' 3 °, . h Clarke of Indulgence,-1. 6c,.

His part, 7 . ÍO. ' Another clarke of. Ciphers, j.' ' His part,'9 -' Thi

,> 3 7

The private, Chjambeiriai/iSy

Participanti, •

■- .ri.

■ ' .1 :*

^ 1^/fon^gnm Ugolirii,'' Alitilt^ 'xSf''his;Holi. ■ ^neflc’ s.aftair’ sj 3 1.' ' - ‘ ' •■ ■ ■ •■ ■ H:s'part,'5'i. " fo ‘; '" ' ' Morifignor SiindlrKll', Mailer of the Chambejt His part, ;^5:. ^ " ' . ,/c.iivgfjCupp-Deater to-his Holin^fs33o His parr, ja . <;o. ' ' Minfignot Him, The Popes Eecrè&ry when* Car dinal, and now Mailer of the dumber* unto the

Cardinal Nephew, 50. His part, ^ 1. ro.

"ìAonjlgMf Banfi, Ciiamberlain, Participante^io. Hispsrt, j2 . yp,

'-'TfieMa^È^’fliS-Wàidrbbd^^ay.

’

d isp a rt, 37. yo. The Phyiitian in Ordinary, 50. ■■ ' ' s .His part, 51. 50. ^ There are eight rhambcrlijis rpf Honorj called, NanFìì'ticipisiti vvhereuf the lirft fiyèhàvé, i ;o . v Their part, I ' a . 50; ‘ ' _ There are three other's vvho; fecèlve differeiicly, whereof Signor Abbot, i j'i. p ' , Their part, 35.

Sig’wr Ale^Mdi'a His part,-T45" '■ - Signor Flnrmink -

' under. Wardfeibe. 1 j. and t l 's ■ as

A New Relation

as Page of the Chamber unto his Holineflej 8 . Three more Pages of the Chamber unto his HoKr neflcj 4V • Their p a i t s jj* . Foare Chaplins in ordinary, €o. Their part, 14-). Six Chaplins for the Houihold, zy. Their parts, 45. 60. Two Privy Clarks, 9. Their part, i s . » 0 , Eighteen Bujfolanti, or Guards o f the Chamber of prefence. 8 r. Theit patt,7o. Ten Chamberlins call’d Bxtramuvofs 4tf. Their part, y6. Nineteen Squires, P4 jo . Their Parts, 14 ^ . 60.

The Offices o f the Popes Chap^ pel. "AAOnfignoVj theVeftryKeeper, 5. His part, i< . io . Two under Veftry-keepersj 9. . Their part, ly . i ® . One under Clarke, 1. His part, y. A. Clarke belonging to the Miifick, t . His party. 1 he keeper of the Piftures, i . yo. His part, y.

The

The Officejcs ^Daterie^ii? lifhom H is tiàl^nèfs gt^es Saldry,

T HeHisCardinal Vataij, i|o. Pai VToi-J The Subatary, ao. His Parte, 3 J. ThePeyOfcjww,'4. JO. His Part, g.

: The Prelate deputed over the Conceffum, 7 ;

His Part, la . ^0. The Preieft over the CoOTpa«c»d«’s, i . His Part, I o. Jo. The who-is he that diflributes the Pe titions figned in the Reglftre, 5. His Part, 8. 60. ' The Subfitute of the Prefidenc of the Plomb. 4. H isP a rt,7 . 60.' ■ ■ ■ The Regiftrator of the Plomb, 4 . His-Parr, 7. ÉO.» - " The W titer call’ d cf the Dmiflis, 1 . 3 °* His Part, The Chief Revifor of the Petitions, as to mat ters concerning Benefices, 4, His Pair, .7». J O. — . . The fécond Revifor, 6 . His Part, 1 0 . JO. The Revifor, as to Matrimonial Affairs, 3. His Part, 6. The two Writers of the Petty Dates, i . The Part, I a. D 4

7 he

A '^ È e i ^ K d À ì o f t

S ip

‘ ' C h am fer'oftbe^

■. .\ knihi:. ■5.'-. , ' Wo Warders of the H^ll of the Conciftafy} y - 4 ^-

■-

Their Parc, IX. -T■■ • TwoWaidersof the Iron-GacCi ¡9. Their Part, I 5. e ’l . - h u " ^ \

T ,v9 Wardersoi the firfl Gate^^the Chains 8« Th ': P a r t , j. . ' .e i , 1 Two WaidcVs.ot :the fecond.Chaih, f*. ^o* Then-Parc, . . .0? i c r - j -■ TWOM ’tìeCjUi&'^s oPch&Rcd R i w , S o . , Their Pair, I I ..; • , i i erii n:'i ' Two S'.ii' crs Warders, S. 8 o.,: ■

.,TfceirP9.i'f,

:;'j -; .

TwoCurfors Warders, 9. St>,„ .>

T h eirp art,;i5..i'..-...iH a.h

' t,

, . - I

The Keeper of the Regifter qf- thp-BuU s, i . yo. His Pattj 6\ ' " <j Ji'i to ¡/-iti : ; ■ •' va,-;

.nil ?

r'li/ ii.'i-i.-i.'.te M o iw ;.; c':cl;v..'i .r.iTbf

,v- -v-' Ti ;

; .-P

W-

'^he Officers thé Tr^fuf^ which recei‘zfe F enffon-jritm His Holmefsi ' '^OO'n.' TV A Onfigmr, tHe T rearu rer, 1 4 . J-V J. H is P a r t , ^ M fl»/gH or, th e P re fid e n t, 4 . H !s fa it , 1 5 .

■.

„

M-Oii^gnor, the C oium i{Ikr.y.G fin effll, 8 . a y . H is p a rt, I f . , T h e <^ogiv>troiiJer, jvbftfceeps th e .B o o k s r f - A fcôiïn fei V o . ^ ^ 1' * X I. H is P a rt, 1 8 . A iio t h e p ^ io n ip t r Q a k t j.y ij H is p a rt, S r .O n e M e a fu r e r , i .

,;o i -,,

C ,\ \ .t '

*■ ' , _>/_. .<y

■

H is P a r t ,

.. '- —iH

I 2;it --./id ■ jii ■

.i t

iLhe Officers o f the Library, ■■ ''r.'

H e P 'r e f e a 'o f t l i e '! R .e g i l l e r s ,4 ,

, H is P a r t , '? . . , ; . x W O h i c f L ih r a r ÿ K s ç p e r , l o . H is p a rt, 1 7 . 50''. '

... . . . ,1 „

. . .

■ - ' Two

The Sab-Library Keeper, 7. His part, I I . 50. Two Latin Writers,«. Their Part, 14 :

T^t.ee^rcek Writers, la . ^ e i r p*art, M . <r^vto;Hebteyi,WfiKrs, th e ir part, 14 . Two other Hebrew Writers, j. Their part, 8. The Printer to the C h ^ b e r, J . His part, 6.

Two Sweepers, i . Their part, 9.

7 Le Chief Officers ^of the C m t, CTV y f 03 jig»sr,the ChieL^teward, 60,

His part, 105 .

The Matter Steward, I L His part, 1 7 .

The Comptrowller, 8. jo . His Part 14 .

The Sub-ComptrowIIer,

His part, 10. io.

. '

A Kevertnd Fattier# Maftenof the'Saared Pala«, who's a Jacobin Monk, deputed for tli'e Reviling or Books both Printed, and to,tie Printed, 8.. His part, 14 . The Deputy, who hath care of the Altàr, vvba: fiis Holyntfs doth Celebrate at, y. His Part, 7. io . ThcKeepcrof the Records of the Cattle, lOHis pair, 17 . io .

I f n G 'U

É.

The h ferm r pgi(trt of tb(t Cffurt, ^

He Houfe Keeper, .7. <0. His Pait, 13 . The Privy Butler,and his. Aififtapts, 8 Their Part, 14. * The Privy Cook, and his Ai]iociatesi rc Their Part, 17 . ^ ^ Theprivy Pantlerj iq , ^ T

His Part, iz . ’ ^ ' The Privy Baker, J . j s . . H is Part, 6.

Cdlour. „ J K s Their Pact, 1 7 . yo.

1 he fpur Sweepers, 18 . T h e ir p a ir , 5 0 . .

The Chief Baker, 4. yo. H is p a rt,

7.. 6 q.

T h ere are tliree m o re, 9 , T h eir part, 18, T w o A flifta n c s, 4. ^ o . T h e ir p a rr, iz .

% d an otiier S u p ern u m era y, t . y o .

His

His part, 4. 50.

Xhe Couit Putveyer, 4.

His part, 7 - ¿ 0 -

The Sub-Houfe-Keeper, i , jo.

His part, 6 - i . T'vo Eantlers, 4. 8 a.

Their part, a. their Affiftant, i. 50.

His part, 4 . 5 0 . The Common Buyer, 3. Hisparr, 6. 5 °. Hethacilobks tothewoodj' !-•

’!

■, : . ii ..

His part, 4 , ■/ . r ■u;'“' Two A v ' e a E r S i ' „»jjy Their part, J. „ w iio ' The Hay-Keeper, »;

,,iiis''parry4i ^o. The Keeper of the waxj 5.,

yvii'-f '.-.ii.;

H e th o i’ooUs

;-i

His part, 6 . Four Potters of Burdens, 4. Fourteen Sweepers mote helon„m„ and Wood Carriers, Id. » o - ■

oni H ^ £ t d e iv c io u t a r e C o U 5, . S t i n g e r at St. W e n ,

His part, d, 1 be Poulterer, I. fo-

Hispait,

:, ,p '

The Pantier, belonging t o ‘the Fam ily;-r. xo. H is parr, g. ^o. ■ The Butler for the Poor, r . >o His part, y, * . . , „ A Womancalle'd the Priorcfs of MarthA, whichisanHofpitalof the Sick belonging to the Court, I. 8o; ' ,■ ° ' Her part, y. . . The Weigher o f Bread, V ■ -m,. • . His part, g. ^’ The Common-Landrer,'.yo. • His part, 6. To. ’ ' Four Mule Grooms of the Court, 17 . Their pare, 22. * Their Part, Two Water-Bearers, y ' Their part, 1 1 .

’

■

. ,»•

^ Twh Deputies for diffi-ibuting of Aimes, 4 : go. Tneirpart, n . ^ The Porter of St. Peter’s, i ; yo.' His part, y. The Mafter, or Qyer-fecr of the StabJes, 6i His part, 10. yo. ’ Two Coach-men of the Popes, d. Their part, ly . 20, Two Poftillions, 7. . , Their parr, 1 1 . HL^p^n

to the Family, j . '60.

TheKeeperof the Cfl3/«/ia, 2. ,0,. ■ His part, 6. The Keeper of theCaflle Gmdolfo, g. His

4<5 His part, 10 . 50. The Maftec Gardner, 4... His part, 7- S°The Gardner of Belvedere, t. His part, i . , , ■ Hewho looks to the Glocks^ 1 4 « H is part, 18.

A Sweepel’of the Stabits, 2. jo* His part, 6. The Cook belonging to die Poorj i ; { oHis part, £■ The Grooms of the Stables, 2 1. Their part, d j.

7 he Fhyfttiansof the Court in e .

two Phyfrtians. belonging to the Court,

They

g^ tk ed over and above with two

^ X o A e r A ffiW n t, an Inferiour Phyfitian, t. a j. His part, 6. The Apothecary, 4. do. His part, 7. do. Two Chyriitgions, d. Their part, "ty.

Sr.'f'Ai!

of 1 ^ 0 MU,

S m r a iit h e r p g r f m t9 the Court,

b ilg n m a

_ -

T “ i f ‘ * " C o * r o r , JO.

'=•

■

— 1».

The Ordinary Al'm^, His part, lo, i6.

•

W i . «r.

The Prii^ Treirurer, li . His part, 20. ,

His Aififtant, or Deputy,?.

Hjs part, 7. ¿o, A Painter, 4. jo^. His part, 7. tfo. An Embroiderer,

His part, 10. tfo, T t a r t « , ' ’? “

“ ' ' ” “ ' ” ' ' ' “ ' ' ’ '-

7bt

l^aiters.

Rektipa

■ 'I 'H e Senior of thcÇûafSers, 3. '

^'w\> Vi’i ’

Another Eftaificr of the Ó 14 jFapily ofitlie Jopes, whilft he was Cardinal, 3., ' isiii i-..I . His part, 6 . ............. " -T One and forty EftafEers, i i j . , , jiv ■ jii Theirpart, i4 < . • ’ '^r-jr ’ i Two Officers belonging to the Çaminoiî,T^l)lc,‘6. Their part, h i . _ ; A Chaplain belonging to the common-Table, 3 His part, 6 . ' . Four Sedan-Men, a4. ^ Theirpart, 40. ' A Common Clerk, for his W^agesjan4 ^hjswhqle part, 8. . .r . Befides the For^-mencioned W ages, .-the Pout fails not to BeEow u’pon fuch as he hathja.kindnefs for, oncof the reniions ycareasi«^'vvhiçh.he referv’s for them, upon all the Bejit^ces ¿11 Spr»*i which exceed E%vPr°i''t>? pcï , '^fhe, f^iil Penfion being ufualty the third part of the Revihl'ti feme of which extend fometimes to thè fura of two thoufand crowns. . For the better Lin lerftinding what the Officen are. which belong to the ApolioUck Chamlrer, thought it aecdlkry to deferibe tlieir FuniUon. Thi

fl/R Q ME.

Thç Officers otifieOhamber Affembê thertifdves twice a yveek, îSIamely, Munday and Frydaj', apd thofe dayes that there is any Conciftory kept. ‘ Thé Cardinal which is called the C^f^mcrlengols Prefideht 6f if, Aflifted by thé Governqur of B.ome, vvho hath fot au Addition unto the Office of G0-7 vernour, the Title of Vice Camerkngo. Monfignor the Treaiurcr General. Monfignor the Auditor of the Chamber, and twelve Clarks of the Chambetj whereof the one is eêr a' Prefeft , or Commillàrÿ over the Corn, and Pliblick Granaries, another oyer other kind of Vitfuals, anotheroVerthePrifons,anDtlrer over the Waves, or Streets. Their Jurifdiâion extends oyer matters where the Intereft of the Chamber is coficern.’d, asCónoáfts of Farming óf the Revenues of the Holy See.'The Treafurers of the Ec'cIefiaiUcal State, of Caufes befongiiig to Corporations. Of the Spoils of Priefts deceafed -out of the Rcfidence of their Benefices! Of Caufes of Accounts, and Audits with Officers End Minifters of State, over the Coynes and their Valué, over Appeals of Sentences, qf the Mailers 6ver the High- Wayes; or Streets ; Over the Affairs of Cuftomes, Taxes, Impofitions, and the like.''í The Ciiwn/ingÆf, or Cbamiierlin-fhip, is given for life to a Cardinal Nephew of the Popes, qr unto a great Favorite : Beiides his Authority before fpecified, during the Popedomc ; He hath aJfo Sovereign Authority all the Sede long, cauflng- mîas to be ftanipc in his Naine, and other thinp appeur taining unto Sovetaign Dignity. ' - * •■ The Auditor-ffiip of the Chamber, Is purchaM ufually at fot}rfcote thoufand crqwns, and is wo^h fwelvè thoüfahd'crowfis a year. 1 have fet forth Anthorityin the Relatioh 'of the Courts of Jufticç , , E' • ^ T hf

A NeH? Kelation

The Treafurir puwhafes his Place at threefcore a'nd four thoufand crowns, and it brings him in near upon twelve or thirteen per cent. He hath .great power over all the Mounts, as well fuch as are'due by the Chamber, as by Kmun Lords, liaving Au thority to mahe Extradions front them, that is to fay, when the Debtors have a mind to acquit tliemfelvesof a part of their Debts, to Nominate thofe to whom the Principal Stock is to be reftored. The Prelident of the Chamber, purchafes his place at near upon thirty thoufand crowns,, and itnpiovcs it at tlie race qf ten per cent. It is he who aflrfts and prefides almoft alwayes at the Auditing of the. accounts of the Officers.' Tire Clarks of the Chamber, purchafe their places at two and forty thoufand crowns. They are in a manner Counfellors and Afl'ellbrs unto the Cardinal Citmerlengo ■, and they make of them near upon ten per cent. The other Offices are given Gratis. There are eight Notaries, or Scriveners, who.purchafe their places, at a matter .of twelve thoufand crowns..

The Legations and Go’vernment &f the Ecclejiajiical State. '"T ’He Legate of Romagna, hathfor atlowanceannually, 3000. efowns. Of Bolona, <cod. ‘

Of Avìgnan, loooo, ’ ■ :.V c' Of Urbino, iooo. ' ' Of Bcrrara, foco. ■" - ' And with thè Perquijites , there h not anybut makes it above fifteen or fixteen thoufand crowns. . -Of Cimmì^ y\ ' ’- '. Of Afcùli, ¿ioo. V * Of ^ 8 ^ ;, : ■. ■r Of ,• , ' ' . Of Cefena,- jo b .’ " ' Of 344. Oc Far/fj 2;44. , . • OF Fae»-7^ 144. Of r/dd/fsorij 144. Qf Curvili^ jog. Of F<»ì9, J60. .. Of Amena, 600I Macerata, i.xoo', Of Jefi, yo«. Spoleto, 600,'~ Of Terni, iBc. pf Narni, 396 Of Orvieto, rfo. Of theAbbyofFa)/rf, Job." Of Tolig^,;6oo. ' . Of A0 fi, 140, Of Rieti, 240. Of Tlercìti, 369; , Of Cafcìa, i8g. Of J/iffe, 700. , Of Subiaco, '3 00, Of che Ab^of pereateUii io©. ' Of fitta di Cafleìle, 500. jE *

of S m S everm , Of Montalto, 400. Of t e n o , 1000.

,, „>

Of the Daterie, or Office where the fopesB u lls are difpatchtj

and of the Chancery. "He Chancery of Rome, hath fuch a Correfpondence with the Datciyi that there is not any thing pafl'eth that which hath not pafled in the other; There are, notwkhftanding feveral matters which pafs not out of the Daterie into the Chan eery, As Namely, the Expeditions of the Benefices ia Ewiice which are not in RoyalNoihinacion,& whicl are Executed by the Popes bate figningat the botto® of the Petitions,or the Requeits which are made him The Difpenfations (In Secimdo grkdu,') AbfolutionS) Commutations of Vowes, and others of the lila Nature, which are difpach’t by the Secretary of th* Breifs, which is called in the Court of Kme^ Vd y im Sccretm. The ioundation upon which all this SttuflUf* doth reft} next unto the Pope, is the VXtme, wh* hath been wont tifually to be a Prelate, but at pre Cent Cardinal Corrado is hcj and by reafon of that] be is ftiled PTiffiataTio. ■ . ■ For the better uniderftanding of all in Qrder^ j . ■ . . -wil

e fR ö M E .

^ 3

will hot be from the purpofe, to defcribe the mahner that is ufed throughout the whole Expedition oF a a Benefice. Firft if the Bénéfice be vacant by the Deceafe of •the Incùmbent; You muftgo to the T erobium , a -perfon-{tiled .from the Funftion of his Office, which is as the Subllitute of the Datario-, And you mull not forget to appear before the Datario liimlelf. In all other Graces, your Addrefs mull be to the VatarÌ0 himfelf, aad-hub-Datai-io-, And after that you are allured by the word of . the Datario,-by a Refcript, which he makes upon the firft Petition which hath •been prefented him 5 In thefe Terms /iimnit Sanäifftmus. The Petition mull be fram’d in form, •with all the Claufes and ReHridions, which arc defired, ihould be enlarged in the Bull ; Then carry it to the Sub-Datario, or to the Per Obitum, who writes atthe bottom in. a few words, the contents of the fame, and tlien delivers it to the maria, informing him a new of all the Bufinefs; Afterwards the Da tario carries the fame Petition fò tlic Pope, who figns it, granting the requeft in thefe words, piat u fp etitirr, ■: Afterwards.the Datario himfelf, or his Subftitutes eonlign that Petition unto the Prefedof the Com-' poneada’s, and if there Ire any fee belctnging to k, he taxes it according to the quality of the mat ter. ••» This Petition iis afterwards configned to an O:'-. freerjwho is called by thé Name of petty Dates, whole care is to know the day that the requeft was granted on, and to write it down at-the bottom. It palfeth after chat tiirough the hands of the' Chief Revifor, who puts outjC-r Correfts the words and claufes which he finds are not to purpofe. ■ E 5 From

From the Ctóef [Revifoij ic pàffeth to * fecondi v^|io doth dielikei tocorreaand-aker what isiie-f ceflary. ■ All the Offices foreitientiQnedj hcii areglyen ad SenepUcitumPontificìS, excqiting that of the pròfeftof iheCmpoamtla’st which ispurchaCsd at fixteen thoufand crowns. Then again is this Peticioa carried to the Regiftrator, who writes it in his Re^er-Book. The Regiftrators aretwentyv and-purchafe their place or Qfficej at three thoofand crowns a man. After that it hath been cbnfigned in the Grand Regifter-Book, he examines, it;,, de' verbs, ad verii>m. V There itt fix Maftcts of the Regifter, who puw chafe their Officcsat fix thoufand crowns a piece. This Petitioiij.Qr Requefti being gone oiit of the handsof theMafternf the Re^ftetTvith all it'sE dit malites.of the 'Bàmie, it is brought iuta the Chan-* eery hy an Officer deputed to that-piirpofe. . PiKmetly the Office of Chahcellour Was eyei coMthted appo a Cardinal, but fince, a Eope-ha*yiiig invefted a Canon of tateran therewithj he aflu*» hied the liairie of ftcim' Apns 'Casceìi^ih who. is 'àt this day called Vice Chancellour, The fatile afi^ terwardstetumed again unto the Cardinals, byreaieti 'that bneof the Vice Chancellours was promoted irò the degree of Cardinal ; who befought his Ho-’ that He wlio Ihould hold die' faid Office, might continue the Name of ilice- Chancellour, which is accordingly done till this yery prefent. The Chancellour did .exercife alrò'formerly the ÌéfBce of Btta'/ia, but liiofc two Offices have teen difliflguiQit and feVer^d even from A :i§ien,hy reafon ■ef die cDixlitron of Aifaiis. The

ofROM E.

The Office of Vice Chancclloui' is given J d v i tm , it is woith eighteen or twenty thoufand crowns a year.

TheChanceUoarhimfelf hath Juxifdittion over aHthe Officers of the Chancery, brit not being wil ling to take; tliat troulde upon him, he gives that commiflion to the Regent of the Chancery, which is an Office, which h fold for tao and twenty thouiand crowns, and which falling by death is in the Chanccllours gift. The Regent of the Chancery, hath Authority to deliver the Petitions, which come from tlie Datario, unto one of tlie Prelates Abhnvktori de Parco M ilori, to take the Scedtile of the Bull’s, to fufter them to be cortefted, when they are in his aiftody, and to appoint the Execution of diem to whoii he ffiould diink beif. But to return to the fequel of tlie Expedition, Tlie Petition being, as hath Ren already ixoreft ; come into the hands cf the Regent, he delivers it to one of the faid Prelates of Pam Majariy which are twelve, and purchafe their Offices each of them at twelve thoufand crowns, and ,make of them a matter of twelve, thirteen or fourteen per cent. This Prelate fets to his Petition the feeduie of the Bull fand that by Ills Subftitute which Ads under him ; ) which is coiifigned to an Apoftolick Notary, for to be co- ' pied in Parchment. After that, this Bull is carried to thefc Notaries Office, which are one lundred, and purchafe r'lcir Offices at two thoufand two hundred crowns 5 And thofe are they who tax tliat wliich is to be paid them, at the Rate at which the Bcnclice is worth, or the concern of the btilinefs. ' After which it is biaigli: unto other Officers, who E 4 have

A Ñev^ K úathn

A r have nobrher Jurisdiñion but to receive the monejj fork, becaufethatthofcOffices are of Alienations of which the.Popes have made, having heed of Moneys-; and thcfe Offices are cdlledj fome t)f them CitbiciiUres of the Holy Father ; Othersi Knights of Sc. Vital, Kiiighrs of the Lillies, Knights ■ Vioui, Knights of I.9i-eto. Tliere ate twelvemf each Qualify, and do putchafe thofe Offices j foine at ifteen hundred crówiis^ otlia'S at two thôiifand crowns, and others again at four tlioufand crown<-j ■ and make of them eight in the hundred, and fometimes more, according as there arc bufineffes tobe difpach’t. After chat this Bull hath paft through all thefé hands, it relufnstoa Subftituteof theAbrekiators,btfides him who ihade the ftedule; who iiavirig p'erufed it, whether.any thing be faulty, getr. it fighed by his Prelate», and that is called die fending bf the Bull to the Piómbo, that is to the Lead. ■ The Pitfeft, whofe Office liaffi Auclvjrity dvet th'ofcóf ihéPi'ombóYwhichisthè Seal tint isaffix’c lihfo the Bülls^ pdrcKareth his Ófficci at- the Rate of èi'-o -choufand crowns', or thereabouts; and is worth R'.m thfeë choufand fivt hilhdred crowns a yeari - In iliat Orffi.ce cf the Piombo, there are Officers càlledj of ihe Éul’s , who Record theni in theif Bcgiileris. Thc'i’ are fix of them, and each purchaftth his Office at fifteen hundred crowns. ’ Mcr.’over thtfb áre Mailers of the Regffièr Of tiie Bulls, who' hav; care Of Examining of them'i arid to endorfe the K‘'g'ñráta. They arfeiix of théine and putchafe their Offi:e.s at fixthOafand crowns. - .Then -the-e iS the Pimbato c , v/hofc Office is werffia choufand crowns, and his duty is to fallen the Seal Of Lead to thé Bullsj with a lilfc flringi or a packthred

vfnO M E. ]«i6fhred i according as thé iflatter requires. In Fincj there is the Keejjer of the Reoiftei, who:purchafeth Kis Office at three tlioufand crowns, whole duty is to give an Authentick and Valuable Coppy of the Ballsjwhich happen to he ioftthroaoli negligence, or raisfumine. . ' _ IciitQbeobfairedcliatche.Aft’aires'of Difpenfaiionsof Marriage in thé fourth degree, Jthe In uits,or i;crpctiiai Indulgences pafs not through .the hands of the aforefaid Clfficers, but there are others of the fame Qiiality, who perlorra the fame Dutyj sndaiecalled Scriptorcsde M :oii, Abb'fcviatoics tà" ^C/ii'afcïes de Mi/iiri ; whereof tliere are twelve of iach, and do ptirchafe their places at four thoufand croivns. jrjie Retnaitider of. the Expedition pafieth througli the fame hands aS the Matters concerning Benefices.. The hath the Right of Dlfpofitig of all the Benefices oti-irky, Spain, P m iigd, P o lM i over mofe of- fbfne Biihbpricks in Germany^ df all Plan.rht? Cacholidt Ld/'î'îiî?îj SAvoy^ Byitta?iyy !nd the Gbtinry of -8argaç»;i>j excepting out of Italy rie Biiliflpritks, Abbits and Royal Foundations or Patronages', for eight months in the Year; But his Bolynelf is Atcuftomed to grant to the Bilhdps Rc"dent in their Biihopricks, the^/iern.ttti/i^ that is ®(ay, that the Pope gives two of the eight months fiid Bilhop, and- fo teferves fix to hiitiIt is bbferVahlc-i that Over the Benefices of Spain, Oiï/;^.î/and Italy, which are fioc in conteft, thatex^cd not thirty Ducats a yeai : The Pope is acculloulto lay a Penfion for lix ycarsj and that Penfion ^ufually afllgrt’d tofome one of his Domefticks, or 'f atic ns, br of his Familiars, who art that way rer compenced

ç8

A Netip Kelatton

rompMxted for their fervices; each of them receiving r & e c o f the faid Penaons f™aliei> according to the-qualities of the Benehc

, the faid Penftons, being a third of thc^rernain et c »he Revenue, which exceeds thirty Ducats.

