e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science ( Peer-Reviewed, Open Access, Fully Refereed International Journal ) Volume:04/Issue:06/June-2022 Impact Factor- 6.752 www.irjmets.com
ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF DIESEL DEGRADING BACTERIA FROM DIESEL CONTAMINATED SOIL Muhammad Baseer Us Salam*1, Nihal*2, Adnan Khan*3, Zahoor Ahmad*4, Sania Iqbal*5, Muhammad Mubasser Ahsan*6 *1Department
Of Agricultural Chemistry And Biochemistry, The University Of Agriculture, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan.
*2,3,4,5,6Institute
Of Biological Sciences Faculty Of Life Sciences, Sarhad University Of Science And Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan.
ABSTRACT Environmental pollution with petroleum has been recognized amongst the serious threating problems globally. Some of the most existing petroleum hydrocarbons pollutants include diesel, gasoline and fuel oils. In the recent times, bioremediation/biodegradation techniques are used to remove environmental pollutants. A list of microorganisms have the ability to use petroleum hydrocarbons as the sole source of carbon for energy in order to carry out their metabolic activities. It involves the use of microbes to purify and humiliate environmental contaminants. The present study is carried out during 2019-20 by conducting isolation, identification and optimization of diesel degrading microbes from diesel oil polluted in selected sites of Peshawar, Pakistan. Bacteria like Acinetobacter baumani, Acinetobacter pitti, Acinetobacter calcoactius, and Pseudomanas auroginosa were isolated on the basis of morphological and physiological characteristics. Further the optimization was carried out for various culture parameters i.e., Hydrocarbon concentration and pH. The present study suggests that Acinetobacter pitti has the degrading ability at pH 7 when hydrocarbon concentration is kept at 2%. Keywords: Bioremediation, Environmental Pollutant, Diesel Oil, Bacteria, Optimization.
I.
INTRODUCTION
In the recent times, one of the most serious threating problem the world is facing is Environmental pollution containing petroleum. It has been known as the most serious issue due to its toxic effects on animals, plants and humans [1]. Petroleum oil spill is amongst the top contributors observed daily which eventually results in environmental pollution. Petroleum is composed of a hydrocarbon (HC) along with other organic compounds. Some of the major sources of soil and aquifer contamination include diesel oil leakages, distribution facilities and various industrial operations [2]. Oil spill can occur during the drilling process, accident or leakage from oil tankers or ships during transportation, seepage from storage tank and from natural process [3]. These contamination sources lead to pollute both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems [4]. Diesel oil (a petroleum product) contaminants affects the soil as soil absorb it in its surface due to its properties like low emulsifying potential and density while high level of viscosity. This lead to affect the absorbency and soil porosity [5],[6]. Petroleum HC consists of Carbon (C) along with Nitrogen (N), resulting in the chemical change of soil organic matter (SOM). This also disturbs the soil salinity along with pH and electrical conductivity (EC) [7]. Aliphatic HC show more persistent in the soil due to large chain (C20–C40). This leads to difficulty in volatilization and degradation due to their low water solubility and structure [8], [9]. Petroleum HCs are toxic when present in low quantity and can be carcinogenic or mutagenic to wildlife and humans [10]. In the recent times, sustainable techniques are applied in order to tackle this problem. One of the techniques include bioremediation which is an accepted environmental friendly technology. Bioremediation refers to the use of microbes, such as bacteria and fungi, in order to transform the environmental contaminants into less harmful substances. This technique engages the microbes in order to degrade pollutants effectively and efficiently [11]. This technique has numerous advantages if compared with conventional remediation technologies, i.e., easy to be installed, eco-friendly, mass application in large areas, low cost and can lead to the complete destruction of different contaminants [12]. Bacteria are usually used for the remediation of soil and water containments affected with petroleum products. Bacteria are found throughout the environment due to www.irjmets.com
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