Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health
Quick read: State of Child Health 2026: England Introduction
Foreword
State of Child Health 2026 provides a clear and comprehensive overview of children’s health across the four nations of the UK, analysing progress against 12 key child health indicators.
“In early 2024, the UK government promised to create the healthiest and happiest generation of children ever in Britain. It is a noble goal that governments of all colours across our nations should hold as a priority. This report is a stark reminder to policymakers that, to achieve that goal, there is a huge amount of work to do. Since the last iteration of State of Child Health (published in 2020), very little has improved and, on some indicators, the situation has deteriorated.” Dr Helen Stewart RCPCH Officer for Health Improvement
Nearly ten years on from the first RCPCH State of Child Health review, outcomes for children in England have either worsened or stalled across almost all key indicators. The impact is felt most sharply in deprived areas and among ethnic minority communities. RCPCH analysis identifies three key themes driving worsening outcomes for children and young people across the 12 indicators: •
Gaps in data: Inconsistent and incomplete data make it harder to measure outcomes, understand trends, and develop effective policies.
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Widening inequalities: Children growing up in deprived areas are more likely to experience poorer health and wellbeing, highlighting the strong influence of social and economic factors.
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Underinvestment in the workforce: Limited and unequal funding has reduced capacity in child health services and made joined-up support more difficult.
The findings from our 2026 review show that current approaches are not yet delivering the change needed. Failure to improve child health today risks lifelong health problems, poorer educational outcomes, and entrenched inequalities. Without urgent action, paediatricians are clear that we risk raising one of the unhealthiest generations of children in decades.
“Collectively, we must do better, and we must do it sooner. Improving child health requires sustained focus, long-term investment, and a commitment to tackling the root causes of inequality. Getting it right first time matters, not only for children today, but for the health and prosperity of our society in the years to come.” Professor Steve Turner RCPCH President
Methodology State of Child Health 2026 brings together the latest available evidence across 12 indicators of child health and wellbeing, combining analysis of national data, clinical expertise and policy evidence to identify trends, inequalities and priorities for action. The report was developed with analytical support from Born in Bradford and incorporates the views and lived experiences of children and young people, including a dedicated child-led indicator on emotional health and wellbeing. This quick read provides a summary of the State of Child Health in 2026 in England and includes our headline recommendations alongside a summary of each of our 12 indicators and associated policy recommendations. Quick reads summarising the same for Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland will be published separately. 1