It is further obfervable, that w^«co£ I have fMen before) is paid, m Chancery , na« y of all Benefices which exceed twenty year. This Amita is a years Revenue, ■ftuits. . ,

o f the Congregations* 1 T hiih been, the Cuftome in the Court of Rome, to

IdecideallA ffaires,bythe m e^s

sreeations of Cardinals and Prélats, Deputed by his llolincfs- each Congregation hath its feveral bufi nefle, new ones being erefled, accordmg asthe time

require; and them they put down, when no long ^ T b rh Â is, That which they call of the Holy Off i j , or ot the Inquifition made up of twelve ormor^ Cardinals,according as the Popes ral Prélats and Clergym en of lèverai religious Or dert, v/ho all bear Title of Confukers of the Inqm

Î Z n I a Cardinal is chief of them, and keeps the "There is the Congregation of Biihops and Rcgalars, the Tutlfdlftion of whom extends to the dittc cnces vvhichanfctwixtthc Bidiops and f«h

under them; and alfo cwixt tlie Monks, arid the R

to;t}ie eohfalrations which the Bifhops nlftíte.^'Sevéral{Gár(finalsfiethere ^ h ^ a v c one m(?re;cxf«uknc’a than thereft/or their

n pJ™ ^ whether fuch DeJritqucnts ought to-enjoy that Immunity - That p,whechci onepught to receive them ¡ntatH?Church pr nof-, thei, when they are falln from it ^ •lili* are-íhveraíl añaiinals •of it • one ^^Ahditór óf the Ró/e; Md one R e í ■ Th-<fCtíngregation of the Cotinceí, is for the etal;-. f^híS*.-írTrtntfTiírte<r«»-?Xf. • r. T fe Gongregátíóii ó f'Stare, is often kept in the ^piKpi'cfence, andfoinecimes bifom the Cardinal . T Í ‘'^iÍ All the Cardinals who have been mntio’ s andJusHohncile-j his-Secretary of State are prefenC

Dccn clbbliincdfortomove all. means inimaginable ^arfvi^^theCathollelp Faith.- It is kept o n T a ifloftthW^emePojiéj . aiifd very often in the CoU S w li " " ‘f arc prefcrit there H Appflolkk Protonotary» his HoI,He3e,h i6 Sccrctafybf State; th e Tirdr^c, who the ^ the Refetendario, of either Sig,tature and the-Secretary, - it bdgethand beareth the charges of and- ithathaPiinth S l ’ ' Langnagesand SouWi

fgreat number of yoirth,

atfeoaMagmñ into then own Coiincrict 'after that th.y

^ N e w M a t ie n they arc knowing j allowing them wherewithal!, t« defray their jouinyconv^ie,ntly. The Congregation of the Riij i A JurifiJiftioi^ ycr the differences which arife, touching Ecclefiafti-cal Ceremonies, and Cuftotnes, Precedences, and other things of the like nature. . . .. The Cardinal, chief cf the Deputy s fummons tt, when it heft p leafeth him. There is alfo the Congregation of Warers, ber fpre which the concern is of Bridges, of the Cpurfes of kivers.j ahd the like, whereof a Cardinal ischieti and calls it when neceflary. , \ „ The Cardinal Cmaiengt, is chief of the Congre gation oyer the Fountains, Ways, or Streets; yet it B kqrc at the Senior Cardinals Palace, there bufir Ijeflhispf Acmduas which fupply the Fountains of Kowc, of the Way sand Streets, and of the manner, how to inlaree and beautifie them. , _ , The Congregation of the Indexes is over the Books already Printed; and fuch as are to be Printed, it is but feldomc kept, and when kept; at a Cardinals, who is chief of it. , . r t The Cardinal Nephew of the prefent Pope, is ufually chief of the Congregation of the ConMp of Aftaiis, concerning the Ecclefiaftical State, affiffed by iix more Cardinals, pnd eight Pielaies, and the Secreta ry ■ tlieir bufinefs is of all Vice-Legats, GOvemots, Judges and other Officers, who gives an accompt to that Congregation; which having refolved ^liat is to be done, they impart the bufinels to the laid ¿T-ifr, and Governors by the Secretary ; and every Prelate who is prefent at it, is chief of the Affaus o . a Province Aifigned to him ; whofe care, is to ma known unto tbit Congregation all that paffetli.^ it h.ath though no jurifdiition over Avigmtt,

of R O M E

and CftKáí?j the Governors whereof are abfolute, each of the Prélats aforementioned j hath athoufand crowns Pention. The Congregation of the Difchaiges, call’d D e ' S g r a v ii, apdof thatOeBoao Regim iae, are kep-- hy tumsxvery Saturday at the Cardinal Nephews, who is chief ofthemi together with fix Cardinal mote and eight Prélats, Thether all Corporations remaire, who. linde themfelves over-fated with publique char ges or their Priviledges violatetj. ■ ’ The Prélats have the lame allowance with thtfcaf the C oafulpi. /; The Congregation, of the Moneys hath beenfet up to look to the moneys already coyn’d, or w b i may pallé , and to fet a rate upon all fuch as are of forreign Princes, There are prefent at it foure Cardi;> nais and (ome Officers of the Chamber. • 1'*’f^ .‘sbcfides; The Congregation of Conciftorical Aftairs,, of which the Senior Cardinal is chief it is but feldome call’d, for it hath but little I.uCnef4 but there are tranfaded the affairs which the Pope re fers to «¡which ufualy are of renoimciation'cf Bffiopricks. Taxes of Confillorical Churches and Abbey’s,

¿3

A Niib

A K^htionofthe€^y'<im^^ fev ved on the twtiuy of Jane, at the Trsfenftdg "Ofd i^hite Geimet unto the f opy hy the M inffler o f the King of

5pain. He twenty eiglirft prj«*«, iieing Sti ifters Eve* is tbe ufual day appoin ted for the payment or leceiving of Tributes, Rents,andothcrthings which

are wont to be paid ^ ’ cognifance of Teijui cs hel d by her, fpme make fatisfaftion perfonally, but the createft part by proxy , But the Homage of the King oiSpain,\s that which is per formed with the greateft Pompe and Luftre,as poffeding the beft Tenure of all^ ’which is the Kingdome of who e Embaffadors drive ever to appear with all poflible Grandeur at that Ceremony The Prince, Nephew o f the Pope: All the other Princes and i'lobles o i Kot):e^i

of ROME. p S f iS Thio'^ X X ‘^ r

e, ”

bitop,, and Cjuards ofthe iuiiTes and of light Horfe. This Riding o r C a v ! f ^ do, beg,ns at the Em baf-dtrs P ^ r i

march firft, Jedbythet c o r ? »great number o f ^ 5 / ;r W r and Gentlemen f o o t e r " dmaJs; »11 march in order on after come thePrinr^« title i after,h art„?F » "ffi " ‘i * . ‘^ “' Cenner, cover'd

a n trie tfi-fl? ™ “ »herein arefeventeen thontaa'c^“" ' " Of Ctfww/r Gold fharfeexfD .orownSj «fall eh. P r e la r e r a f o i'^ - d " '''« f C ' " * T l 7 ;o‘! , '" f '’ »‘ Otder m ,„ * . ^ . i he Pope approacheth, at fome fmall

¿A

A NeiP K M o n

fmaUdiftaucc, unto the C hurch, where the entred, and having made his 5 p9cchs Sefents this White Gennct untq his Ho Sneffe inthelehalfofthe King his Ma ¿er with the feyenteen thoufand crovm? S Gold, of which his Majefty IS indebt4 unto the Holy Church do^eof S . * .

n,e,u».»adeby tUe Eop

* V e A ^a-

? « c ”h l e F f c S f .h e C .!« « , ">ake, S e c h ‘ P ‘ '> ' A n > b a W Q r . ^ ; h «

kinadome hath been already deyol « d w S i i ciuirchby 1« « ; ' / ™ “ ;

o ftlK R ilh K r fc h e c iw - A

dcth theCerpmony. k

f I N I S.

R e l a t i o n . Of tlieStateofthe

COURT OF

Made indie Year iSói. the Council ofPregadi.

àt

By theMoft Excellent, the Lord

ANGELO

C O R RA RO ,

Ambaflador from the moil Serene ptbliqite oi fAcnice

Alexander V l l .

' Tranilaced ouc of Italian

By 7. B, Gent. Io«io«,Printed by

andare to

bcloldby Michael yonng at che B/cw àibie in Sedford-jireet in Covm-Garden ; and yobn Playfm, 3t che n Lite Bea; in che Ui>l>cr

iraUcUkeN'eri'-Exckwge, 16

Imprimatur Sept. ult.

1663.

Roger V Eftrang.

M' M A T T H Ì A S /

Van

H I $ ReJatfon, ^ h ic h canndt but divertile you inilrudion, to many p ed. pie, who talk at prefent of ine Court ùfK&/,ie, and tdr^

n ie n i

The Epiflle jnent themrelves to difcover the Caufesand ConfequcfiCes of the Mucthcc committed on the AmbaiTador of fr a m e . T ru ly , th it a a was very ilrange: a great King to be outragioufly wronged out of a Frolick , and thofe Sage Worldlings fccm^o have renounced both their Ho nour and Judgment, fince th ej yet ipcak cf it fcofflngly j they fancy and fay, all will be made up again » that the buGrtefs atlaft will come to a Negotiation, where the French cannot fail of having fatisfa£Bon J H o^^

I dedicatory, Hqw ca^n thofe wife Beads ponder fo long upon one thing ? they will cut diemTelves-out ibme other work; they wilj evaporate tjieir ChoHer in iinging fine Songs of us, their fury wil] vanifli, and he that had the blows may bear them ; the King iliall be fatisfid with the hanging up o f three or four Catch pole Serjeants ; and if at laft, thoie rafli ones ihould put the bufinefs hom e, the Emperour and other Princes, whom the Pope is fure o f , will not fail their Holy Mother at her need; and then do the y A 0'y count

T h e EpijUe count it nothing to have Eight Red Hats to beftow, and with the which they might — -------- - 5 iSut let thofe Minifters ftand faft ? if the wound can be hcaied with words, fo much the b etter, thofe Ragatels will iervcw However, Sir, I do not think I acquit iHy ielf of what I Owe you, nor d o t pretend you ihould be obliged to m e, when I preient you with a Rook that comes from your ownGlolet > and can teach you no thing new. You are, Sir, of anliluftrious Family, where Virtue, Science, Politneft, Riches j

d e d ic a to r y . Ilichei, Reputation, and the moR Refined Judgment in Affairs o f^ tatc, are Na tural and Hereditary. I can not be fufpciied o f flattery herein,fince I have Crown’d Heads and Sovereign Pfin< ces for my Witnefles 5 whom , as I may fay, have found themfelves honoured by the Embaifles and Em» ployraents wherein your Eldeif Brother acqaitccd himfeif with no leis praife to him^ than fatisfaSion to them : this is no more then Was laid by the Queen o f Sweden ^ and is yet fpoken of in France’ Nevertheieis, A 4

njtie I believed this Treatife, which is no lefs curious than folid, defervcd to bear the name of a Perfon that hath acquired fo much Reputa tion by^ the Comracrc« of all the Learned, by Travail, by choice Books , by hi* good Nature., and the wel come Reception he gives t« all 5'tudious men. Thè Au thors name fpcaks his com“ mendacionsv, it is the 11luftrious Senator Corraro^ for whom there are no Em* ployments too high in Ve^ nicey that Politique Afirologer , who judges of the Niindcs of Men with à Subtilty

Dedicatory, tilty worthy his penetriitio n , and the judgment o f a Man thorowly verfed in th« affairs of the world , and with that liberty of truth natural to all Republicans, I befeech you > Sir, to ac cept of my refpeiisjand give me fome tokeiis of your good-will by honouring me with your Commands.

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TABLE A ^HdVÌVA j T a . Aldobrandino

Àjlalli ALbici A%%olino

'Berenice Bichi Card. 'Stichi Prior. Bandinelli Barberino Fran. Barberino Ant. Brancaccio Barberino Char. Boronteo Bagni , honvìjì

éa 6y 70 7* 7* 16 55

38 41 44

63 69 74

76 C Corrado

TABLE. c

Corrado Colonne Carfegna Co^guti

32 4-a '

Ctba

Dongbi

45 ,5 7

D S8 E

56 E hi

. F

Eagnano Franciotti Fiiormarim Facchinetti Farnese France

35 43

46 48 7Ó 83 G Chigi

TABLE. G

Chigi Aagufta. Chigi Mar. Chigi Flav. Chigi Auguftin. Chigi Sig. Ginetti Giorio Crinaldi Gabrieli Gendi Gualtieri Genoìs

17 20 33 40 48 50 58 6a

66 98

Barach 44 59 Bùmodei the Cardinal Lantgf/Weof Hejfe ^ % jtaperiale Empire

é9

8o L tngo

TABLE. Lugo Ludovìpo

M D. Mario *4 D. Medicii Charts Cardinal, ^ 3 8 Maculano 47 Maz>artn 50 D. Medicìs John, 60 Maldachìno f 67 Modena IC O Mantona ibi Odefcalco Ottobuono The Tope Pallavicino Valletta Pio

Ó ^7 Ib. 3

50 45

Pàulucci

TABLE. Paulucci Tolognt Partua

75 95

99 /

a Q u een o f Sweden^

Roffigllojf R ffjetti . Rondauini Raggi

*9 49 57 59

ÌS^adaV\r%> Spada de Brefi ghele. Sache iti Santa Croce Spada, o f luca Sforza Sagredo Spain Savoj

34 39

40 61 66 73

77 89 96 T trinm »

TABLE. triumvirate vide C A. I. tofcany Vrftn Vidman Venice

V '

S5 6S ioa

R E LATI O N Of

The State o f the CO VKT

ROME. M Cannot but acquit my fcif of what is due from all thefe, who having finlflied the employment wherewith' ycnir S e r m R e^u bhath honoured them, ra ff turning back to their Country bring home with them m e Fruit they have gleaned in their Obfervations on the Forms of GorunOisnr; the Dcltgos ah'ti

thî^i

A Relation of the State

thofe Princes near whoin they have relided, together with all fuch other things as they efteem moft wor thy to be known, and noted by your Excellencies. I ihall he-briet in the quantity of things 1 have to fa y , reducing them to what is moft tflential, that thereby they may be the more firmly imprinted in your Memories, and ihall make but three Chapters ( e f them. In the Firft , I ihall treat of the Nature, the Opalities, the Paifions, the Inclinations, and the t>cfignsof Pope V I I j the Kindred of his Hol'mefs who have part in the Government, and his, ocher Confidents, to whom he is accuftomed to com municate the moft important interefl^ of the Papacy. In the Second, Ilhall fpeak of the College of the Cardinals , and give an account in ihort of the Interefls, and the good and bad Qualities of each of them. In the Third, I will declare the reafons, by which - one may conclude, whether the Pope have any in clination to love one Nation more than another ; And I proraife your Excellencies, the fame Sincerity and the fame Indifferency, which in fo many years Service as I have rendred you, may have made you know is become natural to m e, and without which I can undeitake nothing, without putting a confhaint or force upon my humor. I Ihould never have enter’ d .upon the paiticiilars of the Behaviour , the Paifions and Qualities of the ptefent Pope, ifan y other had done it before me : But feeing the Lord Sdgre 'di left 'Rom in the fifft year of this Pope’ s Aflumption, at which time his Holinefs protcfTedtohave Sentiments quite cOntraryto what appeared the years following .* and that the Lord G m lm t QiHpincanit who was able to have

exaâly

ofthe Court ofRome.

CKafily oWervcdj and founded aj] thefe fecrets, deceafcd a few months after he had begun his em ployment, and fo could not therein ftiow the hcighth and fagacity of his Wit. I find m yfelf obliged to undertake fo important a Work , fo much the more difficult, as being extremly riice, and very eafie to be miftaken , bccaufe of the profemon every one makes at Rome to keep his Inclinations fo conceal’ d > that it ihould be impoffible to difcover them. gE gin n in g then with the Exterior parts, which arc moft eafie to be known, for I ihall penetrate into the Interior afterwards.Pope Alexander the VII,w ho at prefent fits in the Chair , was born at Siena, the fixth day of Fefri-«ary, in the year 15 9 9 , hath palled the one and fixtieth year of his age on thefameday of this prefent year 1^60. It is now the fixth year of Ws being Pope , which began on the feventh day of this prefent month ofApril. This Pope does not en joy a health which can be called perfeft > becaufeitis fubjeft todiversfuch alterations, as do not ordinarily give us any hopes of a long life. The lirft is a great Humidity of the Brain, which obliges him to keep his head ever very Hoc, Nor does this fuffice to hinder the bad eifefts ofit j fince his teeth being fpoiled and loft by the continual defluxion which fell upon them, he hath foftw le ft, that if he had not fupplied that want, by caufing Anificial ones to be fee in their ftead, it would be a great hindrance to his fpeech : Not does he fpcak plain with all this A r t , and not being able therewith to chaw fufficlently, he is neceflitated to eat onely Liquid things* which have no need of being chewed ; and although they ihould naturally be o f a more eafie digeftion, yet experjsriceteUf H5, ihw they do^TO^ always

A Relation of the State

ceedwithhim, fince he is fubjeft to indifpofitions' and qaalms'in his ftotnach , which can be attributed to nothing but indigeftion,the debility of his natural heat hindring the concoftion of fuch nmiriihing meats as they ordinarily feed him with. Excrcife, however, does him good, for he walks in the G a l-: lery^ and in his Garden j and fometimes a foot in thofe Streets that are the leaft frequented about the City. He finds eafe likewife in Purgations, for which purpofe he ordains the Retreat he makes in\; the Campagnia of Rowe,both Spring and Fall.' From all which it happens , that being aflaulted on the one ; fide by the weaknefs of his Complexion , and upheld j en the other hand by all that the Arc and Induftty : of Man can inventj he may hold out poflibly to the ■ three and fixtieth year of his age , which will be his ’ Climaterical, for at that time are thofe bad humors principally encreafed and ftirred up. He is not free from the pain of the Stone , which is fo ordinary at Rowe, being very often tormented with the difficulty ofmaking Urine by certain little Stones, which are fooneft bred in thofe of a delicate conftitution , and who apply themfelves to bufinefs- For it is certain, that none can tic themfelves to it more than the Pope does, who hardly lets pafs any morning with out giving audience, employing the remainder of the day in the difeuifion of the moft knotty affairs. And although he does fometimes divertife his more troubled and wearied thoughts by Entertainments of ZiteratHre, as oiVoetiy, Hifiorji or Pelky amqngfit Learned men ; it is neverthelefs impoflible bu^ his Spirits mull then hkewife be very bufie and intent, in making reflexions on the choice difeourfes have been held before him ; to which mult be added fuch things as fometimes difquiec him; fo that it is no

w onder,

ofthe Court &fKorns,

Wonder j if with all this a complexion of it felf buj feeble, cannot fuffice toalltbatisnsceflkry for tiig funftions o f his natural life. The Pope is of a ftature fathev low than midling ^ , of a black hair , which never till now began to turn gray, and, which is a fign of the debility of his natu ral neat, his skin is white , inclining a little to the Leaden colour , which is likewlfe another convincing pioof -of that difpofition I have before noted. He loves neatnefs, and indeed an extraordinary decency in all things, but partiailarly in his diet and cloathsj and therefore the care and induftry of thofe that cover his Table , and make ready his Viands, is fo great, that they omit nothing imaginable , lor the Jeaft fault,. either in the Meats tlicmfelves , or the Dreffing of them , were enough to anger him., But for his Cloaths, he is as curious of the heft Linnen, as i f he were yet in the flower of his Youth j nor does it fuffice him to becloathedin the moft exquifit C loth, but he muft have his Garments en riched with all the Adornments that can give them moft luftre and price : as it is well known that when he goes into the Country, he wears fome that are gatniftied with little Diamopd Buttons, and other Ornaments, both Coftly and Magnificent, He hath the fame curiofity for the Places he dwells in , and pleafeth himfelf wonderfully in fair Houfes , which are fo contrived as to bring in the Light on every fide , and where nothing impre can be defired either in the Stmfture or the Ornament; which is the caufe , that in the Houfe whether he retires in Spring and Autumn, he was not contented with what Urbm had done, but hath added new quarters to it , and changed thofe that were there already, that it might be magnificent and Kpyal> He hath B J enlaiged

AKelafionoftheState

enlarged the Palace of the ^uiriitd with fair and long Apartments > for the ule of fuch as belong to the Popes Hotife, having had as little regard for the great expenccs required in the conftruaion of thofe £diiices) as if he had Mines of Oold^ or as if the Se-* curkyofthe Ecclefiaftical State had coniilted there in. But the Popes pleafure is not bounded with the enlarging and einbelliihing onelyof the Papal Pa^ laces, he ihows the fame paflion for the whole City. And thus it being in his thoughts and deligntoembelliih it in the fame manner, as thofe Komxn Empe rors formerly with much care and heat endeavoured to do, to w it, Aiiguftu-s ,Ve[fafiiuiiX>omitia/i y and Others 3 he hath given full power to the Magiftrate , who hath the office of furveying the Streets, to pull down Houfes and Palaces, where he judges the eon— venicncy and ornament o f theCity does require it. So thatjin effeft, one may fee them very bufie every day in deraoliffiing of antient Struaures, either to make forae places the more fpacious & uniform, or to op*n a fitter way to Ibme new llreets, and to that purpofe thereisa Tax imppfed «n ths iiMghbouring Dwel lings, which obliges the Proprietors to pay to thofe, whofe Houfes have been pulled down, a fum pro portionate to their value. And the Pope does ib much delight herein, that as fongas hi? time lafts., Ik will not ahflaiq from making thefe changes , there being neyerwant o f occafion, either to remove, or to rehuild in ^ ^Cjty , where in. the time the Bdr-, parwar poflefle4 it r,the Houfes were railed without any Symmetry, onely for the convenience of the In habitants j and from this arifes fb many complaints in the C ity, that without any neceificy, onely for the of the Pope, andfometimes of his Minifters * F e llie s , that have but mean For-

. tunes.

of the Court of Roms.

tunes , ihould feel the weight of fuch grand Pay ments-, which brings them neither benefit norconveniency in return. But that which exceeds, ail theie exceflive Expences , is, what he hath bcfto-A cd u-pon that great and vail mailiePartica which he hath undertaken to raife round about the place of tire Bafiliqitc Vaticme , for having changed the Defign that famous Architeft Mkhicl Angel 'BuoiUiotii had formerly laid , who wrought with fo much fuccefs at the fame Temple of Sc. Veters, and reduced this work to one range of Viirticos , which without any cxceffive expence would, have made it an admirable Strufture and very commodious for the Coaches, either when it rained or fhined; having changed this defign, 1 fay , lie follows that of fome Modern Arciiiteits, who have made it of an extraordinary greacnefs., for iris to be of a Circular form , With three Walks or Alleys, and all of Scone of Tivoli. And although the Architefts have found by th'eir Calculation , that the expcnce will not exceed five hundred thoufand Crowns; yet if we reckon accor ding to what the little that is finiihed already hath cofh we find, that what is pioportionably to be done, cannot be completed hardly foi a million c£ Crowns, Thefe high and great defigns are veiy certain marks,, that the Pope has a Soul truly Royal ; and truly hetnakes it appear in all the publifk aftions he undertakes, as may be feen by the reception he made of the. Queen of Svoedm , in whi?h be omitted nochliig that might add any glo ^ or, luftre to make; it proud and equal, if it were pofuble, to the Ancient Rmin Triumphs; and by his Magnificence he in cited the whole Court to fhew the camplaifance

they

A Relation ofthe State

they take in following and imitating Iicrein the in clinations of his Holinefs : But when we conlider «n the one fide , that the Apoftolique Chamber is drained by the infatiability of the preceding Popes , and on the other fide, that the times ate mifetable and bad, the profufion of fo much Tteafure appears to the world to be ill husbandry and not in feafon , fince it might have been employ’d with more praife and merit, and to better purpofe , for the moft preifing Neteilities of Ch/'ijiesdow, who looking upon Rom as the North-Star to guide them, and the Pope as their Tutelary God , cannot but be afflifted to be hold him, inftead of healing their wounds and compofing their diftraftions, amufing and pleaiing himfelf in raifing and adorning o f {lately W all s. How ever, it cannot be denied ," but fuch great Spirits do tstremely thirft after Glory and Renown. The wife{l men, who perceived it from the beginning, al ways fcoifed at the Popes fparingneis in the firft years of liis Reign, as not being willing to fee his neareft kindred, much lefs inrich them : nay more , it was their opinion, that he affeaed this little glory of re nouncing his particular Interefts, thereby to acquire himfclf a greater afterwards, as if already he had the ambition to do thofe things, which Popes o f a moil holy life could never do before: But fince that the world has found the Pope extremely glad to be induced by the Cardinals and the Minifters of other Princes, to call thofe cS his Family to Rom , while in lb doing it might appear, that he was rather prompted to it by the eunieft intreatics 'of all the Coun, than by the flatteries of his kindred. Rome is too fubtlc , and can dive too fer into the defigns of thofe that comtvand liernot to perceive th is, and bow rlgoioufly foever they foibid them &oro judging of

ofthe Court of Rome,

the aftlons of their Princes j yet would they noP iorbear iconthisoccaiion. And to fay tinth, they could not apprehend how the Pope » who hath fo much ambition to revive the memory of his Anceftoi's, could fuftijr it to be buried in the oblivion of his kindred yet living j thefe were contradiihons that could not in any wife be reconciled. B u t, however it were then, certain it is, that at prefent they are fo . well at their eafe , that ihould the Pope die , they will have no caiife to envie others riches : anon 1 fhall give the reafons more particularly. But e’ re I go further , 1 will not omit to let you know the Original of this Houfe , and by what degrees the Pope could rife to fo high a Dignity. His Nobility is as confiderable as could be in the City of Skm , where they are regiftred in the num ber of thofe antient Families , that have been ho noured with fuch Commands as that City is wont to beftow upon her Members, and have maintained themfelves by their Alliance with thofe Families that were nothing inferior to them. But this is not the foil time that they have made themfelves known at Monte. In the time of Ju lm the Second the Houfe of the Chigi had employments in the Court, not of Prelature , but Offices in the Chamber, which ipreads the names of thofe that exercife them over all parts ; and at that time the Chigi made theirs the more known , becaufe they hapned to ferve a Pope both paifionate and turbulent above all others. Whence follows, that becaufe of the profufion of monies thofe that arc thus ta(h are forced to make ufe of to maintain the Wars they undertake. Augu~ ftin^ Cbigi ] who maiuged the Treafury j had a fair opportunity to play his partj being naturally aftive.

