International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 13 Issue: 05 | May 2026
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Traffic Congestion Analysis and Flyover Proposal at Appa Junction, Hyderabad Pannala Harshitha Reddy1, Putta Dharmendar2, Nagar Goje Vittal3, Mudigonda Srinivas Yadav4, Kadigalla Premchandar5, G Uma Shanker6 1, 2,3,4,5 UG Students, Department of Civil Engineering, Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India 6 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------throughout the region. Because of this shift, movement Abstract-Rapid urbanization and increasing vehicle
within the city has grown more complex, especially where roads meet under heavy daily use. Located along a key stretch linking Mehdipatnam to outlying neighborhoods like Chevella and Kokapet, Appa Junction handles constant vehicle flow. Near the Financial District, this crossing plays a central role in how people travel across southern and western zones. Pressure builds during peak hours when too many routes converge without enough space to absorb delays [4].
ownership have intensified traffic congestion at major urban intersections, reducing transportation efficiency and travel reliability at Appa Junction in Hyderabad, Telangana, experiences severe congestion due to heterogeneous traffic flow, frequent turning movements, and inadequate roadway capacity. This study evaluates the operational performance of the junction using standard traffic engineering methods and proposes a suitable long-term improvement strategy. Traffic volume surveys were conducted manually at all four approaches during peak and off-peak periods. Vehicle counts were converted into Passenger Car Units (PCU) according to IRC:106-1990 guidelines to analyze mixed traffic conditions accurately. The study recorded a peak traffic volume of 4806.5 PCU/hr against an available capacity of 3600 PCU/hr, resulting in a Volume-to-Capacity (V/C) ratio of 1.33 and indicating oversaturated conditions with Level of Service (LOS) F. Future traffic projections, considering an annual growth rate of 7.5%, estimate traffic demand to reach approximately 6900 PCU/hr within five years. Conventional at-grade improvements such as signal optimization, road widening, and roundabouts were found inadequate to accommodate future demand. Therefore, the study recommends a flyover as the most effective solution to improve traffic flow, reduce delays, enhance safety, and support future urban growth. The findings emphasize the importance of data-driven transportation planning and sustainable infrastructure development for rapidly growing cities. Keywords: Traffic Congestion, Passenger Car Unit, Level of Service, Flyover, Urban Transportation, Traffic Engineering, Junction Improvement.
Because of uneven vehicle mixes, the current ground-level crossing at Appa Junction clogs badly when traffic peaks. Turning maneuvers grow more frequent, while lane layouts fail to keep up - space on the road simply runs short. Twowheelers weave between buses, autos cut across car paths, trucks struggle to merge; each type moves at its own pace. Flow breaks down under such imbalance, creating stop-andgo patterns that stretch waiting times. Delays pile up, lines of vehicles extend farther back, movement turns unpredictable. Crashes become more likely where timing and spacing are constantly disrupted [6]. Heavy traffic slows travel times while increasing fuel consumption, harming air quality, costing cities money, cutting productivity, raising frustration among drivers. Because of these impacts, researchers now prioritize analyzing road networks through data-driven methods so planners can design better layouts that fix weak spots in current infrastructure [5]. Though cities grow fast, movement slows down where roads jam. Traffic counts help see how many vehicles pass by during set times. Instead of counting every vehicle type separately, they get turned into standard car units for easier math [1]. When road use climbs near its limit, engineers check how full it runs using a capacity fraction method [8]. How smooth travel feels to drivers gets rated on a scale called service level. Where tangles of cars pile up, going overhead with bridges lets some traffic skip the stop-and-go below. These raised paths split flows by height, cutting delays without widening streets [2].
1. INTRODUCTION Because cities grow fast, their roads often struggle to keep up [1]. Moving people and goods shapes how well urban areas develop economically and socially. Where streets meet on busy routes, delays pile up when design fails to match rising travel needs. Even so, better transport networks can ease crowding, connect communities, open markets, boost productivity, and lift daily living standards [8]. As vehicle numbers climb sharply across large cities, jams become common during peak hours. Though essential, many junctions now operate below expected performance levels. Despite its recent surge in size, Hyderabad continues to adapt as homes, offices, and public facilities spread rapidly
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A closer look at Appa Junction reveals current traffic conditions shaped by growing demand, where movement patterns suggest persistent strain during peak intervals. Instead of continuing surface-level adjustments, elevated infrastructure emerges as a responsive measure to ease flow
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