International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 13 Issue: 03 | Mar 2026
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
“VERIFICATION OF CHEQUES: ITS CTS, SECURITY & FORENSIC PERSPECTIVE” Dr. SWAPNIL GUPTA Assistant Director & Scientist ‘C’ (Documents), CFSL Delhi, DFSS, MHA ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------previously deposited. The drawer writes the various details Abstract - Forensic examination of the security features of a
including the monetary amount, date, and a payee on the cheque, and signs it, ordering their bank, known as the drawee, to pay that person or company the amount of money stated. Cheques are a type of bill of exchange and were developed as a way to make payments without the need to carry large amounts of money. Technically, a cheque is a negotiable instrument instructing a financial institution to pay a specific amount of a specific currency from a specified transactional account held in the drawer's name with that institution. Both the drawer and payee may be natural persons or legal entities. Specifically, cheques are order instruments, and are not in general payable simply to the bearer (as bearer instruments are) but must be paid to the payee.
cheque involves systematic visual, instrumental, and technical scrutiny to detect counterfeiting, substitution, or tampering. Forensic examination of cheques focuses on verifying security features like UV-sensitive inks, watermarks, microprinting, and void pantographs to differentiate genuine documents from counterfeits. A number of Security Features under Mandatory and Desirable Category have been proposed by CTS 2010 for the implementation and improvement of cheque. The Cheque Truncation System (CTS) is an image-based cheque-clearing system in which the physical cheque stops moving beyond the first bank branch, and only its digital image and MICR data are transmitted electronically for processing and settlement. It was introduced by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to make cheque clearing faster, cheaper, and more secure. In questioned-document examination, the presence, quality, and magnetic properties of the MICR line can support or challenge the genuineness of a cheque, especially when compared with standard genuine-cheque MICR samples. In the current research work, verification procedure(s) to check the authenticity of cheques explained which should be used by the Forensic Scientists, Bank officials and Layman etc.
The four main items on a cheque are •
Drawer: the person or entity who makes the cheque
•
Payee: the recipient of the money
• Drawee: the bank or other financial institution where the cheque can be presented for payment
Key Words: NIA, RBI, CTS, MICR, E13B.
•
Amount: the currency amount
1.INTRODUCTION According to Section 13 (a) of Negotiable Instruments Act (NIA) 1881, “Negotiable instrument means a promissory note, bill of exchange or cheque payable either to order or to bearer, whether the word “order” or “bearer” appear on the instrument or not.” Section 6 of NIA defines “A cheque is a bill of exchange drawn on a specified banker, and not expressed to be payable otherwise than on demand”. A cheque is bill of exchange with two more qualifications, namely, (i) it is always drawn on a specified banker, and (ii) it is always payable on demand. Consequently, all cheque are bill of exchange, but all bills are not cheque. A cheque must satisfy all the requirements of a bill of exchange; that is, it must be signed by the drawer, and must contain an unconditional order on a specified banker to pay a certain sum of money to or to the order of a certain person or to the bearer of the cheque. It does not require acceptance.
Fig 1: Sample of a Cheque Types of Cheque: Cheques come in various forms, each serving a different purpose and providing unique features. The common types of cheques and their identification procedure mentioned below: (i)
A cheque is a document that orders a payment of money from a bank account. The person writing the cheque, the drawer, usually has a bank account where their money was
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Bearer Cheque: A bearer cheque is payable to the person who presents it at the bank. It’s easily transferable since ownership changes simply by delivering the cheque.
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