A Relation ofthe State

But though he were very ftirring , and that there was tnueh jealoufie;about the adminiftratioii, yet Julius never liad the k ail diilmft of his integrity , on the contrary he tellifi’ d the good opinion he hid of him by thofe marks of Honor he beftowed , in ado pting both him and his Heirs into the Houfe of the Rovere j whofe Arms they bearco this day. Since that, in the time of Pnul H I, ( as great employments are expofed to great dangers ) thofe of the Houfe of Chigi found themfelves eclipfed a little of their foil fplendor , which was caufe that the bell of their means being alienated, and efpecially their delicious Garden on the Tyber > juftoppofice to the Pa,lace (^Faraefe , which remained to the Houfe that held the C h air, they returned to their Country, where in a moderate , but honorable condition, they quietly palled their time, till an opportunity offered it felf to Fabiiis Chigi, who is Pope at prefent, and who was then a young boy of great hopes , to reiallate hiaafelf in a better fortune , as he was encou raged by his Parents and Friends , who believed , that a petfon adorned with all manner, of virtues wnuld much wrong hinrfelf, (hould he hide thofe rich Talents, and let them lie buried in idlencfs, by not going out from the gates o f his own City. But he was hindred by the little wealth he had , and alfo becaufe his friends had not been able to advance themfelves daring the long interval that thofe of his Family had been kept from the Court: Nsverthelefs, \Aere power is wanting, his confidence In puttinghimfelf forward by what means foever (hewed itielf. For being come to Ro.n:^ he got acquaintance of the Marquis. PdUvichio, at that time a young man of great virttijs, andfot that caufe ever very welcoin tai

ofthe Court Rome.

to whine. This is he , who fince made himfelf a Jefulte 5 and who having been promoted to a Cardinalihip fometime fince, will oblige us to fpeak foraewhat of him, hereafter. Tliis Marquis then brought him to the Pope’s feet, andprefented him as a perfun capable to bring anybufincls about with honour, when ever anyoccafion profer’d tôlerie the Holy Chair. His manner of depomnent pleafed tire Pope, lb that ho.v mean foever Iris eftablilhment were at h: f t , it waj'not long ere he was appointed tp be Inquifitor a'tiliaÌM, in which employment he having made his worth ap pear, was ihortly after lent in quality o f ViceLegate to Fenra. There it was, that wnac had been conceived of his virtue being m adeknoan, he was fent Nuncio to C«//c» , ina time when the divifiqns of Chriftendome were at their heighth. .And al though in this employment he did no,t fucceed fo well as to conclude thé Peace, yet he performed his part and devoire admirably well. Bur becayfa the Ptoteiiant Forces prevailed, vi’ith wKpip hé coiild have no communication,, being Miniftef to the Pope , it was not ftifficieni: that tip had' ihiuted the . Catholiques to make a fairand, jiifl; at;cijmni0 4 atioii, whilft the others flood ftifly on their cxieffive pre tences, fo that hé could nor aft as; it might have been hoped he would H^vedone., had he. been to Negotiate between two Parties of thefqme Religion: but what is wonderful, is that the |ànathe ïmpeiiali^s, who were both tired an4 difdpnrcnted', being iffoughttothispafs to make the beft accom modation they could, the firft with dre HoUanders , and the others with the FtMcb, not oijpiy wichpuc any advantage, but even to the prejudice o f R eli

gion,

A Kelatiott ofthe State

glon 5 and the Nuncio having exprefled a great deal of hjs difplcafure to both of them , he did it yet in fuch a manner as left no ill impreffion on either Par ty , but on the contrary they were much edified to find nothing but zeal in him, judging thereby that he was fomucha better Minifter to his Prince, by how much he difapproved what they had refolved to do, rather out of necelTity than any gooi-w ill, onely to prcferve both themfelves and their Religion from greater danger. He Irehaved himfelf with the fame prudence when he returned to Komi, for being called to the charge of firft Secretary , though he fucceeded the Cardinal Vioidrolt, in whom Nature had aflembled all the circumfpedion and craft that could be defiled , and that he was to fetve a Pope fo difficult to be pleafed, as Isaofeaf was j yet did he carry things fo w e ll, as that Pope was fully fatisfi’ d in all matters that he negotiated; and above all things heihunn’d as a precipice medling with the interell of the Pope’ s N iece, who would have all the Mlnifters to acknowlolge ihe was both Lady and Miftris of that Prelate; and the Pope had fo great a confideration for h im , that being at the laft extremity, where the heart fpeaks more then the tongue, and where all diffimujation is laid afide , he recommended him as a man very worthy to fucceed him in the Papacy; fo that it was not without reafon that your Lordffiips from that time conceived for the Cardinal Ch'm, that good opinion that ever fince they have had of h im , and amongft thofe you recommended to the Lords Cardinals Krtigidmo, Vidnm, and Ottobitono , I re member that he was the fiifi named by thofe thatreprefented you in Germiayy as having all thofe merits teqwifite to fill tb? vacant C h air: which alfo hath

very

ofthe Court of Home.

very happily fucceeded. And truly, if we conlider the good conduit of h^s life, the integrity of his ^lanners,^ and his knowledge of the Interells of all States, which are all qualities that meet in the Pope’ s Perfon, there is no caufe you lliould repent your wiilhing it, or your having laboured to raife him : but the mifchiet is , that what goodnefs and integrity Jotver the Cardinals have, they no fooner begin to tafte the fweetnefs of being Mailers, and having no Supe rior but God, but they change their natures, and think themfelves no longer obliged to follow thofe Maxims they faid were rooted in tlieir Souls whilft they were Cardinals. Who would believe that Pope Alexander having fo grrat a capacity , .whereby he can truly judge of the dangers Chriftianity is in , fliojild have alfiftcd the Ttirit to advance and eftablilh an Arfenal in Candía o f all his Forces , and that he Ihould have (hewed himfelf evciy way fo obftinate , as he did , in reiufing thole benefits which mighrferve in this conjunñure ? Who would ever have thought, that, a Cardinal, who, before his promotion to the Cardinallhip, breathed nothing but zeal, and feemed to langullh with for row , to behold the miferable eflate that Chriffendom was going to be plunged into by that obftinate W ar between two of her greateft Crowns, (boujd not, being raifed to the Holy Chaii'jburnwith the like ardor for a general peace ? Who would have believed , that when the moft eflencial matters were agreed upon for the healing of our prefent niiferies^ he fltould feek to quarrel ■ for

^ Relation ofthe State

for very flight rcafonsj which have no other obj:ft> but either lo amplitie his juritdiftion, or maintaia his a.vn Opinions and Sentiments ? I {hall hint at many of thefe changes in this difcourfe, that your •meft ferene Lordlhips mayconfider, as they have ever done, what confidence they may put in the words and proroifes of thefe Cardinals before and af ter their Elevation to the Papacy , who becaufe they cannot at firft gainfay, what they have fn lately de clared they would do, afterwards by degrees lay afide all manner of refpeft during their R eign , and onely knit themfelves to what their own proper interefts, ór the fuggeftions of their flatterers inlpire them with. BuV, in the mean time, not to omit what I promifed at the beginning to make knowi^ con cerning the Pope’ s neareft kindred; thofe towards whom his Holinefs bears the greateft affeftion, are the Lord Von Mario his' Brother, who married a Gentlewoman of SicBtf of the Houfe dc Za CiajiJ, and the Lord ihwio his Son, at this time Cardinal, and firnamed the Cardinal Padrone , that is to fa y , Ma llet. He hath a like, and perhaps a greater affedlion for the Lord Augnfim , the Son of another Brother, who was named Augitflini'ani this was he who having two years fince married the Prince Sorgbefe’ s Sifter , remained Head of the Family after the death of De« Mmo. I think it therefore neceflary to give an ac count of all thefe to your moil: Serene Lordfhips , fince, as I have already faid, the divers accidents that hapned , did not permit your Minifters to re late any thing to you of certainty.

The Lord Don Mark, who is five years elder then ihe Pope, is belovédìif^his Holinefs, as much as the lie and relation of kiridted between them, and the -

irfpeft

of the Court <?/Rome.

refpcâ he hath ever had for him does require, with, our having, however received any other favour, bccaufe the laid Lord Do» iW® .obaving for the moç^ part had but a mean fortune, could not aifift him ^ being' young, any otherwife than by wiihlng he’ might arrive to that grandeur , and by prefaging his felicity , the little wealth that came to his ibare be ing allotted to other ules. And as he nothing at aJj rtfem blesthePopeinvifage, fo likewifc are their manners and genius very different The one is lean, and the other is fat : the one is great, and the other little : the one is flow and m ild , and the other is prompt and fevere : the one is addiéfed to fiudy and learning, the other never applies himfelf to it : the the one is of a high fpirit, and ever undertaking great things, the other burns with covetoufnefs, and pleafes himfelf with nothing but infeeking out the means toamafs much Treafure : And bccaufe the Pope hath a good opinion of his integrity , he hath given him the Government of Rome , in what con cerns the means to maintain abundance or plenty, and to content the people. But inftead of that , there is nothing elfe heard over all the City but complaints againft his Miniflers or Officers, w'ho buy and'ingrois before the feafon, to retail and fell it to advantage , and who have other Monopolies , not onely of Profits j which' none till his tiiiis had ever thought on or praéfis’ d , but likewife all rhoft which cwllome had allowed under other Popes, whofe neareft kindred ever manag’d them. In the prefent Government there is this befides, that they do what they can to improve the Offices more than ordinary , which are us’d to belong to the Pope*s kindred , by fuch ways and fubfiltics as were reŸêi herttofire'ttiadi trial ofi

a delation ofthe State

In the Government of Borgo, where the Lord Ven Mxtio exercifing his jurifdittion, makes th?t of Governor of Kowr to ceale with a notable augmen tation of the Profits of his Tribunal, he makes ufe of Ib much rigour, that every day one hears nothing but .lamentations, and by his inexorablenefs to ihew favour, he riiakestheprefent Government to be come more and more odious. It liatlr feldome hapned to me to have had any affairs with his Excel lency , becaufe it belongs not to his Office to me4 dlewith any matters which the Pope treats of with other Princes , unlefs he have an cxprefs Commiflron j yet did 1 not omit to wait upon him at thofe times we are wont to renew our complements j and 1 ever brought away particular afliuances of the great efteem he hath for your moil ferene LordIhips. The Lady Beremce his Wife , although Are were born in a City where they feldome live after the Court faihion , hath fo admirably faihion’ d her felf to it in the {here time Ihe lived at if , that fheis able at prefent to teach others : which we ninft not wonder at, lìnee whatever fhc fpeaks is naturally ac companied with fuch a certain kind of modefty and affability, as gains the aflèflion and attraéls the refpeft of all thofe that converfe with her. She may be about 48 years o f age. She is rarely admitted to the Pope’s pre fence ; nor does (he feek very much to crave his favour, it being fo enjoyned her at her firft appearance in , that foby her abftaining to intermeddle in things not concerning her, the Court might perceive how odious it was for the Niece of Pope Inaoce?it to delight in the management of all affairs; wherein heihatfuftercdic was much more hlamcable than her felf. The

of the Court of Rome,

■ The Cardinal f/di io Chigt, is a >oung man of years,of a mean heighth, black hair’ d, and his vifage round and fat, of a eonfticucion m ixt betwixt a San guine & Melanchollique. He would enjoy his health more peifcffly were he but moderate in his diet, wherein he exceedsrfor he eats much,& very nouriihing meats, without regarding the precepts given him for the prtfervation of his health. It is faid likewife, that he’s not fo moderate as he ought to be iii his plealutes of the fleih,which oWiges him oftner tHan might be expefted from his youth, to keep his bed : but the Phyfitians , becaufe the Cardinal forbids them , do not tell the Pope the true reafons o f his confinement, for fear his Hoiinefs iliould have an ill opinion of him , and look upon him as a débauche’, that loves both Wine and Women too much. I cannot affirm any thing with certainty of his ability in affairs, becaufe if he be able to do no more than he dees , I muft fay,that he can do but little, fince one gets no thing from him but complements, fair excuses , or ptomiles, which in the end turn to nothing, making all his anfwers fpeak either of the repug nance he met with in his Hoiinefs , or fome other motive,thac was ocCafion of the refufal, çr delay of an Affair. And for thi? realbn j I thought it far better in any thing of importance to so my felf direâly to the Pope , than to make ufe of the intetceifion. o f the Cardinal , who being for the moil part diverted by his Paftimes , either forgets fome of thofe circumilances which are very eflential to a bufinefs, which might make the fuccefs the more eafie, or elfe acquiefees with the firft denial, or difficulty the Pope -makes ift it; and this brings aftetw ^ s a double trou ble, firft to inform him quite anew, and then to take off fome preiudiçé or mifccnftruftlon ît may before C fiaVg

A Kdation4ff the State

Jiavt; left on liis fpirlt. 1 hive been forc’d to fleer the famecouife, when 1 hapned to have any Petition to preientj to obtain theprovifitMis of fotne benefits for any fuchpeifon as haddeferved w ellj either of the State or the Erabaffie it fclf, becaiife if 1 reli’ d upon thé promifeof the Cardinal, -Icommonly found my ielf-deceive de H.e would'fendnie -back to the C,ar— dinalPrticr that Signs fitch Writings-j affuring me, that the Pope referred himfelf wholly In matteisof Collation of Benefices to him. So that perceiving it was pure wedknefs of judgment it proceeded from, orthe little care he took to-do me any courtelie, 1 never afterwards made any great account -of bis mediation^ when I had occafion to itreat of any thing that-required difpatch : becaufe this Cardinal, who is called the Matter, docs exercife his Maflerihip more in Spending his time merily , and avoiding the moil he can all troublefome affairs that difturb his m ind , than in rendring himfelf confiderable , as he might b e , in an -employment that gives him the greattft authority. This Cardinal does not ihow anygreat-defire of heaping up riches, becaule, fer* -haps, having no Nephews iflued from Brothers , and 'finding his Branch ends in him, he little cares to acquiremucKTreafure to enrich the Defeendants of his C-oufin Van Auguftm, on whom otherwife all the -advantagesthac Fortune canbeftow on a Man, will (fall. In things, indifferent this Cardinal hath- ever treated meyérycivilly -, -and hath ihewed me a pat' ticular afieftion ; and truly rbelieve , if he had but Tnore courage to undergo the part he afts, by his ■ means,-one might receive greater favours of his Ho“linefs, -than thofe which now come from him ordi-haril^buthÿfittle-ànd llttlei He fliows, thathe is vers’ d in mfïHiftory , f o ïh ïje k t w from time to ----------

oftheCourt ofRomeí

time out happy fuccefs, and he fays freely » that Italy Would'be vcty unhappy , had fhe not had this Ré publique for a Bulwark , which hath bounded the ■ ambition of Strange« , and repelled the rage and iiicroachments of Barbarians. When I took leave of'his Excellence, I could not delire greater expreffions of his afteftion than thofe he ufed , accompany ing them with proteftations , that he would pafs the bounds his Holinefs hadprefçribed him , to ^ v e all kind of fatisfaâion to your Excellencies in the matters then in hand. Thefe are his own words , It

ii not reafonabk that the difcontent for panicttlar affairs fheuld canje aprejudke to that which concrrns the General y rvhichis, to maintain the Grandeur pf that State infeparable with thefplendor of Italy, The Lord Don Mario hath no other Son thao this Cardinal, but hé hath befides two Daughters,' married at Sietta in noble Families , that have but moderate Fortunes, proportionate to the condition of the Family of the Chigi, in the time they were married : and thefe are they drat ihowedthefflfelves not Jonglince at Rome, whae they were exceeding well receiv’ d and carrefs’d by their Father and their Motherland the Cardinal Chi^ ; butthey were not received with fo many token? of afléítíon by Auguflin, for the reafons that I ihall declare; I can not certainly tell, whether they obtained a compe tency from the Pope to maintain them in the con dition they are in , becaule things were carried with a great deal of circumfpeftion in not making Mown what was done, for fear the Court flrould think thap die Popé yiralted thé Demeihs of St. Prier , tp put his kindreds Wives in a handfome condition ; and for fear likeyvlfc of giving feme caufe of jealoupe to C» ' PffiT

-2o .A Relation of the State V o i t Aiigitj^iiv, vshosJipefting hereafter to be ,Chief of the tam ilyj could not blit.with trouble behold fa many others -, that were not of the Pope’s Mafcu'line Lincj thus eratifi’ d or enrich’ d : It is cerciioi-hiiwever, that the Lord Von Mirio and his Wife, did not let them return empty handed , but gave ,thea£i j a ihare of what they had ftored up , and do endeavour to encrcafe with io much Art and Induftry.

But let us proceed to the other Branch defcended, as I faid, from Augupn Chigi , which confifts of two Lords, Von. Augufiin and Sigijtmd. As for the hrftj who may be about 1 4 years of age , he is naturally merry, very pleafing and amiable. He never appli’ d himielf at all to ftudy, but in thofe Exercifes as befits a Gendeman. He loves to pafs his time as well as any man, and cares v a y litde to heap up any thing , becaufe he knows there are thofe that do it for himí Asfoonas ever he cametoüfli«c , they thouglit of providing a Wife for him , and caft their eyes upon the belt Match in the vyhole,Court, to w it, the Grand-daughter of the Prince Antony Borghefe, But they could not bring it to país with that facility they imagin’ d, becaufe the Prince, being a roan t^ c was very wary , efpecially when it concerned the interell of his Fam ily, fcofted at the Piopolition, fay ing , That he (hoiUd take that Alliance for a-very great honor, butfirfi defired tofeepca Auguftin have grea

ter.maltb and dignity , that'fi Us Granchild rnigbt at leaft be able to k<^ep a rank fiiitahk to her quality and mrits. Thefe excufes the Prince made were not very pleafing to the Pope , who at the fir'll word ivould liaye had him made more account of bis Alliance

than

ofjh e Cmrt.ofRome.,

than anynther conlid?ration whatfoever. For this caufe thè’bufirièfs 'huni a long while in iiifpence, . b u t . ' r e p e a t e a ' a p p l i c a t i o n s ,oF. £ove and Cdurlrfuj) from thè. Lord bon Juguflin, who follow ’d íiéat j as; having the Conilable Ca/fl^h'for h is'R ival',' á young man of moll excel Ipi» qaàlicies, and tovi'ards whom the Princefs, feemed ro have a gieafor inclmatipn than for hlmfdf. But tire'Prince jBa.gbc'/è'ddtàfh fiapniug thereupon, and the' Tweiage falling^, .tp, the Princefs her Grand mother, in a few'days^by the. mediatiorvof the Princefs Énjô her mgtiêr^his jyiatch’ concluded , , cónfidèrable' for he^rât X)pwry'‘-Vhicli was one . hundred and ' four'l'cqre ' thoufand Gfowns, belides what might hereafter iall to her by fuccellion, the Houfe of the Borghefes ^hoying but one mote H e ir, a young Lord of a fomeyvhat mclahcholIique.",confli.!r,, tutiori, who neVertljjtlfs. about the fame timo, out of : divers good conltifoirations'', would needs, yvedanothef young Lady à'Hdving'moreêgard to her Beauty and Virtue, than her Riches.' Von juguflin , as’ well ashis Hpline.fs , thoqght, by th? oonciiyanceof this Match, which was hejjâtqd with/;all the Pompimaginibic, cim they nid'-^hlillied, the wppineis of thelt Fa^nily óti ,th,e beftfoúridation .^ha^ciQuÍd he ; ; In efifedl, the Lady beingap,.extraQtdinsry Beauty , and brought up u n d e r ' o f her Grand mother i 'a very. Keffilous^'peripn , .there ■could-, be nothing moré defirea upon that accoujit j , and h* hith'already’bégúii tq'^fto.the &uitô£,it; the Princèfi'having .given hímrnejmái^s óf.h er/fó by the birth of a yoiihg Daughter {he hath brought him. This does not, hovyevpr ^ hinder X>u« juûfliii. from diverting .hitofelfeirewhere, according as his temper andfancy IcidsTi'ina 5.! and bis,gr'eat .inclination ,jo

' ■ ■ ‘"C"}'' '

■ •

pleafure

A Rélaiíeihvfthe Áaié

plcafure. When it comes iit fiás ¡Sioughts. Thls^ítií" nefs of all toftfent iWajtirtg him joi get liisfirflj-MnditiOn , hath To puff’d himup wlfli pride, that he, teems to take no notice of thole wliô 'paiïihgbw fa, luti him in the ftreets ; which jikéwife makes him not^ fApuch beloved as his other' fairer qualitiesdelefvei ' N a y , it is not long iincehe ma^'ïhëwpf tiielittte refpeft or regard he had fût períarts of* gréât conditionj for haying taken; fóÍTie diflafte at the pla- ' ciflg or fitting of the Coiilïâhite,(ià/ô3 ;iei , 'Tie'.ap pointed the Cavalier very difobligirtg aft , by ttífüftíñ^;,"c|é (^nftatíe cut of his place at a Comedy , Wliefeàt the Colonnes be ing offended, the Pope wâs ¿¿treme angry, arid would have ittaken. up by'^ády íiiéanS whatever} as it was afterwards done , but 'in thé ríame of the C a -' valier , who was but an itifírument in that añlbn : but thisinfulting lefta gréât déàï of difcotitent on thé fpirits ofdle CStóííVeí lgâinTl|Î)û»yí«g»]í¿íz,vvho wasthepMridpaiaiithDrpfÆ' ' ■ ' A whilè âftèt Tiis fjbptiajsj ' hé 'pürehafed îii the i Province b f ^ PatfimbMV fhí" fevênty thoufand Crowns,■ theTfîrtctedityhfJFâhiïj^ , which isfaidco bë a F ie fr f thé E h plig ¿TW 'thoufand Crowns Rcvenui. : ‘Hë“hath-'alih®^r^afed a confideiable Palace foi-his Fám ilyt but'héiïdé* thefe, hepiirchffcs hrtléjlidngafVdttéXpéflce:^ bu upon hçpcs that the P o ^ ’ s long lijfb. Wîlj'fuïniih him with Ways #>houph to eíftrítfííiílff KíctííifVi:Í« u-a.,« -

Ihave had divers occafiony tol^ak.w iiii him of b‘b Marriage and other sffiirs } arid he hath ever given m e ttftifnony ofa^eatCH Ccin and particular

afteftion

ofthe Court ofKomc.

affeftion 5 which proceeded , as he tbld me , fiom the Pope’ s good-will, from whom I truly never heard any thing , but what was much in piaifc of this Se rene Republiqiie. lh ave obfervcd likewlfe, that the Princefs iii« Wife 5 though ihe were but a Novice in tlie way of treating the Minifters of Princes, hath now infottiKil her felt fp far , as to let them know what fatisfaftion ihe receives by the devoirs they render her, and how much fire is obliged to theit civility. It remains nowtofoeak oí Don iigifmond ^ who arrived at Rome but a ferv weeks before my depar ture. He is a Youth of twelve years of ag e , and feeras to have much of his Brother’ s way , and,forafmuch as can be noted in him at preflent, is very fair con dition’d, and of fo mach judgment, as ptomifeshe will in time prove fomewhat¡. As ibon as ever he came , the Pope delighted to reafon with him foinetimes, -thereby to di&over his vivacity .5. and was ever well fatisfi’d. Don Augnjiine will do aU-:he can to have him made Cardinal. But if the Pope fol lows his own Maxims, hefhould not favour him therein , having affirmed it a horrid thing to behold fuch Under-Branches in the Sacred Coliedge, However, we may believe tliete is.nothing but he may do , fincehe hath already begun to .-eiceedall that he at firft propounded tahave done.' In the tcrim, this little Nephew hath already feveral' Penfions, and ifthePopefurvive hisrlnfancy, itm ay then be ealiei to obtain a Cardinals Hat for him. There are two Nephews by the Pope's Sifter, whomatfied into the Family of ^ C 4

^ Relation ofthe State

is he that was made Cardinal at the laft promotion with the Father Sfor'Kf Pallavk'mo, and the other is the Prior, who hiving relided fomewhile near your Excellencies, in quality of Receiver for the Religion of Malta, and haying Lkewife been three times with the jSquadion of the Popes Gallies at Cmdia , in quality of Lieutenant General, hath made himfelf fully acquainted to your Excellencies As touching the firft , I have no great mat.er to fay of him , for having not been long ai Pome , I could not ptrfeftly know him; It is faid, however, that he would have been a better Bifhop than a Cardinal ; for he hath made it appear that he can govern a Church well , which is that of where he is Prelate, but he hath not yet ihown that lie hath the. Talent ro go thorough any great affairs ; nor did I trouble my felf with any further information. I did reve rence him as 1 ought, when occafion profer’d to complement him , and 1 alfo cook ray leave of him at parting, very well fatisfi’d with the manner of his reoepiion , and ihe fentiments he hath for this Republique. ' But as for the Prior, whom common Fame com mends as a man. of great merit?, he never made me fo happy as to know wherein that Virtue confifts , lìnee it is. ieftrained within a perfed o.bedience to thofe that can do him good , or ;raife him to fome degrees hngher than he yet Bands; for; he is ubr feivèd to make fuCh profound leverencps to the Pope’ s Nephews j that the loweff of their fêlants would not perhaps do the like. But as for his ^ w ledge in commanding at Sea , and taking bis ad vantages eiiherto attaque , or hotly purfue an Ene my , or in diftribiuring the pubJick Ticafiu e qrdainçd to

of the Court of Rome.

to that end , I (hall not need to wafte time in re lating it to your Excellencies, fince it was your felves informed me hew little benefit had been reaped by the Popes Galleys in thefe parts, wlicn commanded by this Cavalier. It is certain, that rhe laft tear there was a great deal ot Treafure put in:o bis hands, and it is as certain by the accounts that have been calculated’ without his knowledge, he can not have expended thè one half. But there are nunc fo confident as to advertize the Pope of thefe m.fdemeanors, becaufc he having fo good an opinion of him, would think it all to be Onelylpleene and envy that could be allcdged againft him ; and therefore you commanded me very prudently to abftain from all coipplaints , for fear of withdrawing the Pope’ s good will and forwardnefs in purfuing the fuccour you demanded of hirn, which, though it vvei e not difpifeable, became fo notwithftanding, by a not exe cuting of the Pope’ s true intehtioris therein. W hich nude me (though the Cardinal Chigi perceived foinewhat of thefe inifcankiges, towhoiiil might have opened my fclf with much freedom and aiVurance , and neither Pope nor Prior fhouldhavc known what 1 faid, that Cardinal having fo little inclination for him ) obey your Lordlhips moil punfiually in what you cammanded. But the common complaints hav ing not been kfpt fo clofe, but they came to that Car dinal’ s ear 5 he one d ay, perhaps to oblige me to -fpeak, told me , 'That he admired that the Prior, whofo much defired to gain honor and renown, had noi made

fome enurfri%eofhmfelffmi.e he found it unfit to un-‘ ¿ertale any loyntly with others : But lifting up my ihoulders, I onely faid , That it might be, the bad fartime of the Repiblique h'tndred fiich men, though vay skilful in the Art of w ar, and valiant, from Jhowing any '

'26

A Kelation ofthe State

any m t\i of their great courage ; The Cardinal per ceiving he could get nothing elfe out o f m e, faid fmlling. That the Trioi'had bad the good Iacinto be pri-^d more than he diferved, butyet unhappy in

not being able to maintain that good opinion had been conceived ofhim. The two Branches of the Houle of the Chigi, who otherwife do not agree very well > united together to hinder his being made« Cardinal, and it feemed to them they had done much in ob taining their ends herein , they judging the Prior to be a man.of a great w it, and one who, as foon as he could have had the power to have fpoken freely , would have made a divifion in their Houfe; they have more acquaintance with him than my felf j and by confequence may know him better. As for my own parr, I never could find any eminent virtue in him j nor do I believe} he deferves to rife to any great ho nor } to which he pretends to mount by, his diffembling humour. There is not among lb few kindred as have com mand} and who are in a direft line} fo great concord as there ought to b e } and this proceeds from a vain fpirit which makes eveiy one of them afpire to rule. The Lord P . Mario pretended , that he> as the moll antienc y and next to him y his Son at this time a Cardinal, ought to be head of the F am ily} and that by right it belonged to him to enaeafe their num ber by marriage. But the Pope, who had a greater afteiiion for his dilceafed Brother , than for him that is living, was of another mind, and from hence arelé the ill-will chat'hath ftlll encreafed amongftthem. The Pope never did any good to any of D. Mario’s Family, but D. Augufiin interpreted it partiality. He laid. It appanred to Cttdiual Chigi but a finali m t~ ■ -

—

•

ofthe Court ofRome.

set to have the quality of Patron , and the fupreme Superintendence of the greattft affairs , unlefs thev allowed him together with tliis the Authority of granting all A âs of Grace as lie ¡deafed. He added. That it was little benefit to him to be the Son of a Father , who with his puifchad raifed the Pope to that heighth of honor, if now , vyhilft he was in pclfeflion, he might not receive the profits and rewards deferved for his Father's former readinefs and libe rality. What will become j faid h e, of the heaps of ofmony D. Mario gather^ up , unleft -to cni ichthe Houfes of Strangers ? meaning his Daughters who were married at Sipit 3 leaving thofe naked and unfurniihed which ate of the.bloiad of the cWgr, who ougjit ftill to abound jn goods and riches. To which the Cardinal Chigi repli'd j That the Authority and Superintendence they had given him flood him in no flead, but to trouble h>s brain:, for which he had a averfieft i whereas they had left to the other the enjoymeht of all the delights and applaufe of the Court : Tliat J?. /íugujiiít tafled more con tent in the fleedpm he lived in , being difingag'd of the management of all publick affairs, chan himfclf could meet with amidft all that power and authority b^d invefted.him .withall : And thus neither of d>em, becaufe ofthêfe tontentious pretences , which thoughbuc whiipefedi areapvarent and known t« a l l , do enjoy that entire. fatisfaiSion they m ight, were their minds but united, and they contented with thofe degrees o f eminent Dignities which Fortune hath lifted them too,. '• Thé Pope knows "nothing of all this, they fieáring very much to give him any caufe o f difplcafuie ; and from this confideration his Holinefs does fometiines confer fevoui's upon the one> fometimes upon the other 3 thereby to keep them

A Relation ofthe State

them from all kinde of jealoulie.

He permitted

V. Miào to let his Daughters and their Husbands come to Rome, and would have them there attended and ferved as became thofe o f his own blood. He ' conlented that V. AigitfHrt ihould hnd for his little Brother to abide with him ; but neither ot them will' remain contented when their Authority ceafesj ' which difquiets them far more than a necefliry fer- ' vitaie would do. The Pope hath now at Sitm , as I have already' fiid, many others of his kindred, who are not con-^' fidcred much as y e t , becaufe they are of moire re mote degrees. They may , after the others are fufficiently inrlched , hope for feme good from his H o-‘ linefs, if he continue long alive, he being natu-' rally much inclined to favour thofe of his own Coun try , by employments proportionate to the abilities of his fellow-Citizens : there are already fomeithat have principal Offices at Court, who are delign’ d for Cardinals, and there are other places teferved for’ others, when anoccallon prefents:' To which n o -’ thing can be faid, biit the Ì?ope deferves a great deà|‘ of praife, in that he forgets not to do well for his' own Country, to which, next to God , we owe oUr felves ; and in that he does not imitate the pride of fuch, who being once abfent loofethe very-femdmJ bianceofit, and never take the leaf! càré for any one that had a being there. .... Butforafmuch as the Minlftryofthe Pope’ s kin-’ dred ferves«nely forfplendor andftate, and not in' any thing eflential; and that in preffing and weighty affairs it is requilite he be fortifi’d with the aflTiftanfe of fuch as have a clear infight into the managemebt ” Ò?

ofthe Court of Rome.

. of great Negotiatioios , from whom , upon occafion, prudent and folid councel may be taken. I have tfteem’d it fit to joyn, to the pourtraiâ I have made of his Hollnefs kindred, a Charaiter of thofe who aie made ufe of, in the moft important interefts of the Popgiome,and fuch on whofe «¡JJ depend-s moft com, monly the refolution of what is of the greateft confcquence.

T H e firft that prefents, is the Cardinal Rofpigliell’; * hoin at Pijîiap', who is Stcretary of State ; One cannot fpeak lo well of him , but he will defcive m ore, nor can I think there could be found aman worthier of that Office , and the Po pe, who knows him well, hath often faid , that he had found a Se cretary according to his own heart. He hath a great deal ef judgment, and is fincere and difingag’ d from all inteteftsjHe is not obftinate in hisopinionsjwhen he hath deliver’ d them, he takes pleafure in having them moderated and cenfured ; according as the fervice of his Matter does require ; He is indifferent in his fentiments , and although it be the common be lief, that having been Nuncio in Spai>i, where he be came extremely beloved of the King and C ou rt, he might bias that \vay ,, and cheriih forae inclinations for the advantage of that Grown; yet it is falfc, becaufe in my time there were fomc troubles in that •Court, vyhich might have been appeafed by the Me diation of a Miniftcr fo much in credit ; but the more they believed h e, took the Spuswiv/r part, the moie he abftained frommedling with their inteiefts. He did all hewas aWenot toglve audience, notdtfirjng fay other employment than hi« own charge J to whkh

A Relation ofthe.State

■ vhkli he applies himfeif with all the exaftnefspofllblc , carrying every night to his Holinefs all his af fairs digdlcd, and taking himfetf the pains te exa mine the Letters, whicli relate to any intereû that n ay be any way coiiliderable. I tan fa y , that he never feemed to be dilpleafed or «nvyilling tt> hear mefpeakj But it is true, that 1 had- a care never to demand audience of him, but inpreffing and cameft occafions, and always had the fatisfaftion that could be expefted from a Minifter, obliged to fvvetve the leaft that poflibly could be from the will of his Prince. Now this ought to be the more confidere^ , becaufe if the Holy Chair fhould happen to become vacant at this time, I efteem his hopes' very well .grounded, having the Spimiards and the Great Duke on his fide , and probably too the Heads o f the Faâions that would predominate in the Conclave, that is to fay, Barberim.,' who in Urban’ s time firft moved the wheel of his foaune,an(i who cheriihes him moll, as being hisCreâture. The fécond is the Cardinal Pit/toi«»«, o f whom :the Popes make great efteem , as well for the reafons I pointed out before, as becaufe of the very good opi nion he hath of him , holding it for certain , that he would never give him any counfel, which were not good and advantagious for the Church. To tell the truth j he is a man that hath very good intentions j and knowsxMuch , but he fails in what all thofe or dinarily do, that have devbtëdtRëtnfdresko a folitary lifo j an il^ h o prof3 s^ difterenF~way oTlivîtig hoin thote ofthe wôa3 ,beingextremely obftipare in ^ e ir opinionsr 1 h ^ difeourfed w ltK h ^ oh feveraToccahohs, even whçn he was a Jefuit ; and although f « ‘ the intereft ofhis order, which is now received

Txm'

cf the CouŸi of Rome.

'itito the iavour oi your tnoft ierenc RcpubJic^ue > he feemed extremely oefirous to da me foine plcafme , yet 1 never could truly obtain any thing from him. He hath a thoufand exaifes to defeat one o f thofe good offices he might do. Since he was made a Car dinal, though it were expeded one might hope for iomewhat more, yet 1 have found him Handing upori his guard more than ever , pleading the pretence or fome command the Pop^ had laid on him not to intermeddle in any affair that were not agreeable to him. In a word, I am not fatisfi’d with him, al though he often mtintion the deferts of his Anccftors from this République, and the obligations, which thofe of his Order- do in particular owe unto him. The Pope refers much to him in matters of Tlxoloty and Confeime , and confers with him , too, about thofe of Sf(tie, butjrather to,know than to fol low his advice, becaufe moil times he looks upori things according to -the rigour of the Ecdeuaftical Laws. The Spdnijfe Arabaffadour was not very well pleafed with h im , who when all the other Cardinals hzd been to vifit his Wdfe, he woiild n o t, upon a -pretence , that although he had changed the habit of'his Order, yet he hath not changed the R u les, which prohibits themto beÿnongft Women Inum cafes of great neceifiiy. Xais kind of behaviour , whichisanafFeaedrinaukrity, renders him odious to a great many peopfe. He did oblige your Lordftiips, whenhe put .forth bis Hrftory ^ anfwer •of the Book of the deceafed Padre.PiWl-«î t I * of Servants , wherein fpeaking too freely of a M iTiifter whom you have.io much cherilbeo,, he gavn ■ youcaufetooppofe h im , as you did atihe pubiication ofthat Hiftory, of Which having f a ^ to m ehj ‘V»#y <ftsc.ifc , 4 ptefenil-y -ih ifci

4 Relation of the State

cwirfe , that I might not be obliged to enter upou fLch tetchy fubjetts, upon which if ive liad pioceeded, lie might have kllcdged many Metaphyfical diftinilions, which it is not my profeirion to anfwer; but had he treated of that buiinefs in a way more liiitable to chat fiib jeft, I am confident I ihoiUd have been too hard for him, and put him at a (land. In divers things the Pope makes ufe of the Car dinal Conado, a Ferramn, and principally in thofe differences which Secular Princes have concerning tcclefiaftical matters, wherein his Holinels is but illfervcd , for that Cardinal is apure Legift. that hath no knowledge in the affairs cf the world , who alleages a decifive Text on any matter in queftion, without any regard to the decency or refpeâ is to be had towards a State , or any moderate inter pretation where requited ; for he never makes any account of this certain Maxim, Summum \m fumma infini. This man hath, and does continually oive diftafte to the. Cardinals and other Minifters of Princes , becaufe he keeps himfelf ftill to the rigour of the Canons, and will diftribute tlie Benefice» ac cording to Ills own fancy , and always upon pretence that it IS the Pope’ s wjU, which he turns as himfelf pleafes under a fair appearance of Sanâity. But the difguils he p r a x e s , and is accuftorned to put upon all the world , does more hurt to himfelf than to any one elfe , for having been fo unadvifed as to difeover his bafe humor , it hath drawn the hatred of all upon h im : So that for the Chair there is nothing to be expefted on his pan. 1 never had but little fatisfaftion from him. And indeed, iînce I began to know his defefts, I never took the pains to do him any courtelie that might acquire btsfavour,, vtliofe kind

0^the Court ¿/Ronie.

oiptrfons chinking they do in fome manner facrifice themrdm> whenfotvertheydobucin theleaft aei againft their own opinions to do a man a little pieafure. I tnuft alfo bring into this number Skn!a>' Bandiwlli, of Siena great Mailer of the Apoftoliqaé Pa lace^ an old Courtier j refined in the Great Oukc’ s Gourt.fi.om tvhcnce the Pope called him, and took him to His own fervice , knowing the noble manner of his ailing. He is not a man of a very profound knowledge , but of great experience ; which makes the Pope take great delight in conferring \ ith him , who ' is ordinar.ly well fatisti’d with his advice. Am'ongft other qualities that makes him coniiderablcj there is .one that is a veiy particular, which is , that he isde-fcended from Jk.ram/ir lU , who ha ving been forced to flie,and quit his ordinary abode , made his retreat in this République , who received him in'their bofome, and gave him their proteftioh , which he made life of toreprtfs the audacioufnefs of the Emperor FYcdericI; , that ' perfecu'ted him. He glories more in this, than in any thing bcfidcs, and hath a particular vénération for the maits of your Serene Ldrdflrijis. There is no, one more certain of a Cardinal’s Hat than he. It is due to Kim, for ha ving quitted his own Country, where, he was very niuch in favour, to go to Koiwe. When he hatha Cardinal’s Har, the whole Court, who already be lieve he deferves the fiiprertirfl: d.-gree , will be ra~ rilh’ d for joy.

S'ignlôrTFagnàn!), of the Stats of firiid , à Prelate well known at Court for his being blind , but iiiucH fltfore for being fo dear lighted in the Superincenr^ D defies.,^

^ Relation of the State

dence , which the Pope hath given him over thé affairs ot the Regulars , deferves that 1 ftiould make mention of him in this Treatifej becaufe thorow his means, I'have fometimes made an end of a difficult hufinefs , which otherwife I ihoul^ fcarce have over come. This Prelate hath a great deal of afFeftion for this Serene Republique , as having been the firft that found out the invention to draw mony from the fuppreifion of the unprofitable Religious O iders, as a!fo from the Scandalous j fo is he likawife ftill of opinion , that fince the fame necclfity ftill remains, they fhould make ufe of the fame means of fupply , there being poifibility and rcafon enough to continue k. But that defign having been inter rupted by certain zealous perfons 5 uponfome other pretexts which they found out ; he endeavoured to feek out fome other projefts to alfift your Serene Lordfhips therein. And truly he might havefound out fomethiiig cffeftual, did they as well fee the dangers at Rome, as they do in thefe places that are 1Ônear boidering unto it. However^ I did not omit to give this Prelate many thanks for his great good will, and I believe it will be very fit that you fhould return him thanks Itkewife: I think alfo, that his Ex cellency Sagfedi , who carries feveral Curiofities to prefent to the Pope’s Family , fhould beftow fome part of them on diis good man, who hathj and may yet render upon all occafions , all thofe good Officer which can be expeâed from the confidence his Holinefs puts in his advice j and the great credit he gives him. The Father V/rgilio Spada, one of the Order of the C ongiegation of St. Philip Neri, and Brother to the old Càrdiqal Sÿida > hatlvTome power with the • Popei

oftheCourt o/Rome.

Pope ; and upon this perfwaiGon 1 have fomecimes endeavoured to get him to ferve me upon occafion, but 1 found him armed with a thoufand excufes to evade doing rrie any good : whereat I did not after wards very much wonder , knowing he onely fought the advantage of his Family, being very greedy after his own intereft j and more ready to put the Pope in liiind of filling his own purfe, than feekiiig any laigefs for others ; This made me forbear to folicit? him , gueflitw the little profit fhat was like to re dound, to m a^ trial of other ways which your Lordftiips are hot unacquainted vyithal, although they all proved fruitlefs, and too weak, when it concerned his Hulinefs todisburfeany monies, which is no: kept clofer in his own Coffers, than it is by all the Court Prelates , whothink to gain credit and repute from his Holinefs, by exhorting him to preferve that M etall, which above all things makes the Ecclefiaflical Principality be highly efteeni’ d , as if it were nbt rather the Dignity and Sanflityof the Sove reign Prieithood chat render’ d the Papacy Majeftick , than the reputation of having great riches. But we need not doubt but their abufes being ar rived to the heighth we find them, the Eeclefiaftick Authority would be very weak and languiihing , were it not fuftained by a Temporal Power ; whereas if thofePrieils would lay afide their vanity ofagrandixing themfelves, and onely make good their'juft degrees and privilege, the Church would foon be lifted above all ocher Powers whatfoever. For to fay truth, Whofoevcr Beholds the Court of Rome fur- . paifihg in Magnificence aud State, the Courts of all other Princes^ cannot but wonder by what means. Upon fo flender aToundation, and fo far from the deligft aiid intentions of her firft Fouiiders, Ihe ihould

D 1

ù r«

A Relation of the State

have raifed her fdftofoproud aheighth. And al= though every one knows it proceeded from the L i berality and Magnificency of TetnporalPrinces , yet it- cannot but aupear ftrange to fee the Kontita Church turn thofc Benefits, (he hath received from thcm> againft themfelves to their prejudice j the C anonifts and other Emiflaries of chat Court ftudyin“ nothing more , than bow to ftrengthen and extend their Ecclefiaftical jurifdidtion , and abafe and diminifh the Secular, if they pdfiibly could. This point, wherewith you have licen fo often enter tain’ d , deferves yet ftill to be put into your memo ries, bccaufe without any diving into the depths of a profound Speculation, it may be obftrvedj that confidering the byrways the Popes do tread , and withal reflefting on the fincere conduft of Secular Princes, ofneceffity it muft follo w , that the Ecclcfiaftical Monarchy will become Millris of the Worlds and the Secular fall and become her Servant. Your Serene Signiory hath a great deal of Piety,,, and a particular Veneration for that Holy and Apoftolique Tribunal; who libewife hath a lingular good-will towards her but yet fire, knows well how far ihe ought to lEow her veneration; and herein (he carries her Pelf prudently, being very well advertifed ofthofe things which do inknfibly lead the C ourtofi 5i»»ii; to enlarge her Phylafferies more and more: And this Note (hall fuflfice by the way. And fince wc are now uponthe difeoiirfe of the Gfaiideur of the Court of Rome, it will not be amifs to (bow v/hu it is , becaufc as it appears great by looking onely uponthofe things wliich makes the Courts and Dwellings ofgther Princes conilderable, yielding, incftcift , neither for number of Minifters

rfthe Court ofKomc,

pi Officers to none in Chriftendome, it will feem yet far greater , by having forAfl'eflbrs and Counfellors leventy Kings, for they give that Title to the Car dinals in the A ft of their Creations ; and thercfoie it is that they are vefted in Put pie , and art ferved alraoft like Kings ; and when together with this Dig.nitythey have acquired a great Reputation, their Amity is fought by the moil puiflant Princes, who by publick or private Penfions endeavour to make them their friends, becaufe of the privilege they have of Elefting a Pope , and what by confequence muft follow thereupon, the Soveraign Dignity lights upon oneofthemfelves; and this is in Ihort thecaufe of ail their arrogancy , which otherwife is often re duced to contempt enough , befides the vexation of not being able to obtain any grace , unlefs they be the Pope’ s Favourits. It may be expefted that a Pope, who hath fo excellent a judgment to difcem how thofc perfons ought to be qualifi’d that are fit robe aggregated in that Sacred Colledge, as Pope AUxamkr hath , ihould promote none but perfons worthy of his choice : and, indeed , the Court hi therto hath no reafon to coniplain , lìnee he hath ad mitted none but fuch as deferved very much, and it is hoped it will be fo dill for the future. Now, though it would be needful to make an ex aft fearch and in quiry into the quality of the prefent Cardinals to know them thoioivly -, yet that vour Lordlhirs may have feme knowledge of him ; that lhall one day I'C raifed to the Chair, I diali make no difficulty to un dertake it ; and I dial! acquit mv fclf with much bre vity , becaufe there are many other tilings ro be ex amined , which your Serene Lordfliips will be glad coknoiV, The

A Relationofthe State

The Cardinal Chals de Medices, Uncle to the Great Duke otri/ciitji, Ik the Dean of the Sacred College. He never ihows himfelf at but when the Chair is vacant, he takes more pleafure at his own home , being free both from clamour and ex pence. He leads the Faffion, not without a great deal of hopes frpjti the Great Duke , who lon®T eth for nothing more than to have a Pqpe, that may favour him, becaufe of the troubles, and traverfes the Popes put him, to, who.J^le coiifider him. He was not at the Court whilft I was there. But the obligeing hiitnor of that Prince is not unknown to your Lordihips by other means, as likewiie the great joy he ever exprefl'es at the leaft news of your profperityi He is a man tharfpeaks little, hath a good wit, and ardently defires the advantages of his Family ; to ferve whom he rather fufter’d a long while in the Conclave , tlien gave way to eleift any perfon that might not be pleahng to the Great Duke.

Francis Bjrber 'mo, , who in the time oi urban m i his Domination made fome efcapes, being hurri’ d thereto rather by the impetuofity of his nature, than out of any evil intent, perceives at prefent that it is in vain to trouble the yyorld, having o<tréraely pre?judic’ d himfelf by difeoyering the violence of his paiSons. He hath loft all his hopes of ever attain ing to lit in the Holy C h air, which his Uncle Urban held, though othctvvife both forhisknowledge, and the candour of his mind , he is worthy to be placed therein. Which evidently Ihows, that innocency of Kfe is no fiifficienr motive to oblige the Cardinal's to chufeaM anforPope, itlùpniug v a y often ,, that together vhth the gceateft‘Sanftitv there may be ■ jqynedfomçothet f.ich dçfcits, as we.-eab!e to put . the.

ofthe Court ofRome,

die whole world in a confiifion. Neverthelefs Barberino hach a little recover’d his credit under Itinoceitt, they having noted the inconveniencies hapningin that Popes manner of Government, which they alfo found in mbun'i time ; but with more mo deration. Although his Family inclines towards the trench, yet he hath ever Ihewed that he hath more regard for the Spmiard , his humor fuiting better with the Genius of that Nation. As for the affeftion he hath for your Serene République, I cannot fpeak fo fully of it, but I {hall leave fomewhat untold.

Spidade Brefighele, which is a place in Romagnii , is a man mote confiderable for his Virtues than his Birth , and who for this reafon deferves more applaufe than he yet hath. But it feems they do not look upon him with fo good an eye becaufe of the profperity of his Fam ily, who are lately in poflcflion of much riches, which foine of the oldcfl: amongft them have acquired by their Farms and Marriages ; and which have alfo been (ince multiplied thotow the induftry of this fame Cardinal, and the Father Viïgüio Spadi his Brother, who hath not been want ing in Ihiving to acquire wealth , and raife his Houfe, though he make profelTion of a retired life. This Cardinal hath many very good qualities befides , which make him worthy of a higher degree S but that which hinders him from rifing , is the envy many have againft him , and the great number of Nepveus he hath , which are like tobe encreafed by thofe Marriages they have of late contraflf^. I mufi add to this the little confidence the Spamcetds have in hin» 5 who think him a very fubtile man , and one that hath a great inclination towards the Preach, He hath a high for this Repuyique »and hath as D 4 much

4P A KelaHon ofthe Stafç

much rdfentiiiaic in all hej-trp^bles and,<üng«s a?’;j ?ny çine wf¿rfp.v,er' ' ^

SiiciKij}, a P.aiCTith", hath entred Pope twice int«. rlic pail Cpndavcc, but ftill came forth again Caidinai, 10 the great regret of good people , and fuch , as aré acquainted with his virtues. The Spiniards did notmuun..r fomuch againft his elevación, as the Thnnti/iss , wlio endeavoured all they ^could tp thwart Ids Eledion , and 1 believe it now proeceds from no other caufe , butqndy they having Ijeen once engaged to exclude him, imagine that he will for ever refenc the in jury they had done him , altliotigh he may have fervcd them much lince. In deed 3 diere are few in the Colledge lo worthy, if weconfider all his good qualities He hath made himfelf the more fully known, hy that conûancy wheit'with he hath undergone thofe difappointmtnts , and die foil ideations he made to Ma^ariite , to lay afide all thpfc jealotilies Which might maker him oppofc the exakaton of the Caidinal Chigi , whom he efteeined more worthy of the Chair than any odie I , in a time wherein his own hopes were not defperate. He keepj the liime reputation ftill at Court which he had formel ly , and if his advanced age would let him furvive the prefent Pope, he would ever have the fame appiaufe as formerly. He is commonly very indiderent in his aft'eftion toother Nations, fuldomc favouring one more dian another j •bat 1 dare ccnlidentiy f ii, tliat he is partial for your République. ‘ ' Giicttioi K /ifrels a Gairiinal, who though he be rich , and have a great deal of experience, yet; does nothing that guns much comaicndationi , or dial

aftbe Court o f Home. 41 tiiat makes him efteemed worthy to be railed higher than he now is. There is no other reafon than the pjpotnefs of his fpiric appearing in all his aâions, ■ à j^ his infatiable defire to enrich liinifelf ; whence tiiey draw this confequence , tirac tliouid he be. nwunced higher, few ihoald partake o f his Graii(Jeurs or Bounty; add hereto, that Iravmg been one of^/Èa»’ sgreateft Confidents and Creatures , he is Entirely poUéfléd with thofe Maxims which are no thing convenient for the good of Chriftendome. He omitted nothing within his power to make himfclf Pope the laft times the Chair was vacant, but al though he found fotne Cardinals his friends, who liflncdtohim in hopes of partaking of his favours , yet he found no body for him aniongft the Princes, who cannot protnife much good to themfelves from a perfon fo wedded to his own interefts , and fohctle inclined to favour others 1 know nor, indeed, what to fay of him. He makes profeillon of much devptiun, but 1 (hould hardly ever truft a man , who befides his ocher dcfeâs, hath the reputation of peifcfliy knosyinghow to dillemble. The Cardinal Aatoaie Sjrberino isa man , who all his life rime hath ever been even gentility and generoiity it fclf. He is engaged as much as can be poflTi-' bje to f but in fuch a manner however, that he docs not make himfeif odious to other rival Nations, becaufe he f, e.aks cri all tlv; wuild with a huge deal of refpeft ; and brings his affairs fo about, that none );an jiiilly complain of him. He reaps many adyantagis nom the Ç iown c tf/J.'c c , which neverthilifs does not make him the richer, but latlipr the contrary, lince he confumes moie money for thun -tiuH hi receives ^ as v eU in cntcitaining his fntnds perpetually

A Relation ofthe State

perpetually whilft he is in Fra?tce, as in advancing the intei eils of that Crown.. And by reafon of the çea t inclination he hath for that Country, where they live accordine to his humor after a very free manner , he would rather make his refidence there than in any part of the world ; but it is obfervedj that does not look on him with a good eye , perhaps out of jealoufie, becaufe his carriage , which is fo fair and pjealing, might be a difadvantr^e to him, while he is more than any man alive in favour with his King. He was the (lift who, at the publica tion of the Peace, manifefted the good-will he hath for France, and that in fuch a noble and fplendid manner as was thought worthy of his generofity. The afleftion he bears that Nation does not make him, however , forgetful of what is due to the Piinces of Italy, and particularly to your Serene Lordihips, whofe merits he never mentions but with admiration.

Colonne, a German, is the Head o f his Family > by the difpofal of the dtceafcd Don Philip Colonne his Father , who having cleared his debts by his good husbandry, thought fit to recommend the diredtion thereof to that Son who feenied to be moll war y and fpating : Nor was he deceived in his choice , lìnee this man, confidering his riches , which are great, clbecially if we reckon what he hath from the Church ^ is fo referved, when any mony is to go frotn him , that it is prefumed, during the lone time he hath managed their Filate, he hath heaped up a very great quantity , taking much delight in hoarding up continually, but never expending any thing ill a fuperfluous manner. To which the Suits he oppofed by Law , which the Spaniards and Minifters

ofthe Court ofRome.

fters of that State had fòt a long time maintained' till his Fathers death, have not a little contributed , who thinking themfelves moft unjuftly deprived of thofe Honours pretended toby his Family diiputed it very obftinately againii him > but in the end yielded up all his ancient prerogatives to him , which much augmented his Revenues, and hath gained hith a very great efteem. At that time when his Holmefs exhorted all thofe that were rich , to con tribute fomewhat towards the afliftance of your moft Serene Republique , he was the onely Cardinal that excufed himfelf, alleaging the dammage which the Plague haddone him in his Eftace i N a y , it hath been propounded tohimoBtly by way of trial, to give out Mony at the Irigheft Intcrefl, as \our moft Serene Republique is wont to allow , but all wa; in vain ; although he fecnis to gioì y in his affeftion to' wards youjby which profeifion he tliinkahc hath fully corapleaced his devoiic.

Vrmàotù of L'lca is an honeft man , and of feme undetftanding in nvoftattairs; but thefe kind of ho neft peo, le do not fucceed fo well when they have the Government in hand They take a licence in all extravagant opinions, and become obftinate and punftihous, not caring how they trouble the world , provided they can but maintain their osn fancies. This man imagines that he (hould Wiava himfelf well enough were he in command , although he fhow himfelf but of a mean abil ity in ordinarv matters. He was born in a Republique , and the Prelatefhjp of his Country bghtirg on him , he foon put them m a condition of falling out with hinij yea, and of contefting and quarreling with the Pope too , and thac for very flight rçafons. j In die tud , all thefe rilkriiS;

A Kelatior^ ofthe State

•uUleriesvediffuUS having conftrained him to quit his Church, he left his Family involved in fuch ttou» hies as Imvc much perplexed, and brought many great loiles,Upon him. To repair this, he lives iii hopes of being Pope, but he expeils it in vain, for I do not know any one that deiires it.

Sy/miccw, a iHcaplitaii, though he were made a Caidinal when he thought not of it , and, as it were, by an uncxpeäed accident, docs not for all this omit anypoflrble endeavour to mount higher; He is re conciled with the Spaithitls , to whofe ihame he at tained titat Dignity ; He hath made a ftrift Amity with the Great Duke , and is on good terms with Boibciiitt : in a word , he does all he can to make good, and increafe his credit, which is as yet but finall, bccaufe his thoughts foar too high. Sonic have faid , that there was nothing retting but a good imderftanding with the French , but that being equivo cal, I fliall take it in the bcft fcnfe, from whence one may infer, that he treats with them in fuch a manner as may difpofe them not to be againtt liira, If he Ihouid happen to be mention’ d. He feemed to me to be paflionate for you, nor (hall I believe he dilfcmbled much therein, having wit enough to know what your moft Serene Rcpiiblique hath done for the li berty of Italy. Harach of Bjhcmia comes to lijune .'oncly wljcn the Chair is vacant: There are few other tilings can oblige him to ftay there, all his incereft depending on the Kingdome of Behcma , and the imperial Court. And being a Cavalier of a very frank Na ture, he makes it appear, that the arts and defisudation, ufed ordinarily in the Court of Romi , are n*t

ofthe Court of Rotile.

hot pleafing to him. He hath ever teftifiM a great deal of affeSion for your moil Serene Republique j for ought chat ever 1 could learn Irom thofe that pre ceded me in my employment ; but having never been at Court in my time, I cannot tell what judgment I Ihould have made of hiriijh.id I been acquainted with him my felf. I cannot affirrti any thing bf the Cardinal Filétti of the Mircha : thole reports which I have heard of him beilig very various i Some have told me that he hath flrange fancies, which being paliattd with the Zeal of Reformation , Cannot but cauXe a great deal of trouble and diforder. Others deferibe him to be a Very honeft man , of a good confcience ; yet all this, is the fame onely diverlifi’d 5 becaufe the refolutions of thefe kind of fpirits , or their whimfeys rathetj do filli claih themfelves .• And therefore he was very, little Vjokt upon in the lafl C onclave, where he con cealed a.s muchas pófliblè his defire of being Pope, yet could he not carry it foclofe but his Confidents difcoveied the extreme paflionhehad for it. The Pope makes no great account of him , although ho have had forae Legation ; and there is fome likelihood,of reafon for it ; bccaufe thofe that are lifted to the dignity of Pope, can better judge of the defefts of their inferiours, than fuch as are their equals in authority or degree. In his Legation of Fmau-, he gave fome occafion of conteft to your Signiory , and therefore although he fpake much of her commenda tions, I ihould never confide in him.

Ciyptgna, of the State of Urbin, had reafon enough to hope in the laft Conclave, bscaufe the Great Duke and Bfirfiràs did not re jeft him » nor are his. qualities

i\.6 A Relation oftheState ^«alitics to be defplfed. B ut, in a word, when a Cardinal wants a certain credit which is given by popCilar appröbaf ion ^ he feldome ever attains to the Cliair It cannot be denied , but that both probity and fitnplicity of manners do meet together in this Man. He underftands and can do as much as is re^ quiied in the managing of publick affairs, but as for the prefling of them oa , or, if I may fo fay , the refining of thenij he is not much applauded for being happy therein : nor during the laft Conclave was there anyone that could piomife himielf more than very mean refolutions for the publick ferviccj under his Government: and therefore as foon as ever he was Ipoken of, they found that he had not a fpirit great enough fur fo high a dignity. Neverthelefs he fliewed himfelf wenthy of praife,jn that whatever his hopesj and the reiblutions o f the Conclave were , he never feemed to trouble hiinfeJf. He loves your raoii Seréne Signiory well enough, which 1 have gather’d from the difeOurfeS he hath held with me, as alfo from the reports of fuch as have heard him in parti cular converfations, when mention hath beeft'tiladè of publick affairs;

Vilomarmi of iiapfc hath made known his autho rity in thofe difputes he had with the King’ s Minifters , during the laft troubles in that Kingdome. Heftiew’ d an invincible courage upon the threats which were like to have fucceeded tO efft-fts of vio lence againft him , to make him quit that Country. But he likewlfe ftiewed a very great humility towards the Catholique If,ing, thereby to let him know, that he was diftmbed wrongfully; and his.plea herein carried it againft all that the greatefl Minifters of that Crown could oppofeagainft him. But by how ' naucht

of the Court of Rome,

/\j

much he hath encreafed his teputation thereby , fo much hath he alfo therein prejudic’ d himfelf, as to the thoughts he might have had of hopes and greater dignity > thorow that obftinacy apparent m him not to change, or remit any thing of his firft refolutions, how dangerous and violent foever the attempts are againft him. He was a confident fervant of Barberi»«’ sin the time of his profperity, whofe fervices have been very well rewarded But I do not know whst thanks thofe can promife to thcmfelves that IhoiUd help him to be made Pope, he being a man that hath a marvelous good opinion of himlelf, and one that believes every thing is due to his own merits. I never ueated with him, he not having been at Rome in my time.

MitcuUno, or St. Clement-, a Timimetai, is a fmall Brother, who under his poor mean Frock huggs am bitious and high thoughts. He builds fine Cailles in the aire , fancying, that as he came to be a Car dinal without meriting of i t , fohe may as well rife to the Pope’ s Chair. There is no quality to be found in him chat can diftinguiih him from the vulgar. He hath little or no experience in State-affairs. He is learned as a Monk, bytixcells not their ordinary capacity, and hath fome skill in Fortifications ; But With this he is very covetous : and loves his Nepveus cxceedhigly,who are young people of very ill beh.aviours.: if he had the command, which God forbid, there would be matter enough of fcandal. This was taken notice o f , by him that could have affifted him, to wit, Biirberi»o, who hating a licentioss life , Would neverfpeakone-word for him, though MeeCHlano had friends to fécond what he ihould have faid, and were aged enough to pretend to the Place. NeveitheleS

A Relation of the State

Neveithekfs: he may live very w U at his eafe j. ijfhe will content himfelf with the condition he is in poüeflion of, which truly ought to fatisfie him. He hath named himfelf for Candidate, which is to fay , he afpires to the Chair , though amongft thofe of his own Ffaterhity , he coaid never have attained ter be General of their Order. ■ Gbrio de Camnnôi afarvant to the Houfe of Sir-r berino in bufinefs of fmall confequence , found a way by iris handfome manner of ferving, to gain fo much Upon the good-wili of his Nepveus, and afterwardson Pope a r t e , that having gotten much richeis in/ his long lervice, he was reputed worthy to be a Cardina). He is very little efteem’dat Court, his be-, haviour not being noble enough to coriefpond with his dignity. He keeps clofely united to-ffarterw» his Soveraign Benefador , and in that fliews he deferved to be advanced He hath never been nomi nated for to be made Pope, nor is there any great hopes heihould be in cleftion , becaiife, bclides thé meannefs of his birth, thofe qualities are wanting in ’him which Ihould make, him worthy to. Hand in the rank of fuch as pretend to that Supreme Dignity , unlefs they ihould pulh him forward purpofely to make him fa ll, and get time in the interim lo nego tiate another’s preferment with more fecurity.

Fncchinetti, of Sologm, hath been employed in the higheft Offices of the Court, and Nuriciamr of SpâHy with a conllant reputation of an honeft man j and very able. This is a Cardinal, of whofe re|rutation they have very advantagious opinions,. which when time fuits will make them willingly refleft on his good qualities j . and tliis feii opinion they have df

ofthe Court ofRome.

of him he prefeives, by making his ordinary refidence at his Church of Spoleta ; and avoiding all occafions that might forfeit it, by not concerning hirafelf with the prelent Court hiterefts, for fear left in medling therein , initead o f increafing his reputation , he Ihoiild give fome caufe of difguft and rupture; He is a Lord of a very fweet converíátion, and fpeaks paffiohately for the interefts of your Signio^y, froiri whom I dare promife effedts corefpondant ihould he attain tb a higher degree.

Rofetti o f Ferrara is a creature born, bred, and ad vanc’d in the bofome of Barbeim , wlio loved him by accident, and after helped him_ to employments, which raifed him up to be a Cardinal. He was in danger being in England during thofe troubles, which have encreafed fo long as to arrive to the lirahge heighth e f misfortune they were then in : But a riiore wary Minifter might have withdiawn himfeJf without forfeiting his devoir. Being at CoUert in quality of a Nuncio, he could not avoid being fufpefted of patriality towards the Spí'/wrrfí, and did together with thetii, breed fome diforder in their afr fairs. At Rome he did not {hew himfelf very grateful to his Benefaftor , having fubjefted himfelf to the Spa-liards. In the Conclave he was almofl the onely man that difapproved the Eleftion of the preferic Pope. 5 ° that all thefc things being lieaped to gether , one may infer, that he is not a Cardinal of any eminent vertue, although he hath been wife enough to make fuch good ufc of his time, as to have freed his Family from •thofe inconveniences which attend a mean I'oittine. He keeps himfelf at his Chuichat Fam fe, without any defign of ibewing himfelf much at where till thofe evill iinE preflloRS

A Keïatiôn çf the State

pre(fions are taken olf, orforgotten , he would not, he looked upon with any great good-will;

GrlmnW, a Genocfe, flrews by his looks , that he is a naan of great undertakings, from whom no other efteös.can beexpeded , but fuch as ufually proceed froni penfivc fpirits, which are qtiarels, jealoufics , bold and daring enterprifes , with all kind of fubtilcies to make good his dcfigns. This man hath had fome great defigns on foot already, to the prejudice of the publick peace, and that onely for fonie ad vantages to himfelf , without regarding the incon venience of others: and this was the caufe, that finding he was mounted as high as he could pre tend , vi'hicli wds to have a good Church in Fraac-: y where Ire miglir fay. Here is my refi ; imagining that he ihould he a fécond he was deceived, Mi-iann defiring to reign alone,- that the world might know they owed the good fuccefs of that Government to his direftion. He was not A t Rom in my time ; thofe that were acquainted with him have defcribcd him to me , to he as crafty a man as any one, but yet a petfoii wanting that addrefs or difcretion , which like Suit ought to feafon all the parts of Policy. I ihould no: confide in his words, when he commends this State, becaufe we ought not . to give belief to fuch men, as propound no ether end but their own intereft. Here I ihould fpeak of Mo'Z^nn , and there nrjghc bé irruch faid of him , but yoyr moft Serene Lordihi.'sare fo well informed ofthePerfon and Maxims ot tills great Mi,iriiler , that I could fay nothing ivliich would nüt fall (hort of the knowledge you have elfe-wirere had of him; yet flrall 1 not omit to let vou

of the CoKYt of Ronie.

you be acquainted in what eftecra he is with the prefentPope5 which I believe is a thing worthy your knowledge , becaufe you may from thence guef* the true reafon of the difficuldts in thofe aftairs which niuil: fieceflarily be treated of in cithet Court. The Pope had very ill imprefllons of the Cardinal' when he was Nuncio at ColU'A , for obferving atten tively the reafons the Mediators alledged for a Ge neral peace j he found the French had always fome refervations in their anfwers, which did not correfpondj as he judged, with the equity of the Spaniards propofitions ; which made him fully perfwaded, reftefting on fome other inconvenicncies hapning when they came to confer, that all the obftaclcs which recarded fo great a happinefs for all Chriftendome ; proceeded from thé Cardinal B ut , as the endshethen propounded requir’ d him not to difeover his opinions therein to thole Nations that were interefs’ d, fo he negotiated Hill with fo much caution , that few or none knew what was in his thoughts. Being returned afterwards to Rome , and the place of Secretary of State being given to him , he was fortifi’ d mure than ever in the ill opinion he had con ceived againft the Cardinal, being thereto induc’d , not onely by an increafe of the difficulties in the Treaty on the Fi'c»cb fide, but likewife by the in jurious fpeeches o f pope liWocK.'i 5 who had a parti cular averfion for , and wljo always blamed him as the onely catife of the dihimage and ru'me which Chi iftendome fuffer’ d under. Which made Alexander , being raifed to the Papal dignity , ( al' though ,he had fome reafon to forget his hatred fince Ma-xarin condefeended to his Exaltation ) to become niore envenern’ d , becaufe amidft the h'opeS he hidi that his mediation might produce fonie good E % towards

*y2

A Relation of the State

towards a Genetal Peace, he underftoodj that the ways leading thereto wer e more blockt up than ever, Tmice being Leaged with E'ligiit’id without any refpeft to the interefts of the lawful SucceHbrsof chat Kingdom , or any confideration that they were of the Blood-Royal oiFriacc, not minding, as the Pope faid, the Reputation of the moft Chn^ian KJng , which by this bafe alliance was even trod undeifootj whence followed, that laying afide all the Mo deration he had till then Ihewed in fpeaking of Aia^arin, one could not fo much as mention the affairs of France, or thole that treated of them, but his Holinefs would flie out to flinging injurious exprelTi-^ ons, difeovering what he had with much art con cealed fo long before j That he tooli him to be the foun

tain and faring of all the miferies in Chrifiendo/n, Thai in him alone had the Heretiques founded .all their hopes to predominate over the Catholiques, And that there wasajufleanfe to apprehend , that from him vaould arife a general .difturbance againfi the publique Peace: That this doubly difpleafedhim, becaufeof the wrong he did to that Dignity which he unworthily fitfiained ; And though his Predeceffors had not coafidered the fhame that refieded on the Sacred College, in fujfcring this man to be the fir ft Author of all thofe mfehiefs, he hoped that God would give him both courage and power enough to refent, as he intended , the prejudice that was therdy done to Religion, and the advantages the en:mies thereofhadprocured. If fome body , under the pretence of feconding the Popes Refencmenc at that tim e, had not by a difeourfe ftiitable to his humor, endeavoured powerfully to moderate his palTion, it is to be feared he would have proceeded to fome greater violence and anger: But he that heard the Pope’ s complaints made a very prudent uic of them , en deavouring

0f the Court ofKomc,

deavouring to wipe all thofe evil opinions of him out off his thoughts and memory. As for my own part, though at the beginning of my Ei*bafliej I found the wound yet open , I omitted not, on every occa^ fion,when 1 thought it convenient,« infinuate to his Hohncfs j thatthefe times oft required , that particur^ lar perfons ihould in their counfel overfway Princes, and that it was an effeft of great prudence to lay afidc all bitternefs when we treated with them , unlefs we would have that wound, which perhaps would heal up of it felf, to become incurable by often rubbing of it : that he might have his reafons likewife, which being heard, would juftifie or, perhaps , expofe Irim lets to cenfure for fuch refolutions, which fometimes do not depend on his will alone , but the refult and incli nation of other Minifters, with whom his Maxims would not fufter him todifagree. And if it were othetwifc, yet however, Fr^ce did not enjoy ib great a happinefs as to defire a War , unlefs it were appa rent that thofe who counfelled it had very poweiful motives to continue it, till they could find out a cer-» tain way to make both a good and lafting peace. ThefeAeafops fufficed to moderate the Pope’ s com plaints a little , yet was he not fo well fatisfi’d , but rejefting him he faid , That when ever he had ¿mind. t» obtain any thing of his Kjng and- Corned , that con cerned h'u f articular favour or interefi , he Iptew how to

obtain whatever hefanedd, it being known to all towhat a height and grandeur he had by his fubtilties raifed bis Family , and thofe that had joyned their in-; . lerefis with him; when ever it vats required that he fhould aif for the good of the Publique, his power was weak nnd languijhing ■, which was a very clear argument, that he Jaw the augmentation of his fortune depended at ¡t coni'mme of the trar, which awarded £ 3 kiin

A îhîon oftê State

kirn a tlmfö/id opfertumties' to mkc »(vp friends fxd. Cj-eatures by tbs dißrihut'wn of OficeSy rvhich ho ¿ffltnvcd, according to bis own w ill, upmfuch perfens oS gave him imtih ¡ipplonfi , which- he preferred, though it U(ied but a. moment, ■ to the immortal glory he wight have acquired, by delivering chriflntdom from fo great, coftd continual troubles, as put it m danger of&i/ig at laß wade the prey of HeretiqUes and Mahometans/ In the mean while, the times of Audience appointed, were wafted in tliefe and the like Difcouifes, which troubled me extecdirtgly, becaufe 1 forefaw, that from this Antipathy, which daily encreafed, we could Slot but expeft fome gteat and notable prejudice would accrue to the Publique. After t h i s u p o n the titft flight rumor§, which Were whifperd of the Peace, the" Pope fufpcded It was fome new artifice of Ma^arm’ sto lull' the worldafteep, and take off his hftred againft him, with in tent to renew the War aftAwards , when during the Truce he had juftifi’d !iis pretences; but having'been certainly intormed that the Peace went roundly forward, and that things w'ctc brought to fuch a pafs, that none could doubt of a good fuccefs from this Treaty; then he declared both to meand all others that he was highly pleafed ; but every one knew this ' content of his was mixt with an allay o f diffatisfa-; ¿lion, to fee that had made himfelf the Ar bitrator of Peace and War by this aft, and aitribiiced to himfelf alone the honour o f doing both the oneäiid other. 1 iball reftrve what I have to fay here upon , till I come to treat ofthat Chapter which ftiall treat of the Intelligence betwixt the Pope and France. But all the averfion the Pope made appear againft Ma\arin, did not take off the Court from admiring the capacity of fo g ie v a Man , who if he tr u ly

ofthe Court ofRome. 55 truly did embace more than the natural heat oE iraacE could well have digefted (and in that refpea: foma of his defigns cannot be excufed of temerity; yet it is obfervable j that Fortune hath ever been his Second, who fighting for him, he can never be want ing of mgans to overcome the greateft'diificukies; For the world hath taken notice, thatthofc Parties he hath fided with have rately mifcarrpd, which makes divers conftfs, That how great a States-nian foever the Cardinal of Richclkit. was, yet he never had fo much skill and policy in difcovering and countermining the defigns of Strangers , and bringirt* whatever he defignM to pais, for die advantage ot the Crown oiFratce, as this Man who was his Scho lar and'Succeflbr ; who. if he fucceed as w d lip times of Peace as lie hath done in time of War , his name Will be fo much the more immortal.

Urfiit, a Rottim, is of a Family known to your moil Serene Lordihips , as for the-Services-which h^ Grand-fathers have done for your State, which hat^ . ever held them in great confideradon. They are i however , a little declined from their former Repu tation by the mifgoveinmei-ic of fome of the Succeflors of thofe, who by their brave aftions had raifed it. Thar which hath caufed no fmiü_ dirninution to their Honour, was, their bargaining tor m oeor lefswith thofe who made ufe of them to m-, vade the liberties of others; to which may be added , that the number of dieir Family is diminiihed. The Cardinal of whom we fpeak, is morc'addiaed to his pleafures than to any ferious bufinefs, wlmcn maaes fome defire he had that ripe and ftaid judgment which {hone fo in his Anceftors. The Family does iiowever but begin to recover it fe lf, at a kalon

AKdatiôndftheState

wherein it may happen to come to its period for want of iflue; for haying taken. Wives rather rich ■ than fruitful, put of a delire to repair their Ioffes, they are in away oflofing their n-\me by an overlight greater than the former. TheV all make proteffion of continuing ftill in the good, affeftion they have fo long preferved towards your' moft Serene Republique. But they, arp worth liçtle, and can dp lefs. ■ IfodetotheDuke ofModenu', hath made* the world fpeak of him, both in Peace and War. I cannot tell whether he were much pleafed to fee me at by reafon of the little fatisfaftion his Bro ther had pf me,whilft I wasCommiflary for your moft Serene Republique, at the beginning of the War you had with the Birber'm’ s. Although he can diflemlde, and is well enougii skilled in the Art of epneealing his relentments , yet cannot I believe him larisfi’d with what I did, though the thing went noton fo far as thofe of the Houfe of £ & pretended for their inccreft. The Pope, who hath not been ve ry well fatish’d with the Duke, who ftudi’ d to obforve the vvillofiWJMrá in every tFiing, as if he had been his (lave, and perceived that this Cardinal IS ofthe fame inclination, looks upon him as a per lón more inclined to trouble than quietnefs ; which he does not however divulge, becaufe he hath grea ter pretences than ever to that portion of Eftate which was not annexed to the Dutchy of Fenan when It fell to the Church , as I ihall foow In anothcf place. It will be difficult for him therefore to be looked on favourably by the Pope, who hath made uappear, that he can right hlmfelf by the S^ord, when tliey deny him Jiiflk e, H ÿ* Cardinal

keeps

ofthe Court ofRomc.

keeps a Palace at KDwe, where there are much Peo ple and Nobility , that are punftually paid : which evinces, chat the late Wars hath impoverilhed the Subjeâs, and very much enriched the Matter.

Ceftaiuti, a Kmm, but born of a Oenoan- Father, is one of that fort of men that can eaiily heap up wealth , by which they have raifed this Houfe to its Nobility and Purple j but to judge of their fortune , as we are wont to judge of all new begun profperities, one may fay , That fo great riches acquired in fo fliort a Ipace of time, are hardly compatible with any \awful means of obtaining tlieni. But nocwithftanding’ all this, the Cardinal is a very agreea ble man 5 and he did hugely fatisfienie, in ihowing me he was fo well informed of the interetts of this State , and Had fo full a knowledge of the merits of your nioft Serene République. Vonghi , a pure Genoefe , came forth of Gawit, when he vyas not expefted, with a very confiderablc ftock of riches, which hath lìnee opened the way to his greatnefs ; having been much furthered by tnofe qualities he hath, which are fo drferving, that he mat raifed him hath no caufe to repent the doing it. The Court does generally praife him : But he was ever abfent all my time, fo that I can give no judgnientofhim, but fiom the reports of others, whidi. however do tend to allow him the quality of a Man of merits, and one that is very afteftionate to ycut raoft Serene Republique. Koidmni , a ’Romsn , though he be originary of Somagnia, is worthy of the degree he Hands in foi the geodnefs aqd firaplicity of his,manners.

But he

§8

A Relatioit ofthe State

** otherwife no gre^t man, for he hath but a weak. judgment, which would ealily lofe it fd£ Ihould he apply himfclf to bulinefs. He deferves, however, the good-will of your moft Serene Signiory, for the many things he fpeaks in her praife, and for the. many Services his Family hath done your State,; whereof the blood of the Marquis his Brother was a teftiraony , who would needs llgnallize liimfelf in an Employment as worthy as a War for Religion and Liberty.

Gabrieli, a Komm, is a.nvin that endeavours to , coaceal what is in hisheait; for inftead of difcoveringhimfelf , he makes a great Apolc^y of Com plements. There are feme of opinion > that his Ar tifice may help to raife him higher, but I do not be lieve it, becaufe the manner of aSing of Pope Imacesi, which is that of the Kawdsej , hath opened, the eyes of the world too much, the prefent times re quiring rather a perfon that will prefer the publique good than his own. He abides the moil: part o f his time at his Church of Afeoli, feeding himfclf with this Maxim , That the lefs a Cardinal is at Court, the eafier is it for him to get into the Pope’s C hair. But, though that may be true in general , yet it holds no water amongft the cunning and refined Reman W its, who by this very retreat difeover his miijd fponeft that would thereby hide it, and who ever prefiar thatManfirft, who is moft skilful in the manage ment of great affairs, Largo., a Spaniard , and Jefu it, is a mpn very learnol in Divinity , but fince he forfook the Pulpit he hath (hewed himfclf no lefs skilful in State inatteis. He aSed with great fuccefs in the Conclave for

ofthe Court of Rome. 5 ^ the eleftion of the pi efcnt Pot^e? and though Barbermo were cried down for defiring to make him Pope, out of a certain fancy that came in his head , yet did he iil'c his utmoii endeavour to advance Chigiy vyhoin he knew to be veiy favoiitable to his Con gregation, as he hathfince ihtwed himfclf. He can dono vnoitthan he now doth to make it appear to your Signoiy , that he hath a great efteem for you , and that he is extremely troubled to fee her op-“ prefled by fuch fierce and potent Arms. I believe he fpeaks frankly , being a confcienc.'ous man j but perhaps, too, tire great delire he hath to make thofe of his Order more acceptable amongfl: you, prompts his tongue to fay more than isin his heart,

Raggi, a Genoefe, vylio fucceeded Riggi his Uncle , Vras rnade’ a Cardinal' by the Getioefts means, who to.raifehim to this Dignity extended twice as much' as is ufual. But it is very juft tliat the niony, which they fquctzefioin all the world, Ihould be afterwards turned' into that fmoak which the Court of Rome daily fells. This Cardinals endowments are very proper and fit for a Miniftci of the Chamber , as he hath been a long time ; and indeed, diere are few that do fujcceed better in that emidoymenc than the Gtno'fis, who are moil aflive in running about to fill their purfes, I am told , that lince he is made Cardinal, lie liath fhewed. himfelf fomewhat more galiatit, and hath pretty well ftudied the affairs of the world, which may be icon learnc d having a very prefent wit, if he dp but apply himfclf as much to it,' as he did fo his Olficc of the Pope’ s Treafurer. Homodti , a M fl/wis, chofe rather to follow the Pulacy, and attain to the Purple, than to preferve hi;

(So ^ Kelatiott oftheState his Family, which is in hazard of periíhing for want' of Ifliie. It is nevetchclefs confiderable, full of wealth , and alli’ d to the greateft Families ¡n Sp<t¿a. Hehath oStaincd vi hache pretended to, after he had hvade himfelf known to be a man (apabie of every thing, tying himfelf ftriflly to che chings chat belong to his profcffion. He is of a very free diípofition , as the Jjomhxfds geneially are , lo thac one may confide ín bim. He lee fomeching fall in the Conclave which did not pleafe the Spatiurds; buc theré were feveral in the Confp.iration , fo thac thcy could not lay che fault ón hira fingly. He fays plainly thac he . ís i Venetim, as much as his fidelity to his King will fuñir him , which is to fay in good Englifh , he is a good itííinn. The Prince John Charls of M eices , Brother of the Great Duke , is ever infeparably united with the Cardinal Charls his Uncle, the Dean o f the College j , in this, however, his reputation is the greater , as having carried himfelfwith much heat to the exclulion, and with much skill to the inclufion of thofe, who being either partial, or his friends , were inr eluded There can be nothing expefted from this Lord, who is perfeft in Reafons of State, but fuch aftions .as fhall lie favourable, and for the good of Italy, wherein likewife the good of his own Family is comprifed.

Zudovifio, oi Bdlogna, who was grafted into that Family by the Mother of the Prince Ludovico , hath the reputation of an honeftman , but he hath thofe defefks to which all fuch kind of men are fubjeft j for they are obftinate and indifereet, and fometime^ MQ they h awe a grain, of folly. It is difficult to N bt getiate

of the Court ojfRome.

gotiate with him, for if in any bufinefs it come onec into his iniiia, that there is feme cafe of Confcience in it, it makes him fo ohftinate, that nothing is ever able to make him change his opmion , and that moft commonly without any rea:on, m the Officers of the Penitentiaries themfelves have ,confeiled, of whom he is the Chief: W hence it fbUows , that although as a Soveraign Miniftcr he might difpatchbufinefs, feeing he hath the power , yet one muft necefl'arily return to the Pope, and be at a dou ble trouble .to obtain his command for the expedition of itr 1 dealt the kaft with him I poffibly could, it being hard to come fairly off with fuch intn, on the contrary, there is nothing to be gained moft com* inonly from them but ill-will and difcontent.

Cvoci, agreed with Pope/«?*?cent’s genius, in the eafie and cleat method wherein I have heard him expuefs the moft difficult and knotty affairs, and that was it which gained him the favour of im m n t : for although that Pope were a great Lawyer, yet he did not very readily undetftand a difficult cafe ; and therefore he loved thofe that made things out eaiie and clear to him , and fat for his apprehenfion : befides, he had taken a fancy to raife the fomewhat deprefled antient noble Families of the Romita Nobility , as was this of Saniln Cro e , that they might owe the obligation to him. He had accorapliihed this defign , had not his Niece with her much importunity diverted it. It is certain , that the inclufion of this Cardinal was highly praifed , he having added both Virtue and Merit to his No bility , which good opinion he confirms by the tkily proiis he gives of his good-will in al'- pul'iidk affairs. ■

O itf

'6à A Kelatìon ofthe Stati

Ciho, who is one of the Lords of Malta, of Carrut j ' hath a ^reat reputation at Court, becauie of the in-? tegrity of his mind, his good life > and great know-, ledge of the intercft« of Princes, in which he hath fignaliz’rl himfelf in two Legations. He is adored, ' if i may fay fo, in the Church of Jcfi , where he refides, and the Pope, who othenvile would have need . of men of his parts, does not call him thence ,^as un-'i willing to deprive that City of fo worthy a Paftor, ' And were it their rule to reward M erit, there is no- ; thing fo great and good but would fall to his fliare, . but private intereft denies it him. I ihould readily! give him my vote , were it required , knowing i ihould therein ^t the fame time both fatisfie my confcience, and ferve my Country , which I under- ! fiand how really he loves. i ■ Aqtiavlva, a t^eapolitan , was preferred before anr other whom Pope Innoce/it defired , for fome confiderations reprefented to him by Do/ua Olimpia , who forefeeing the Pope could not long furvive , thought it good policy to ftrengthen her Family by the ad vancement of fuch noble perfons as might proteft her on occafion But lire deceived her felf^ regarding oneJy the merits of the perfons , and not confidering whetlier fire ihould receive all thofe acknowledg ments and retribution^ which men of honor are en gag’d to return at need. He hath, however, a po pular applaufe, bur 1 cannot tell whether the Sp.raiardsare fatisfi’ d with h im , lìnee he did notfeem to give them any content in the Conclave. But 1 am very much taken w'ith his expreflions, which ever tend to the publick good. . Gesdi, or as ht is called at prefent, de Rets, hath, made the world calk of hitii, both before and fincè his

i>ftheCourt o/Rdme.

I his promotion to be Cardinal: before , becaufe he was as it were the Scourge , that excited troubles in ill occurrences, that admitted of the leaft pretence to thwart the prefent Goveinmcnt: and lince, be caufe his authority being encreafed, he prefumed his importunities againft and his Partifans would become more effcaual, and that onely for his particular intereft , and to malce himfelf famous in the adminiftration of affairs. It cannot be denied but Ma^arin was in a kind of dream when he named him for thrt Dignity, and committed a very great error therein, not torecafting the event of it. And indeed. Pope Innocent reproached him higlily for dcIpifing ana dealing unhandfomely with one of that Dignity, whom both himfelf and all Vrtme hadprefented to the Court of Rome , by their recommen dations. But this does not make good the too bold pretences of the Ecclefiaftical power j which .pre fumes, it is unlawful for great Princes to reftrain the ixorbitancies of a Cardinal, that endeavours to trouble the peace of the Country. There were di vers Aflemblies at Rome to confult a w ay, whereby , without prejudice to the Cardinal Dignity , they iniglit allay his difcontent, but it was very difficult, fince thofe o(France required fecutity that he ihould breed no diflurbance, and thofe in Rome could not rtfolve to do i t , bccaufe the means propounded was to give away his Church at ParA to another, and keep him out of France, without leaving him deftiture of what was necefiary for his maintenance.

Charles Barbermo is the third Cardinal of that Family, which is rarely feeii 5 but that which dcferves more admiration, is, that thisexcefs of favour proceeded from a Pope , who had made it his cask to cclipfe.

<Í4

A Relation oftheState

iclipfe , not JO fay deftro)’, that Houfe; fo evidenf it j^that felf-iutereft orcr-fways the minds of men , making thofe rfiat were the moil inveterate enemies to become the moil endeared friends. This recon ciliation , and the alliance chat was made betwixt thefe Families, was the work of VonmOUmpin, who piudently conlidered, that if the Pope fuifer’ d this enmity to continue , h: would be expofed thereby to the fame inconveniencies they had brought upon others. This reflexion pleafed, and was fecondeclby a moiladvantagious reciprocal union. Nor was there any caufe o f fcruple that the Pope joyned Purple to Purple in the fame Family, confidering the excellent qualities of this youno man , who (hewed an extra ordinary wit and modeily to all men , and who ap plying himfelf wholly to the nobleil iludies y re nounced his birth-right in favour of his younaer Brother, to make himfelf a Church-man j and in deed , he is a very good Clergy-man, who never medles with any other kind of bulinefs. He depends abfolutely on the Cardinal Francis, arid conforms himfelf wholly to his manner of life.

Vio, a Ferrarkn y is of a Family known to vour moil Serene Lordlhips for its Nobility, and the *me-i rits of its Branches, which fliall malte me fay the lefs of him. He does not enjoy his health petfcftly though he be but young, and may perhaps leave his Church at Ferrara, bccaufe the air díRórn« better agrees with him, where he hath acquir’ d a great deal of wealth , and intends to fettle himfelf altogether. He glories in the natural affeftion he hath to.vards your moil Serene Signioty , as.ofa thing hemrich values and moft highly tftcems.

ofthe Court ofRome.

Aidokcmdin, 'a Komm , but originary of Florence, istheonely remsinder of a Papal Family , founded upon feven Grcat-grand-children, Nepvews of Ck~ merit die V l l l , whovvete io extreme robuft, diat one would have judged their Line eternal, and yet this Branch is withered. To find a Cardinal of this Family j as the Princefs Rojpmo defired, who is the foie Hegrefs of all that Eftatej they were fain to feek out this fmall Courtier, who fprings from the fame Stock indeed, but by rcafon of his poverty was neglefted even of his own kindred. This example, to gether with many others, jhould make the Pope’s clearly know, as well as their kindred, that what ever care and pains they take to raife their Family, it ne ver fucceeds or continues dong, God not bein^ pleafed to faffer thofe Grandeurs^ vvhich are founded on the Church’ s Patrimony , to iiand as they would have it. And who ever would be pleafed to look over theHiftbry of the Popes, where their Families are regiftred, ihallfind this an.infallible Truth: for one fliall difeover, that either they were quite extinguifhed , or fuch as were left remaining became re duced to a condition beJow a mean. Fortune; This Cardinal doth acknowledge , that dll he hath came from that Princefs , who was willing to fliow her ac knowledgments to the blood of the Aldobrmdims» and now, by {liowing himfdf worthy , as he hath done, of the honour conferred upon him , and gain ing a good opinion of every one, upon all oceafions j he patiently expefts the time which may prove more favourable to him.

VuhnM ftaid longer here than he faid he would do when he. went from Rome, where he was furprifed with the imroaturi death of Coant D.wid hie F Brother,

A Relation of the State

Brother, for whom the whole Court was very forrowtul; becaurethofe Lords , befidtsthe good for tune they liave had to fee their Family fo well ftbred with all forts of riches, do fo win the affeftions of all people by their fweet converie, that there is none but are ravilh’ d at their profperity. The Cardinal is alfo an excellent natur’d man, who, to all his other good qualities , adds a moft tender love Cowards'his ■ Country, which is reciprocally obliged to make theii acknowledgments to him upon every occaiion. Spaciu of Luca, is a Prelate who was emploj’ d in urban.’ s time in the affairs o f greateft coiiiidence j and he held the fame credit in the time of Pope Inmmt, which is an evident ccftimony chat he hath excellent qualities. In his Legation to Fayara he did you all the good Offices that you could expeft from that good Neighbdurhood 3 ' and when your Ambafladors were received in that City in theii palhge to Rome, he out-did all the Minifters of thé Apottolique Chair in expreffions of civility ; whence I draw tins coiifequence, that he very perfeftly knows your Loidfhips worths, and the great obliaationi which are due to you from the Court of Rome.

Gualtien D’ Onicte is Donna Olimpia's Creature who having power to do what Ihe would, brouahc this man and anorher chat depended wholly upon her, toproraotionj by calling dull in the Pope’ s eyes that he might not fee what (he did, not carino w i ther he wcie pleafcd or not, after ihe made him com mit the fault. This Cardinal was not ar Ro;ne during my abode, he refides at his Church stFmm , where he can yet, liimfelf, hardly believe he isawa'-e andieally m puflelTion o f what'he iwlds. There is’ lirtl*

of the Court i»/Rom e. little good to be faid o f him , and that you may jui^q this a truth, it may fuffice to tell you , it was a work of the Brain of that Woman.

Odefcalco de Como hath the lombard way of ading, which is to fay , ingenious and franck, aad tiuly f e , is held to be without malice. He does not profefs any, skill in Politiques , but wants not for iudgraent, and makes good ufe of it 5 in time and place convenient, lh ave nothing to alledge againft h im , fince the Court finds no fault with him j when this man is mention’ d they fpeak briefly , without making any refleftion of his good or bad qualitiesjwhich is a con* vincing proof that there is more good than hurt in him , becaufe at Court they pardon none they can except againft. 1 believe your moft Serene Signiory may confide in aperfon of his humor,when he makes proteftation of his afteftion towards you , as he hatli done every time 1 waj with him. Out Ottobuono for his fweet and chaiming con* rcrfaclon is beloved, of all the Court, nor are there any but do wi(h him a greater dignity than he hath t and truly he hath tendfed himfelf worthy of it by his continued labours and vigilancy ; and the rather , becaufe by his aftions, accompani’d with fo much civility COall the w'oiid y and his judgment in man* aging biiiinels of confequcnc e , he liath made it ap parent that,he deferves one iliould coulide in liira. The Citv of Brefci.t is too narrow a limit for the excreife of his Viixues: and the cxpences he makes would have been better employed in feme Legation , or fome confiderable employment at C ourt, where , to fpeak truth, fuch weak men do refide , that eithtt for the fuceefs ifi an affair , or for want of chooflng pi I the

A delation ofthe State

the rcadieft andfafcft ways, they do even difplcafc thofe whom they moil favour. But as for his exile from Court, which we may rarm honourable, the caufe thereof can be attributed to nothing eJfe , but the knowledge they have of his eminent virtues, as well for that ordinarily Vir tue is looked upon with an envious eye , as becaufc he did in the Conclave endeavour carneiUy to unite the oppofite parties, who wavered and obftrufted all Other defigns. All 1 can fay to your Excellencies of this Lord, is, that the affeSion he bears his Native Country is the moft tender and hearty that can be defired in any of your moft Serene Republique’ s Subjeils, and whatever favours you beftow, you can never place them better than on a m an, who, like this fame now mention’d, is wholly difpofed to prefer the publique intereft in all occafions before his own.

M ildichm is very well, the Pope was very careful to make him go aiici take the aire of the Cam^agnid for a good while, whence he returned at the intreaties of the Cardinals , who took that abfenting for an exile ; The SpnniArds were not much allarm’d at his change, and declaration for Fivwce. Yet muft it be laid in his praife, that he did very wifely, in feeking the fupport and gaining the favour of a great King. ' N ay, there is feme generofity in i t , becaufe there is no appearance he was moved out of intereft; fince MtyiWi is not a perfqn likely to beftow any great reward upon him , whether it be out of his natural inclination to parfimony , or fome fixed defign to re gulate and reduce the vail expenses of that Nation , drained by fo long a War, or fome more hidden and iefined politique confideration, it being certainly a pure

ofthe Court of Kome. êp pute folly to waftc the Exchequer in Peniions for the Court of Rome. Befides, nothing is more apparent than thiSjthat the way to gain thole people is to negleA them. Intereft and Fear would foon reunite them j and make them look towards France for fuccour, did they fear they were abandon’d to the dread ful power of Spain : all the humility of fubmiflion , and art of compliance would then be put in prattife to make fure o6> and draw the French to their fide to oppofe that ambitious Neighbour , who fiirrounding the Pope with Milian and Naples , may devour him when he hath the mind to it. lhavevifited hiniuron fome occafions, but never much regarded his difeourfe j which ftill tended to make me believe he is very much a fervant to your ninû Serene Lotdjhips.

Sornmeo i a Milano'is, a Lord of a confiderable Birth 5 hath ever given teftimony in thofe employ ments he hath had, of a ftrift fectefie, great modcfty and finccrity , which are qualities rarely lodged together in a man chat is in power or command. He doth at prefcnc exercife the charge of Legat in Kamagnia with much praife, not giving any caufe of complaint under his Government. 1 cannot but give a fair judgment of his Sentiments for the, publique, good, on which chat of your moft Serene République is neceflarily depending , wliich he allured me of the laft time 1 vifited him. Imperiaky a Qenoefe, is a man fit for Govern ment , who quickly apprehends where ajiy evil i s , and hath capacity enough to apply the remedy. He hath alfo a free heart , which will not eafily yield wliea be finds on which fide there is mote rtafon. f i

^ O A Relation ofthe State Yet cannot I tell whether he would fucceed well if he had the Soveraigii command , becaufe hé is a Gem :f and prepollefs’d with the Maxims ot his Coun try, which pretend to attain to that in a fhort time , to which other Potentates could not arrive ' but by a fuccellion of many ages j and this may perhaps be one of the caufes will exclude him from âiiy higher advancement. In the mean time, he makes very powerful proteftations, that he will ever fide with thofe who Hand for the' Libei ty of Italy , whicli is to fay in good Englijh, that he will fide with your moft Serene Republique.

Aßalli, a Romm, hath a£led feveral parts at the Court of Rome in a fliort time. He was a Prelate of a mean Fortune; fince that he was made a Cardinal. He was of kindred, and fupported by Pope Imecent’t Niece, who would fpeak all, and do a ll, at that time when he was made Cardinal He was in PamfiHo's Family in quality of a Nepvew : a while after he was rejeäed as unworthy of that Title, exiled from Rorntj and almoflcaft into the Precipice : but a little after the death of Innocent he foitiewhat recovered himfelf again , yet could not make them reftore what they had täken. In fine , he found relief in the proteftion of the Catliolique King , wlro Irath beflowed fome Largefs upon him , whiclr hath fct him in a pretty good pofture. The Hillory o f the ftiange turns he hath been fubjeft to,would be very curious , but it being too prolix, I IhaJl paß it by ; becaufe , Jike.vife, ere this V/riting appears, no doubt but the Relations of thofe tinies will fet forth the truth of it. There can be nothing more intricate than tile con dition of that Family, which then governed ; for on the one fide, the Pope's Niece and her Confedefafei ■ ' were

ofthe Court <?/’Rome.

were ever making forae enterprize , and on the other the Cardinal Vanciroli, who was tlien the chief M inifter of State , countermined them j and cither of thefe fcort'ed at that Pope before his face j becaiife , although he had wit enough yet he had not the judgment or way to make thofe ftand in awe of him , who were the moft obliged to him. In the mean tim e, this Cardinal, after he had un dergone fo many ditterent Fortunes, attained to his cafe and quiet ^ yet without any great repute or efteera, being more addided to fallow his o.vn in clinations, than to ferve the Publique; and therefore I cannot inform you what his afteftion is towards this Rcpubl ique.

Alhici, of Cejiiti , is a man , who finding he can raife himfelf no higher by the ways of eminent vir tue , is refolved to try what he can do by his extra vagancies ; and thii it Is makes him fpeak lo freely againft the corruptions of the times, which he is not fatisfi’ d in doing in private , but taking delight to Ihew his Eloquence, which is not the higheft that eva' was, he difeourfes o f it in piiblique Oratories, and fometimes with biting expreffions, wif ch feems to aim at the Popes creatures , who arc in command. This is ill tefented at the Palace , but they let him go on, as if they undetilood him not : and yet not being free from failings himfelf, it is wondei'd he ihould be fo apt to cenfure others. He hath rather I know not what kind o f commerce w'th the world , than any confidcrable knowledge ; and having bien chofen by Pope linoccnt, as a perfon fit for G overnmaot, he made him a Cardinal, having more refpeft to his being an enemy to M.tcula/io , who was hated by tlys Fam ily, that fo he might nprofc all F ^ ‘ tha:

A Relation ofthe State

that favour’ d him , than to any meric was found to be in himfelf. He fpeaks very fine things aWinft thofe chat flrew themfelyes flow and colcï in” their prefent afliftance of this Signory • but his importu nate and tedious difcourfes are but little regarded nor indeed efteemed fíncete, becaufe they are” always $atyrical.

AT^lmodsla. MxfCdviK brought tobe Cardinal by thofe means that prevail moil at t e e 3 tliat is to fay, by difcovering the defeas o f others j I {hall nor ftandhere to repeat the flory of 4?á«¿’ s fail, caufed partly by the reports, true or falfe, of this man. It is certain , there are no eminent virtues in him , and if you except btitfome pretty little flafhes of the Pen, whichhelearnedintheexercife of his Office of Se cretary , 1 fee nothing extraordinaiy in him. He fpends moil part of his time in amorous entertain ments , while all he does brings, little benefit to the Publique. I never much eflcenied the great care he takes to exprefs the devotion he hath for your Signiof y , becaufe 1 know any thing pleafes his mind more tban thoughts of bufinefs, chinking all his ciffie cot» ihout to recreate himfelf. The Cardinal Luntgravc of H -p , who Is a Lord o f a high birth and a generous fpirit >■ might have made better ufe of his Talents, as iris believed , in the profelfion of a Souldier, than of a Gown-man; not but chache hath given fome good tokens, by •proving himfelf a good Catholique, and a good Difciple in the Maxims ofthe Court of Komz ^ but when it coiiccrns his taking any advantage, as he pretends much , refleaing ¿n what he i s , "every one withdraws, even the Sp.tfiiiii'ds themiclves, w'ho othersvife

ofthe Court of Rome,

j ^

wife being won t to iliw tb eir largcfe tow ards thofe of his quality , are yet fparing to him , not well ap prehending what fervice they can txpefl; at Rom: hoiii aPrince , who hath laid afidc his. Armour to take up a Cardinal's little Gown ; and that which makes them perhars more dinaftcd with hintj is his leaving the Protcilant Religion to become a Catho lique without any ftudy çr learning . wliich are moil necefl'ary Oinaments in a Cardinal ; efpccially a ilianger, that intends to gain any credit luar tlio Pope. iNeverthekfshe does not difrair but the time maycoroe, when hemay fettle himfelfat Romciv the condition others arc in there j without any need of feeking abroad for a 111 rtance , as he hath been fo' c’ d to do when he Raid thereafter the creation ofthis Pope 5 being Hill put to his ihifts , by reafon of the few affignarions he iiad, infonauch tliat lie was forc’ d to be gone for fear of intangling himfelf. He is a Gentleman of a good jiidginent, who, following the çàndour,fo natural to his Country, either blames or praifes as he finds people dtferve. He ipeakj of your Signiory in the fame terms' as a very good íí.ííwa ihonld do.

^.for-za, a Ko,7;.i7 , hath given himfelf to the S;Wj.vdSi being eaiily drawn to tli-it paity , not fo much for the rich benefices they beftowed on h;m , as out of the hatred he bcai s againft Mazj}’nn , with, whom hi co'.'.ld never h.avc agreed, had he remained ^ for the Vren-ch- There accritcs no benefit to the Sf.inyxfd by the gaining of this Cardinad , hut ontly the reputation of having a m:,n on their fide of a great birth, and a bold.fiiirit ; for he hath otherwife ro great gifts nor anv confidersWe adlicrenis bcfidcs the Great Duke , rowardi whom he iliows himfelf very rtfeiv'd.

^ Kelationofthp State

referv’ d. His genious ever inclined more towards the

F^ncb chan the Spa«i/& ; yet hath he moulded his Mtnoiic to the Spanifh fetvice abfolutely , lìnee he found how much more certain the Spmykrds afligntnents are than theFresch , and more beneficial than tire others, could he. This Family hath ever ptofefitd to have a great deal of aftèftion for your proiperuy, andnranyof them have had employments tinder yo u , which they have performed with a great deal o f applaufe from your moft Serene kepublique. This Cardinal does not forget to profefs oftentimes that iris afleftion hath the faine bias. * Here ends the old College. It remains now that I (hould fpeak fomewiiat of Pope Alexander’s Crea^ cures, of four of which, n the Cardinals Chjgi, and £ie/;i, havingdifcourled en ^ gh in the beginning, I ihall add what may be laid of the other five, whom he hath made Cardinah.

'Ragni is a Cavalier, as noble as he is undepftand* inoin the things of Peace and War. The Soanyaxds were doubtful o f the Defunft Cardinal his Brother, i w do I believe they put any great confidence in this, whom they know to be very intimate with Ma-f xar'm , which they difcovered by the reproaphes of Pope hmeent, who found by Bagni’s Letters in read ing of them, that it was Ma\inn had diftated them , fw which he was very ill treated during his Nun ciature in 'France, the Alfignments belonging to that Charge being then taken away from liim , as an ufelcfs Minilter : But theprefent Pope, whileft he was Seaetary to Innocent, having more wit than lie to judge of tire a£|ionsofa Minifter, had ftill an eileem

^ of the Court of Home. 7 5 eReeinforhim; and the time being come to difcover his mind, he declared it more by eftefts than vabal cxpreilions, honouring him with the Cardinal Pur ple, and admitting him amongft his Confidents, and thsc with rciion 3 bccmiTc his I3 ipthcr tind he luvc ferved the A.yoilolftjue State the fpace of thrce-fc-oie years. He is amient and unhcalthful , This Honour falling to his ihare in a fit time to attend him to Iris grave.

Vaiilucci of hath attained to a great age, thorow many troubles and fatigues , which hayc gained him t reeompence in a time, wherein he luth little other advantage but his hopes, thoie advance ments onely excepted whiclr his friends have pro cured him : which hapned very feaionabjy at this time, he not being fit to perform the hundaioris oi a Cardinal, as being blind. He was never enuued wnh much patience, and much retarded the' mogrefs of his Fortune by often fpeaking publickly with too much llbeity. Ocherwife he is a good man , but one tliat is more knowing in the Canon Law , than prudeirtin his converfe in the world. ' E/ci o f SiM3 had not the Title of biiinc.p before he was a Cardinal , but he was highly approved by the Pope, and befides that, of his kindred. And it was eafie to difcover by the tenderntfs otthc Pope s txbteflions to him , before he brought 1 ' ™ ' ° Pro motion , that he was enrolled amongft tliofc he nioft loved. Your inoft Serene Lordfliips, know him taj lietter than I do, liaving had him there as Nuncio a long while amongft you , with Uich fausi.iaion as vou may well remember. His qualities maltes h.iO worthy of the Purple and the Papal iViitre i^ n d I

A Relation ofthe State

believe he may come to it in time , unlefs the Court gvoiv weary ot the SteniiRS j whereof there being al ready three in the Colledge, it is to be thought the number may yet increafe , if the Pope live aslong as. he promifes tohitnfelf. The thought this Cardinal hath of your moft Serene République could not be more advantagious than they are.

% Soitvifi of Lexca , hath palled through all the Offices at Court, {hewing fometimes a confiant refolution of fixing there, and othervvhile an inclination to quit it j asitfeemedin his long abfence he had intended. In this Pope’ s time,, his hopes renewed afreih , confidering he had a refped to the merits of deferving perfons : and truly he called him of his own accord , without being courted to it. He was at fii'll Mailer of his Holineîs Chamber , and in tliat Office he improved the good opinion the Pope had of him , fp that he was comprifed in the firft pro motion together with five other men , 'who had all parts neceflary to attain to the Dignities of Cardi nals. He hath none but good qualities , and knows how to gain the love and efleem of others, as well as to love and elleem others hlmfelf , and efpccially thofe Princes that deferve m oil, in whicii number, to any knowledge, he places your moil Serene Signory.

F.mcfe^a Roman,, was under lavocwi for a time the fifth Evangeliil. That Pope followed his opinion in all things , and efteemed and made great plioicc of them, as proceeding from a man very learned, pmdent, and of great integrity ; afterwards he diIliked|hira, becaufehe fpake not according to his fancy , and made no more ufe of him, but Ipake of him evert in a kind ofa defpifiug way. The prefenc fopc , who judges o f the merits cf a.en perfeâly well ^

of the Court of Rome.

Vvellj raifed him to the Office of Majordom, in which hcdifchargcd himfelf exceeding well, although ha hadathoufand other occupations, there being no Aflcmblyheld to which he was not called, i f they treated of any bufinefs of importance. He helped the'Family at prefent in command to the purchaie of the Lands o f Farse/è, being his jurifdidion, andfuggefted the means to exclude the Duke of Parma, who in default of this Branch was to fucceed therein e in fine, having had the Hat for a reward, they com mitted the Legation of Bologna to him , which he performs to the Pope’ s great fatisfadion. He is a. great W it, and perhaps greater than were fitting for the Publique, were he Pope ; but ihouid he pretend to it , he would find oppofition, and the greateft would be the Duke of Parma , with whom he hath never kept any good coirefpondence for the interefl: of his Family; therefore the Spanyards, out o f a complaifance they have for the Duke, and becaufe they have prejudged he hath fome inclination towards Prance , will do all they can poffibly to obftrud Ins being made Pope. The time of the promotion which is to be made in confideration of the Princes approaches, and fince it is already made known who ihall be promoted , I leave that care to the moil excellent Sagredo to in form your moil Serene Lordihips of their condition and qualities, and ihall onely add, that as for him that pertains to your Republique, who is to be made Carcilnal, 1 would not fay any thing ofic to the Pope, kno'.vingihis favour lights Hill on thofe who are moll agreeable to hisHoIinefs; it being fufficient that your Signoi y does herein receive an ho nour equal to thofe other Crowns without pointing out'

A Relation ofthe State

o^c the inclufton, or the exclufion of any one in par,ticular , provided you have no diffidence of the perfonthey ihall promote; 1 could here {hut up the Lift of thofe that make up the 2,randeut of the Court of Ràìfie , hut fiiice the Queen of Swede»' hath made choice of it for hec-or-^ dinary refidence , and that I hapned to conimunicate fometimes withher Majefty 5 1 Arali add feme fmall tnatter which I have to fay concerning this Princefs. At her fitft coming to Rome'ihe had fo little know ledge of the grandeur of your State, that Are thought it ftrange your Minifters Arould be treated equally with thofe. of the greateft Kings in Chriftendom : and therefore when it was told h er, that myPrediceflot intended to give her a vilrt, Are feemed in the beginning unwilling to allow him the fame Honour Are granted to the Minifters of other Princes j but being informed chat Are nriftook , Are condefeended to do it in the fame manner as was ufual at Court. She was afterwards fully acquainted, with the great fervice this Republique did to all Chriftendom, in oppoling fingly the dreadful Porces of the common Enemy. And this made her Arew more complaifante ’ in often converfing witlr me ; and to have the better occafions , not regarding her little power fo miieh as following the fentiraents of her generoffty , Are prolFer’ d to find out the means to raife a Regimentof Infantry for the fervice of this State, a n i gave the charge hereof to Sent'meUi her favourite. But afterwards the difficulty of getting her mony out of Swede» being encreafed , the firft great heat of her good-will grew cool, fo that after the order Are had given for the receipt of a thoufand Doublons , Are made no other aifignment j all the reft vanlAring in fmoak, as well through the death of SemimUi, who . was

o/the Court of Rome.

was ufually there to pay the Soldiers « as the difgracc o f another who till then was thought to be in favour with her Ma j.fly. However , I omitted not to pay her my refpefts from time to time j in token of my acknowledgment, to which Ihe ever correfpoBded byaftionsof great civility. But to fay truth j that Princefsis polleficd oncly with vain Ipeculations, which are the foundation of thofe great undertakings Are deflgnes. And being unwilling to venture the hazard of misfortune , hoping for all flie delires , fo flic thinks every thing that comes in her fancy is very ealily hioughc to pafs. And i f the news )of the King of Sweden’ s death , which 1 heard of in my journey homewards, proves true, her want of mony will yet be greater. Indeed, Pope Alexan der voluntarily engaged himfelfin thofe great expenccs were made fur her reception at Kawe, but no man doubts but he repented him of it lince, when he perceived there was not that folidity of judgment in her as had been reported j for ihe hath made k appear, flie is a Woman like others, and by t a i e quence as fubjeft to defedls as any ocher of that Scjt. She hath at pteienc begun a courfe of life fomewhat more moderate , and therefore more durable ; and if flie would have leally perfwaded the woild , that it was a knowledge of the true Religion which o b ligé her to quit her Cipwn and Kingdom , and pafs into the bofome of another Church and Country , flic could not have taken a wife: refolution, than to have made lier retreat into fome Monaflery v h a e ihe migfu have been at eafe, and lead a quiet life tree from trouble, and fuitable to Iter condition , notas to the greatnefs, bat the convenitncv of it , and with a i:bt-rty to have come nut again when (he pleafed. She did nor nv,ic!i praife thePope , butfaid? ihewm |>:aniicd

À Kdaizon of the State

promifed by him 3 thathev\ould put her in a con dition to live handfomlyj whereas on the coiiirary Ihe perceived, that his Holinefs kindred had not that efteem for her they ought to have. She added many other things,3 which Ibews her to be of a querulous humour , thatis3 juft like a Woman that cannot tell what {lie would have. When I took leave of her, I found her pehfive'enough at the news of the dange rous condition of thé King oi Sweden i which makes me believe what 1 heard lìnee his death , that ilie Hath left iîo/«candis gone into her Country, the better to fecure the payments they wereengag’d to make her. When flic hath done that, if {he return to make her abode in Kome^ many people will be glad of it, but, very few will have any cauic to be jealous. And now, having made-known the internal and external qualities of the Pope, and his Kindred, to gether with thofe that ferve him, for aid and counfel in his Government both Politique and Eccleliaftlquc, it is time to examine the internal Senti ments of his Plolincfs towards Chriftian Princes, and fo to conclude by examining wjiat his thoughts are concerning the good and advantage of your moft Serene Hepiiblique , upon which ^ having made a moft ferious refleilion, 1 daic believe chat 1 ihall bè but very little or not at all rniftaken.

^ N d to begin with hlni, who Iwlds the firft and higheftrnnk, and’ hath moft authority amongft Secular Princes, the Emperour, we cannot foy but the Po’pc holds veiy good intelligence or correfpondcnccwithhini,rinceac:heEl;aron of his Majeffy

of the Court of Rome.

jefty to the Itnperial,Crow'n , he 4 iii all h« able to overcome thofe^diffieulrjes the EleftorS made, who ■ ¡VOufdhardly comply, unlefsfpme.fatisfaftlon were piUowed them which they pretended were due to ihem : and his Holinefs had much adpe to gain the favour as well of the Ecdefiaflique, as the Secular Elc&ors 5 not to name the Ptoteftants, who being on the one hand perfwaded by the Sollicitations of the and on .the. other with-hcld, by the certain' knowledge, it was tiien the. onély time to make their, conditions better ;xhan they had been ; for it was, much impaitecl ; thotow the long continuance of that great Dignity in t h e , F a m i l y ; and thetefoire the Pope fpeaksvery, loud of the high fervices he therein did to his Imperia] Ma jefty, having juft rea-fpntocxpeft he ibould in retiibutfon do aijy thing for him again that lies in Ills poyer ; To vv.hich purpole it is evident indeed, that they take all the catC. imaginable to pleafc him. Thus at the beginning of this Popéis Government, .it,was chiefly? upon his follicitation; that the Emperour attaqued the King of Swede» , by the invs.:fion he made upon Pomerimia. notwithftanding th e.maiiy^difficulties might have hapnedj by teafon .o.f the danger of. breeding new' troubles in Gsm^'-iy upon pretence of n weach of t|ie Peace af Mw/fer , which the Friends and Allies of the Swede riiight allege : and which. Is moft conr. fiderable, this was undertaken iri a time when the Court was empty of mony , which is a thing that ought,ftill to be had .¡n readinefs upon, any fudden commotion. Ney.ertheleli the Pope’ s peifwafions prevailed upon the promife he made, that if .any urgent occafion required, and they called upon him , _ he .would remit them a good film from.KosiC} bucal-,

tteigh

A Kelation of the State

though they did much want i t , and crayed it with muchearncftncfs , they were pnt off with many excufes 40 evade thepromife, as it is the cuiloaie of that Court to difingage themfelves , and leave thofc others engaged who confide too much in them. - And though this were huih’ d up by the ImperiaJifts , yet it hath made them fomewhat forgetful of the obliga tion the Pope pretended from this C ou rt, efpceiailyconfidering befides this j that the Pope’ s en-^ deavblir for the elcftion of Lcspoldits , was not fo much to hinder the choice of any other, as out of this refpeft the Pope had, that if the Imperial Dignity ihould fall on any ocher Prince , it were not certain whether the Autnority o f the Court of Rome would be ftill continued over the Oc’/mtn Catholiques, or whether the Pope’ s Conflitutions would be obferv’ d with the great reverence as now they are , under the. Government of the Houfeof which hath been ever very obfervant in the Cuftoms and Man ners of that Court. I therefore hold it for true and certain, that thè Pope and Emperor will at prefent keep a fait agreement, and the more, bccaufein the Treaty of Peace between the two Crowns é.Vr<mcf and SpiK», their interefts were little confidered, fince amongft all thofc that were mentioned and comptifcd, thefe were placed laft of d ll, at which they weieboth difpleafcd and murmured to themfelves j yet both dillembled this difeontent, which did in Tome manner help to tie them the more ftrifUy to their former confidence, and made the Emperourgive ear more readily to the Counlels of the Pope , When tlie troubles in the North iHcreafed, The Pope knows, that in the Enpperor’ s Court perhaps he iiath more credit than in any other, in Ghriftendome 5

ofthe Conrt ofRome.

dptncj which will mate him put . thofe deiigns in execution j he hath told me of more than once, whichiSj to put, the Empereur upon a War that will prove advantagious to Chriftendtime by an ealic Wajj but wholly referv’d to himfelf. Perhaps the prefent junélufe of affairs m ^ render the thing iïioré feafible than at another ieafon ; yet when his Holiñefs told me his deiign , whatfoever reflexion 1 mjidej yet could I not apprehend either how or when it itiight be brought ti^pafs. Nor do 1 be lieve' he would find m i ^ repugnance On the Empe ror’ s part ^ haviiig a lively fpirit 5 and great difpolition to engage iipon any good c.ounfcl s but if there 'flióuFd be much” moiny required to cirry it on , it vvould be efteemed a Chynlcra , becaufe the Princes of tliis age have an averflon to all propolltions of riipture that arc made, and tíre Empereur more than any, efpecialfy now his Coffers are drained, and . part of thofe under his power obey not their Superioitr very willingly, whilft others vvould be glad to ■ fee him fa ll, and eiery one is unwilling to disbuffe. The . Empereur hath no other Minifter at Rome but thè Cardinal Cátese , who bearing ever a great refped to the Pope for thé Inteteit of his Fam ily, cannot do liis Imperial Ma jefly any great fetvice in his Negotiations , but all paflès thorow the hands of the Lord Nuncio in tire imperial Court, who exercifes that Office with as great fatisfaâion. w either fide, as he did with profit » whenherefided near yout moli Serene Lbrdffiips. The fre?ich Nation does , perhaps , bell, of any apprehend the Genious of the Court of Roms , apa 'itnsws the readieft ways to withdraw themfelvcs ’ G l out

^ Relation of the St(Ue

out of fuch inconveniencies whaein ocher Princes do infeijfibjy engage chemfelvcs. They efteem and revere the Apoftblique Chair in a Souvvreign de gree , and tender all the refpeS that can be re- ' qulrcd fioma Piince truly Catholique and pibus; but for all this they are very cleaf-fighted and wary to maintain their Prerogatives, and prevent the Eccleliaftiques j who at prefenc endeavour to extend their power over a ll, from bringing any . prejudice upon them, No fooner is any decree made in the Sanau*y of Rome which reliilies of , ambition , but it is carefuM^ examined by the Par- ■ liamcnt, who oftentimes , without any qualifica- 1 tio n , gives judgment againft fuch decrees, and after lets the Court of Rome cry out againll them | as they pleafe. Many times alfo upon the dil- ! cuffion and negatiwe of what it contains they tell the Popes their Leflon, when they go beyond their bounds in feeking to diminifli the Royal Autho rity , fo that they arc moft commonly conftrained to bow, and give fatisfaftion. Which happens ve ry rarely, when the Popes have to do with a n y ' ocher Princes, how great Ibever they lie , for but of divers refpefts they dare not ufe chat libsity of fpeech which is natural to the Rmich ; which rriakes the Popes lefs hafty to inncfvate the Prerogatives of that Kingdorae, knowing that by bringing in feme Novelty they do not advance their buijnefs, but rather wrong themfelves , at lead in their R e - ' plication if no other w ay, tliey being Hill obliged either to relax, or not to fee that put in execution which they had refolved upon. I co'jJa not find that the Pope had any averfion for chatsNaiion, as ferae have believed, I onely ^ ■ perceived

ûfthe Court ûfRome.

perceived that he condemned their new form of Government, becaufe he thought it was invente d by MuT^arin, the onely objed of all the in juries I ever heard from his Holinefs mouth. But at the fame time he complained of Mit^çctine , he ever in termixed fome praifes of the King and Queen, and fomewhat in commendations of the flo-iiiihing ftate of that Kingdom, to whom that unhappinefs was befallen , as he faid , to be governed by one Angle Matt, who, without any regard to the publick good , fought onely his own private intereft ; but when the firft news of the Peace was fpread abroad, he was a long time very penfive, and of opinion, that it was fit to take good confideratioh of what palled;, ftill doubting that MlT^yin , by this pleating and wel come news, had a defignfo lull other Princes afltep, according to hisuilial policy , and after fome parade of his good intents, to avoid the world’ s blame, be gin again a W af with more fury than ever. I^ifterwatds, finding there wa^ really aTreaty, and being confirmed m it by his own Minifters, he could do no Itfs than exurefs fomefi^nsof content, and de-.. dare , ' that having never asked any thing of God with more affeftion and delire than the making o': this Peace, it was indifferent to him whether it .was brought about by his or any other means, he having this comfort at lead , that the Articles could not differ very much from thofe, which he a long time before by his many confukations and carts had framad to the fame end. B u t, lor all this , the Pope was, fomewhat netled, though he would not fnew i t , that it (hould be faid, Thé Peace was now brought about by that'fame nerfon , be h.td in all comuanies accufed as the onelv- diilcntcr and o--

A Relatióit ofthe State

po er of what he undercook :p make them agree upOn ; and that the Spanyardi (hoM now come to acknowledge him the Author of the peace and quiet of their State, that had ever been their Antagqniftj and oppreilcfd them , to the great prejudice of the Catholique Religion : And although the Pope made a large difeourfe in praife of Mtiarin, to the Gentleman that came to Rome about the Difpenfation for the Marriage, briefly running over all the particulars therein , and making it pafs for one o f the gteateft and happieft aftions that ever was eifefled by any of his Predeceflors, or hlmiftcrs ; yet upon fome occafions hapning fince > it waseafie to také notice , that his Holineii flill retains part o f his old jealoufie; and were there no ocher proof, that which palled concerning the Arch-bilhop of /imbfiM , Ambaflador from the King of Fr.vice to your moft Serene Lordlhips , were a lufl||icnc on e, which hath occafidn’ d the great difeontent that hath lafted^fo long time, and can not yet be compofed. For the Pope ftill pleads th is, that although there were many other men in Frnce of greater probity, and fitter for that emr-loymenc chan he , yet tyould put it upon on Fitcleltalliquc , that fo hecaufe of the integrity required therein, and the inconvenicncies-which 'would follow, he raighr be fare to find out forae ocUaiionof difeontent when he plpafed. Your Lordihi'i's cinnot believe how mudi heat the Pope Ihewed ju maintaining this opinion , for although che dd'erence were a trillo, the aftion not being in it fpif lu confidcrable us the ' Church-men would It iv; It to be , yet I have been more puzzled about it d'.ar. in n‘ ittrers of tjic liighcit imrorcance , haring i bad

ofthe Court of Rotti e.

had'much ado to perfwadc the Pope , not to believe your nioft Serene Lordlbips took part rather with the Fnncb than him j who by your refuling to receive his Nuncio in a habit different from the ordinary garl^ youflrewed ho\V little you cared thoApoftolique Chair fhould maintain its Prerogatives , and that Authority that jjo d alone can limit. 1 omitted hot to Ibew his Holinefs 3 moft fincerely , that the end and onely aim of your Lordibips was to pre vent greater difeontents that might have followed , and to abftainfrom thofe kind, of Novelties which in time might have been made cuftomary. 1 intreated fonie of the moft confiding and judiciou;. Cardinals 3 to mediate about it , that fo finali a. matter might not make diil'ention, but that your Eordfhips fincerity might be looked on with a pru dent eye. But the Pope would not be fatisfi’ d with reafon , who continuing his 'firft complaints , re plied j Thitit w asi meditated bujinefs of rifi’ i , who had not been content to trouble the whole

world by blowing the coals of diffentionanel war, but would now , if he could, ma{e them pad bittmefs , too 3 in the very beginning of a Peace^ He wafted a great part of the Audience before Iris anger could be abated , in thefe and the like kind of difeourfes. And 1 doubt whether things canftand long as they are, unlefsthe French rdblve to recall their AmbalVador from hence, as I think all the world-is bound to do what they can, to maintain the Peace by fuch common iatisfadions , hoping that here after things of fo finali impoitancc ftiall not inter rupt our greater joy and quiet. However, 1 think, noewithftanding this 1 have related, 1 may truly tell your mwft Setenc Lotdih'ps 3 it is mail likely, tiiat G 4 ah hough

Â Relation ofthe State

although thé Pope,and the King of Vuncc are not alwa/i ábfolutcly facisfi’ d with each other, yet they would fcarce be brought to ftrch terms as fltould caufe a rupture ; they being likely to keep and con- j tinue their amity , not onely diiring the lifie of this Pope and King, but of their Succeflors And there' are two reafons that oblige me to believe fo ; the firft ■ is , that the Popes finding they cannot intro-t ‘ duce their Innovations according to their owa fan cies , by force and rigour , into that Kingdom, to die prejudice, of the privileges of the Gilliun Church, and the notable dirpinurioh of their Tem poral Jurifdidion, vyin forbear i t , that they may not undeigo the contempt of feeing their Decrees reje ile d , and their Authority defpifed. Whence it will folldW , that t!ie Gaafe ceafing , thofe Diflentions j which are the Eftefts, will ceafe likewife. The fécond, which is purely Politique , may be re duced to this , That although- the Popes have ac quired great power oyer the SpMyark , by their haying feveral times extremely obliged them , and do in their Country exercife an Authority not at all difputed, nevenhclefs they cannot but have fomcjcaloufie and fear , left that Monarchy ihotild one day open its eyes, and endeavour to eafe thcmfelves of thofe great burthens the Clergy have infenfibly laid on their backs'; and becaufe if that ihould happen, it may be the thunder of the Cenfmes, and Tcibperal power of the Church , Would prove Inliifficient io oppofe that danger. The Pope’s have thcefore made it their Maxim to keep the Amity of theF/<acw, asa means thereby to help themfelves in Cafe there fhould any cliangs or flirs happen on the Houfe oî An^na. Some Cardinals have at ■ ' times

&fthe Court of Rome. 8^ limes entertained me with difcoarfe on this fu bjeâ , not in fuch plain terms, but however in fuch a way, that I could eafily perceive that they fee clearer and farther then fome Princes imagme they do. When ever the 'Brench, laying afide their fufpidou of the Clergies cqvetoufnefs, fhall endeaVour qrdefire to be at greater amity with the Court of Rqm ^ there isno.caufe to fear but it would fucceed, becaufe of their conformity in Religion , and becaufe of their own intereft ' who, if they ihoiild trouble the peace of Rome , would compel them to unite tlicmfelves more firmly with the d , a thing the Bnncb will endeavour tq obftiuijl as much as pollibly they can. j I f we fhould judge of things according to the intereft of the Court o f Rome, and Pope Alexander’s inclination , we need not doubt but the Spanjiards poflefs the affeftion of his Holinefs more than any other. The intereft of the Court of Rome cpnfifts in this, that for the moft part, themony wherewith it is glutted above all the other Cities in Ita{y, comes in greateft abundance from the States of the Catholique K ing, where the Ecciefiaftlcal T ri bunal is held in Sovereign veneration, all the States of that Monarchy having their recouife thi ther, to the great profit of the Officers, who h^ve a fliaie in the Firft-fmits and many other things , according to their Quality , and their Offices. And as for the Pope’ s inclination, provided he otherwife liave a general zeal for the goqd of Chriftendora , dnd the propagation of the Fa ith , and that he rc^ main ftedfaft in thefe two things, as I believe he dotli, I think rhe may and oi.ght to have a more particular

A Kelation oftho State

particulai' affeftion for that Nation , whofe Maxim it is , Not to admit of any other Religion in their Dominions baz the Ri>mimCiuh«liqne, and employ<| ing all the power they have to advance i t ; But in truth , things are not carri’ d thus , for whether the Court of Koiwc believes that all the do in ptetcrice of Religion is rather out of felf-intereft, or whether this Court is perfvvadcd they ought abfdliitely to rule over thofe that will never fall foul on her, how great foever the inconveniencies are they lie under , -it is ever obfetv’d in all theditferences arlling betwixt Rome and Spoilt, that after a great.and long conteft, the Agreement is moft com monly made to the Popes content , an^ the diminu tion of fomewhat of the Catholitjue King’s pre tences ; and whert buiinefles have thus hapned to the difadvantage of that Monarchy, other Princes have alio received a notable prejudice thereby: iac when the Pope or his Minifters .have oncecaixi’d fo high a hand over the Sponyord as to make him yield, tliey prefcntly make ufe of the oppommity to quell or confound thofe tliat would do otherwife , or at leaft to induce them not to refufe th at, to which fo great a Monarchy as Spain hath acquiefc’d. This ftratagem may be elFeftual when they treat with inferior Princes, who are not able upon every conteft they have with Pam: to take Arms: but both the Pope and his Minifters decline all thefe ways, when they have to deal with the Freitch, who, when' the Clergy prefs’d them , by this example^ of the Sporty.trds, to condefcend to things which were pre judicial to them , foon gave them an anfwer which flopped their mouthes : Nay my fell being once earncftly follicited to prefs yeur iordfliips for a revocation.

ofthe Conrt o f Rome,

revocarion of thé Ordinance, which prohibits the Çlergy from purchafing any immovables, upon an example alleaged ofthe praélife ofSpaiv, and the* other Territories of his Catholique Maytlly , did give for anfvver , That the reafons which oblig’ d that great and vaft Monarchy to fuller it , were not current here, becaufe this Republique being but a petty òr little State , and the Clergy extraordinarily encieaíéd in wealth, if they were fullered itili to purchafe and never to alienate, our pofterity'could expèft no other than to be one day driven out of this * MSrih , and * Venice is budt and perhaps out of all her Tètrieit a ¿Ítríh^. tories on the firm Land. And to this are all thofe Principalities reduc’ d , who , not content with that fubjeftion they owe ihe Church of Rome , as the llniverfal Mother of Chrillians , have fubmitted to, and followed the Pope's delires tn thmgs indifferent ; not that they do at once de mand feveral things of difficulty , but foraetimes one thing and then another , and thus by little and little they gain fcrmuchas doth both diminilh and limit the Temporal Power: and lb when Princes Ihall think themfelves Mailers , tliey will find their Au thority fo eclips’d and manacl’ d , that they will be allonilh’ d to fee another mailer them at their own homes. Thofe who are acquainted with their ex tortions at Vafles , a n i pn haps in all the other Dominions of Spain, of the Officers of the Roman Trtafui-y, as well in matters of * Dcfpolling , as in * A certain Fee levi’ d by the Ecclejiijiical Cham-

■ ber at the death of a clcr^-man that bath no p m r to mafy a ¡rill.' the

A Relation of the St^te

the gathering up of what is raifed for the Fahrick of St. Peier , which they alio impofe on meet Laicks, , cannot bat admire, that the Minifters of Spain ihould be fo ^rouiie, as not to djjTerve with what Empire vo.d o f all diferetioh , and with what infolency they treat the Perfons andi Goods of their Subjeds. Let your moft Serene Signory, th e re fo re g iv e thanks to the Divine Bounty, that hath preferved her from'thefe confufions, and given her the pru dence and courage to defend both herfelfand Sub■ jeds from the violence of fuch Strangers, confirm ing her ever in the antient stud true Faith ; but alfo giving her at the &me time the judgment to difeem what is due to Cafar , and what to God. It is cer tain , that i f the Spmiards ftill keep th^ir eyes as clofe {hut as they have hitherto done v they cannot exped fo great a Tempeft from any other part as from theXiourt of Rome, when upon any acci dent there {hall arife dilTention amongft tfien^, bccaufe thde people that are Subjeds to the Auflriait Family being hugely poflefled with ileligion > and fully perfwa^d, that the Sanduary of Rome is that alone which ,can either bellow or deprive them of Eternal Salvation, if in the commencement of a . rupture the Popes Ihould proceed to Excommuni cation , or a R,evocation of Indulgences which they have liberally allowed, the Catholique Kings, it is beyond all doubt tliat a, general eombuftion would follow thereupon, which might occafion the revolt of all the Subjeds of. that great Empire , and fo the forfeit of the peace and lecurity of the Spaniards would flcuv from his too great obedience , wherein they imagine their chief ftrcngtii and power docs confift. But perhaps likevvife the good . ’ . Gênions

ofthe Court o/Ronie.

Genious of thofe Kingdomes will fu ^ tft fuch means as may prevent chele inconveniencies, and ( the prefent Age not having been happy in that ' Monarchy, by reafon of the few virtuous Men that have been her late SoUvereigns ) lure Ages may produce more excellent ones ^ and compenfe her pali: diforders j , by preventing thofe which might happen probably to ,her hereafter, in efteft, i f with attention we coniider<he prefent pofture of things in the vyorld, it greatly con cerns Chriftendome to have a Potent Prince, who in fuch dangers , -whercinto the power of the Titras may in an inftant and unprovided caft her j migiit fuddenly make head agaipfl: them without making of Leagues and expeâing Rjieigh aid , which cannot be compafled but by leiigth of time, and is a great retardment. And if Chriflehdome had had in this prefent junâure pf things a , powerful Prince to have thus fuccour’ d her, per haps yourmóft Serene ^goory had not been re duc’d to the condition Ihe is now in : And , iiotwithftanding , on her fccurity depends all what the Monarchy of Spain- poflbfles In Italy. But to. re turn to what 1 faid, Pope Alexander Is not igno rant of all thofe reafons he hath to make him lové Spain and her King ; and does often tell this to the Minlfters o f other Princes; Iwt in fuch a manner however , as if itfeemed ¿rat tire trenefits which the Court of Rome icctpretn from’ the Spanyards were not fo confiderable, as to hinder the Pope from denying them from time to rime thofe favours which they crave of him ,.as having au thority not to grant all to thofe Children he moft tenders what they lhall delire, but onely that which

AKeîafionofthsStaie

wliich will be for their greateft good, and higheft, fpiricualj advantage. His Holinefs iiath made complaint , for that the Spanijh Minifters have been too refeived and fecrer towards him , iH not communicating to him the Treaty of Peaces pretending that having ever believed the Propofitions on their piirc wete more plaafible than thofc which were ihaped in M ayrins Clofet i they did him wrong in obferying fo rigoroudy that Seal of Secrefie which had impofed on them : And although they endeavour all they can to calm his difcontchted thoughts there upon, urging that it was conceal’d in the fame manner from the Empereur , and even from the Republique , whicli had been fo- long time employ’ d^ about the Treaty. He is not, how ever , facisfr’ d with this excufe, but replies ,

That tbty ought to ma^e a difference between Se cular Princes and a Pope , who aimed at no other thing but to find out the means to give that con tent to all chriftendom, and not have left that ho nour to a mail who had ftudPd all the devices imaginaUe to obfiruii fo great ct happinefs. After all this, I conclude, that the Pope hatfi juft reafon to love the Spanyards, not fo much bccaufe they contributed to his Exaltation, as becaufe their Arras have put a ftop to the friiy of Herctiqueè, and their- Country brings in the Riches and opulency to the Court o f Pome, and I believe hef doth truly love them, but having found that his Predecellors had taken the v/zy to have niolb commpnly fomc contefts with, the Catholiqne' Court, he will not iwerve from i t , efteeming; thefc dirputc* do iij fome refpefts encreafr the* repuratioa

of the Cmrt of Róme,

deputation of the Court of Rome , and from thence hath a fair opporrunity to gain an efteem of ocher Princes 5 not declining my for mer Propoiltion, That the more the Spaayards condefcend to the Pope’ s w ill, the more will they prejudice thera[elves5 and the Obliga tions they do acknowledge to be due from them to the Apoftolique Seat, n»y one day produce moft dangerous .eftefls , unlefs they Fore-arm thenifelves by fuch pre'cautious means, BS they fhall judge moft proper againft the pretenUMis of'the Ecekiàaftiquesj thereby to put their Monarchy in abetter pofture- of fceurity. , The King o f VoliOid fublifts bc'caufe God hath' affifted him ; For otherwife , had he reJi’ d on chofe hopes the Court of KartK had given him tg fupply him, with Money, his enemies had triumph’d over him , and the total lofs of that Kingdom would have- lieen fuch a leading to other Provinces , as might hate wrougm the manifeft danger of eiiabliihing a Power in thofe pares which vvculd have be come formidable tp all ÌHYope. God be praìfed that we are fd happ.yasto fee everyone return ing to his own home again , his neighbouring Princes beglnningno ftickle in'that 'W ar,-as they ought to do ; wha'eas nothing to purpofe could have been expefted from them," had the prefftng affairs of Clrrifiendgm fummoned them to the defence of their own States. The Pope cjUcs loudly of the good Offices he did -for the Religion and Countries o f tlie Cathol'que Princes

^6 A Relation ofthe State Princes at that jiuifture. Bar the, Pote-Wi and Impcrialifls fpeak otherwife; they profefs, that at the heighth of all the War they found jiQ great benefit in the exhortations of his Holinefs, which ierved for nothing elfe but onejy to peifwade their Enemies they had not folitfle amity for them , but that they would fend them fuccour from Rme. And i? was this noife and nothing fife that made it believed , the Catliolique -Forces were fo much greater than indeed they were.: In rhe tnean time , King Ca//mr, a good Soiildier and good Catholique , finding at prefent his lofles arc nothing fo ,great, as he had caufe to fear they would prove , gives the Pope thanks for wh?t he hath done', and to pleafe him-the more tells him, Thit the vety

words i f his Holinefswm.jiot m ffedual /or his aj/iftmce. The Duke of Savoy .hath had no Minifter at Romo fince fome difcontent given him in Pope Innocent’ s ■ time : and , indeed, confideri'ng the little bulinefs, he hath there, he needs not entertain any. The prefent Pope , who feeks by all means and ways to add luftre and glory tu that Court, which he thinks does CQnilft much in the nurober of fuch, Minifters as relide there on the behalf of otfcer Princes, hath declared, that he Ihould be liuicli pleafed tp have an Ambafl'adour from that Duke, as from a Prince to whom the Church is much, ob lig’ d : This he made knoun obliquely to M ldam and the Vul-e her Son, who found it fit ting to content his Holinefs hereift, who would be

i/fthe Court of willing llkewife to add luftre to that F a mily , were riiire any of them at present v\oi^ y o f the initple j to lay the furcr foundation tor the pofterity o f the Chigi, upon which a ¿ettain M a r q u is ¿fe /ii Mojette, a very cc ni élete C avalier, prefenting hjnafelf at Rcrmi in quality of Arsbalfidoi'i the Pope exprcfbM a great deal of fatisfa¿tioh tiiereupon. , The name of the Grand Duke of ‘lofcmy is agreeable to the whole Court, the Pope ^fteems h im , and in the Confiftpry hath more than once fpoken of his Highnefs with a great deal of honour, perhaps becauit; beirig born hiá Subjeft, and the moft part o f his kindred being within his jurifdiétion , he believes , that as well out of the icfpeft to his birth, as from fhe confideratian o f what may happen , he ought to have ail that efleem for him which be is worthy of. In which this Pope is more praifc-wonhy than the • three Popes his predeceflbrs, which were fifemeai V I I I , Pa»/ and Urbm k\k V I I I , who although they were' born in Tojtany , did fo utterly forget what diey owed to their Country , and thofe who were the Princes of it , that they could not be eiecufed of ingratkade; but becaufe it is the natural vice o f Priefts , few men rcfledt upon -it ; and nevertheltfs this is the caufe that • Princes thertifelves do not; know, whether they ongfit to be glad that one of theit Subr jedis is radvaneed- to the-Sovereign Ecclefiafti«al D ig n ity ,.

Thefe

^8 A Relation of theState Thefc two Princes for feme other kind of imerefts receive not that fatisfaftion which they ought to have, he that commands at Romenever failing to claih fometimes with one of themj and fometimes the other Prince , and that perhaps to (hew they ate treated «dike j and io the one hath no more caufe to ap plaud the Government than the other. But for ail this they negotiate confidently, and as both have the repute of being pruoent, they communicate and confult together when thole two Courts have any thing of difference j which doth not a little ferve to preferve and makitain their amity. Although the Gem fe f after they had been fomc time without a Miniffer at Romei, becaufe in this Pope’ s time they had been, as it were , excluded from their pretences , have o f late fent one thither with fome hopes of being bet ter heard for the future: yet I can hardly be lieve the Pope will inovate anything in their favour , for fear of caufing fome mffurbance amongft the other Princes, who not thinking themfelves inferiour, would not fuffer them to enjoy greater Prerogatives than themfelves. Every one faid at Rome , that this Republique dtiiring mote grandeur than fhe already hath. Would fuddenly disbutfe fome great fum to obtain it, which might thereupon be granted, by covering the Contrad they might jmakc by fomefpecious pretence. All this may b e ;b u t the faireft and the hone&ell way, in my opini*n ,

of the Court of Ilome. 9 p n id n , would be to engage them to fuccourthis République with their Squadrons , provided they did not require a greater acknowledgment fee this than were due. The Duke o f Parmi after the fair words

they have given him , finds they do in eft'ed deny the fatisfaftion due to his juft defircs , which tend to furnift» him wherewith to re, deem his Eftate o f Cajln again. I did not Omit, having toui" Lordftiips Orders, to ac quit thy fe ir ¿r thofe devoirs to which I wa* eblig’d) both by the juftice of his caufe, and your Commands. But after they had turned me every way with am b^ous wbrdsi 1 found that fomewhat more efieftual was required to bring it to pafs. It cannot be dehi’d in truth, but they do very much wrong this Dnfce, for though in the Apoftolique Chamber they have made an A ft which adjudges this Eftate forfeit, if he redeem it not within a certain prefixed timej yet this Pope, of a milder and more temperate humour than Inment w as, ought rather to follow, the mies of Equity than the rigour of the La'fc j by confidering, that this ^ a t e is worth two thirds more than wHat it is engaged for, and that it could not happen in a worfer time for him to do i t , than fince the Còtìtraft was made, all Lombardy having been in Arm s, and he moreover neceflitated to fecure that Eftate at his own charges j al though it were a Feof belonging to the Churchj ilihich hath been i very great cxpence to him. H a , But

1 oo A Relation oftheState But when one treats with thofe of the Apo^ ftolique Chamber of any thing that concerns their jntereft, one can neither be heird, nor ever get any thing from them upon the ac count o f reai'on. It is is therefore the intereft o f all Crowns , hiving conlider'd the tenour of the claufes o f this Contraft , to find out fome way to relieve the Duke of this enor mous grievance; 'and this would be heft done by the Spar^ards^ to take away all thofe feeds cit difco^ from Italy ^ which might arife front the like difcontents: which Ihould it happen, the Spanyards would receive the greateft prc-. judice tliereby, as having nioft to loofe. But one good word from the Pope makes , them pafs by any thing , and keeps them from doing or faying ought that m ay djfpleafe him in the leaft ; and I perceive already, that the new Ambaifadour from Spain , D, Lewis VoiiTp de Leon, is- come with a defign not to negotiate any thing but what flidll pleafe the Pope > and for this reafon will petmk the Duke to owe the whole obligation o f this bufinefs to Strangers , who afterwards, and; that' withi rtafon , ¡hall be recompenfed for it upon c>ccafion. . ' This which

I have faid of the Duke o f

F.ama may be appli’ d likewife to the Duke of Modena, who alleges the greateft reafons ia the world upon the Subjfift of Comae'chk, and what is annexed to it. This procefi hath', been depending bcfojx the Cburc Tribunals

above

ofthe Court o/Ronie.

ioi

a|x»ve fixty years , and yet they cantiot.obta<n a Sentence that the demands of the Honfe o f £/|e ate unjuft, although the givateñ Lawyer* ot our times haveufcd all their Arc to find out fome plea that might make them let tali their pretences, or at leaft weaken and -invalidate them, and fiipport the Chamber’ s daiiii. Ail that the CounrdloLS could do, who never want evafians to fpin out a bufinefs, hath been to prolong this fame. Arid it hathhapned feveral tinies, when they were brought to terms of coritludung it by lome fair compofitiop , at the very nick of time when they were juft ending, they have flatted fome new exceptions to unravel it again, infomuch that this Suit iiath lafted al ready,as I faid,above threefcore years.But it were convenient, that at this time when the flamea of an univafal War are extinguiilied,thefe fparks, which might perliaps bring all into a combuftion again, ftiould be put out hkewife ; and it were rcafonable too , thofe Crowns fhould emr ploy their authority and power to' make them leave of drat bafe and vile avarice which is difpleaiing to the whole world. But iinlcfs they go about it roundly, and fpeak to the purpole in, exprefs terms, laying afide all civility, it will be difficult to bring this about , the aftairs of the Chamber of Kowc being a G ulf that fwallots ail one hath , and whence nothing can be re deemed no more than from Hell. The Duke of Muntoua is held in fome confideration at Rome by teafgn of the Hílate he H I polTeffis,

102 A Relation ofthe State poiTciTes, which fhould oblige all itd m s ta wilh him profpérity , aS the Pope doth , who does herein agree with the other Princes of italy. But otherwife he cares little for this Court, by- reafon of tire little bulîneflës he hath there. N ot does the Court oh their fide make any great reflexion on his perfon. They confider or look upon him as a Prince, who cannot do better than to follow the ftream with others> that is to fay , accommodate himfelf to the Gufto of thofe who are moil puiflant in Italy > and particularly your Signory : for in keeping ckjfc and well to her, he does at the fame time do well both for himfelf and tlie general good. We are now come to the l a i l , but moft im portant Chapter of this Relation , in which I am to diCcover , both what is in the Pope’s mind concerning the interells of your moil Serene République, and what good may be hoped for fionihim , or what hurt may be feared, if it ihpuld picafe God to allow him a longer life than his conilitution feems to promife. And i f from the Confident and familiar converfation of a'great Prince with the Minîiler of another, one may make a certain judgment of his intentions, 1 cannot believe any other but tliat -sour Signoi-y may hope much from him, not things of that im -ortance or quality that you havejiift need of, bat at leafl fuch things as may (uffice to maintain a peaceable colerpondcnce , and beget mutual Offices of Amiry, ftilt accomjiani’ d with the hearty dcfires

ofthe Court ofRome. 103 fires of beholding each others profperity ; For, in truth, I cannot fay but his Holmels treated with me with all kind o f civility and good wiU- and as for thofe things which be jutted blamable,as fitch adions, as having been per haps tnifteported, he thought worthy of cenfure; he hath ever dope it with fo much modefty and circutnfpeaion , that 1 fear I ihwld erre ihould 1 thin? ctheiwife ; becaufehis Holinefs hath ever fpoken of your fage Govern ment in fait terms , having declared it was guided and adminiftted with much Ju ftice and Honefty. Yet I wok notice that he every day made fome fteps towaids the defign he fad to. oppofe your Lordftup s wills ; and though he never changed his tone of fpeech in treating with me , yet it was « fie to fte that he had given place to fome finifter impreflions, which abated the good opinion he was wont to have naturally for this State. His, firft words were upon my reprelenting to. him the great and preffmg neceifities your Répub lique underwent by the expences of the W a i, That vour moft Serene Lordfhips would not accept of thofe Propofitlons that might m part have eafed you, as chat in fiifpcnding fome ufelcfs. Religious Orders, which bçmg orjeeeffefted had much diminilhed the Pubhque charge, there being yet a new way to bung about rtus benefit, i f the République would but fiiftci tiie Ecclefiaftique Order by little and little to repair the lofles they now fwft^med by the alienation of their E l b t « , which

1 04 A Relationofthe Stä{e done by revpkingthe Ordinance which.forbad clut Order to purchafe any : upon which I lhaU not de(Cant any more, having written fo m'.idi alreatiy thereot, that your moil Serene Loidlhips have juft caufe to be tired î But whatevci I could fa y , it was impoflible fot meto perfwade him, but that this Ordinance would produce; the bad effcfts he imagin’d, Sometimes he would take occâfion to complain,that there were, fuch difputes and praflifes hetwcen the chief ■ Commanders of the Army i t .lat it liindied die République from being well leived , and that the- moneys were not well adminiftred, for that thofe that manag’ d it made fo much profit themfclves, that it much ^ammfi d the- Publique , and that the fame Commanders lefs carefijl of doing their duty than of making advantage, by way of Trade , of thole Commodities they tranfported to thö icvant , were the caufe that the Publique, which required the entire application of her. Commanders, received a great prejudice there by. All which things withour doiibt proceeded from the Mouth or Pen of the Prioi Bitfei , who to hide or doke his own defeas, expofed thofe ot others. From thence the Pore took occafion to conipiain , that the République in her necellitics made liet addrefs to none but the Ai t>llol.qiie C hair, and he for his part had no greater care than to furnhli them with afliftance'’, and that if every Prince, according to the proportion of his rower, would but do as much as the Court of Ror/ie, yo-ur République would be fufflciently

’

oftheC^urtifRome. i ô $

ciently provided both for the DefeiifiTC and dit O dèanre; and hereupon he began to make t long enumeration of uiofe Chaises the Apoftoiique Chamber was f u b j^ to , and in thisdifCouifc, which was full c£ equivocations > a s ! fent wôrdto your moft Serene Lordfliips, he was largtr than enough to tire any one. He faid moreover, that at prefent the Peace was made between the two Ctcwns> and if they could formerly find out Treafure enough for a War -whereby! to ruine one another, they might bt&te rid o itio aflift this République, which was become the Frontier of all Chriftendom againft theTw^^i: That yourSignory ought to have a great and particular confidence in the Trench ^ feeing the partiality ihe had ftiewed (or them V when. Ihe gave them all the fatisfaftion they deflred, -tacitly alluding to what I related that hapned about the Ambafl'ador’ s Rochet. And thus we onely loft time in thefe difccjurfes at tire laft Audience, with little benefit to the Pub lique ; but it hath now been certainly made known to mCj that i f the Pope hath been hither to flow in performing that devoir, more incum bent upon him than any other whatfoever, he will be yet flower hereafter, fince he believes he hath gone farther than any other in his obli gations of oppofing the common Enemy. This is that which makes him unwilling to hear of the fending an Extraordinary Ambafl'adot to Kome, imagining he would go with the de-' fign alfo o f obtaining fome extraordinary fuccour : which, to fay truth, lf6ethc Pope very little

1 06 AMßlathn rftht State * little inclined to grant » rot to fay > ofaftinitely refolved to refufe it, bKaufe, indeed, there is no mony. If they think he will ereft any Banques to get it forthemj Ido not believe it ; fortefides, his Holinefs pleafcs hinafelf in expending what arifes from the few there are in fuch things wherein he takes a great delight, as in Build ings, and adorning of Churches, together widi all accommodations for his Dwelling-houfe : and ifhe (hbulddlfpofe hitnfelftodo fomewhat more than ordinary ,1 do not think he would ufe any other liberality but what coils him nought, which is an incrcafe of the Impofitions of the Clergy of this State, which is known to be already fo bare, that it hath nothing left but the bones : and that is juft a helping of us with our own proper goods, although it be not d e& red that we Ihould fay fo at K«we ; for they would, have us believe, that whatever belongs to the Priefts in what Country foever, apperuins to theih. When the time of my depar ture approached, I found the Pope iomewhat more mild. He gave thanks to God again for the Concluiion of the Peace, and teftifi’d, that he had a bencr opinion ofthe affairs in, the i e v a n t for the future , alleaging the reafon which I have noted, which was, that his heart told him, that your Republique would never Jay down their Arms till they had defeated the T u r^ S i and obtained fome fignal Viftory over them. I guefs, that he faid this to me , onely to éncourage your Lnrdihips, that f» they might refufe any kind of Treaty that might be pre judicial

lo j

iudicial tQ Chriftcndoin ; or wihaps he pro pounded {bme League to hirofeuj cither with the imperial Court, or that ofPotod.- I can not aver this, but I incline to believe the firffi rather , becaufe the Pope wtmld hardly find any Princes In thofe parts that would confidi in his promifesj nor would thw en gage thetiifelves in any enterprise without n lum in hand , that might afliire them not to be defetted, when they were once enter d up on it. At my departure , after he had ftood much upon my praifes, wherein I had m iM he would have been morefparing , proviwd he had (hewed hiftifelf more Iu>eral in his favours towards your moll Serene Republique, he rajoyned me to remember, to reprefent things ' to yoii : Thcfitft -, That you ^ deavour to fuppfels , or take up thcfe diflerences at the Tribunal of the Inquifition at T a d u i , which are ftlU in Cornell, to the great fcandal of all thofe that hear of that matter; ■His Holinefs told it me juft fo, without any reflexion on it. But when your Signery refolves to meddle with thofe interells, there muft be fomc imponant reafon that Ihall, induce you thereto. This order was very unpléafmg to me, becaulc it concerns a matter not fulting at ^ with my genious, and about which much noife hath been made. The fécond, That the fecurity of the Navi gation in the A d ria tiqu e Sea Ihould be more carefully Icwk’d after, for he complained , tlwt th;r^ was nb Trade in the poit ofviawuu , the Meimants

I o i A Relation rfthe State

Merchants n(>c being (bcure 'in their with their goods, by reafon pf the Reprifals thofePirats ofp«iei£iM 4o,make, who &otn time to time rove about to nJaW their robberies, «llarming the whole Coill?, of the M arcit, He addd., that if diitting the continuance of the War wjth. the , your Signory wbuld fuffer them to keep two Gailie^j in the Port of A ^ c m n , it ihould be done as foon as the Squa, drnn returned from the L e v a n t. The third , That it would pleafe your Lord(hips to forbear interpoflng their judgments in ¿Batters Eedefiaftical, as they do from time to tim e, which offends and infringes the Eccleliaftical Jurildiftion, and makesthem run them-' felves imprudently into cenforious inferences, pot minding thedifgraces hapnipg daily there upon : He preiled me much to oblige you litewife to inoaerate fomc of your Ordinances. The fourth , that your Signory would fa vour the Father Jefuits with their proteilion in thofe occurrences that may happen, becaufe die feeds of that hatred conceived againft them , remaining yet in the hearts of Tome that do nor well know them, it may be calìe, but it would prove no aft of generofity , faid the Pope to me, to lay feme ambulh by ca-_ lumny or impoftures againfl them, which are to be look^’d upon with an indifferent eye , and being found out ihould be repulfcd. I promifed to obfetve punduàlly what his Holinefs had commanded me, and to reprefent what he delired to your Lordihips. You may be pleafed ■* to

^ of tbs Court o f Rotne, i op to fee and confider wheiein.you can iayour his Holinefs , having fo Meat judgment as cannot m e ; which concluded his laft Audience, adding thereto his Paternal Beiiediftion which he be llowed upon your Lordihips and myfelf,with his beft wiflies, and a prefage tif ViSories and perpetual profperities.

f INIS.

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