International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 04 | Apr 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
The Road to Efficiency: Emerging EV Charging Techniques Amol R Sutar1, Mahadev S Patil2, Tejas N. Bagwe3, Omkar S. Chavan4, Manish V. Dambe5, Bhagyashri S. Natekar6 1,3,4,5,6Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Finolex academy of Management and
Technology, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India.
2Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Islampur
affiliated to Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Sangali, Maharashtra, India ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Compared to hybrid and combustion engine
About 23% of the world’s energy-related CO2 emissions come from the sports industry, and between 2010 and 2015, emissions increased at a pace of 2.5 percent annually. Moreover, internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles incur higher fuel and maintenance expenses due to regular oil changes, engine upkeep, and mechanical deterioration, unlike electric vehicles (EVs). Whereas EVs transform more than 80% of electrical energy into mechanical power, an ICE's efficiency is normally between 20% and 30%. Furthermore, the combustion and exhaust systems of ICE vehicles produce a considerable amount of noise pollution. The decarbonization of the transportation industry is anticipated to be significantly aided by transportation electrification. Over the past ten years, the market for EVs has grown at a never-before-seen rate. With so many advantages, EVs are becoming the favored option for transportation in the future. Since EVs don't emit tailpipes, they help to mitigate climate change and reduce air pollution. They use energy more efficiently than conventional gasoline-powered automobiles, with efficiency rates of 80%. Since electric vehicles contain fewer moving components, they demand less maintenance and operate without the need for gasoline. To further lessen carbon footprints, they can be charged using solar, wind, or other renewable energy sources. Incentives, tax breaks, and subsidies are provided by numerous governments across the globe to support the transition to EVs. A quieter and more comfortable ride is another benefit of not having an internal combustion engine. To provide charging services to various bikes, cars, which will require the power electronic circuits to work with incredibly wide battery voltage ranges, is the obvious problem for EV chargers. Because of its benefits for the economy and the fight against global warming, the usage of EVs and plug-in hybrid EVs is growing daily. There are two types of EV battery chargers: onboard and offboard. The ability to charge a vehicle's battery from any power outlet is made feasible by on-board equipment while the ability to charge a vehicle’s battery from a specific charger at a charging station is called offboard charger. The electric vehicle (EV) market is experiencing significant global growth, fueled by increasing consumer awareness, stringent environmental regulations, and continuous improvements in battery technology. In 2023, the market was estimated at USD 500.48 billion and is expected to
vehicles, electric vehicles have many advantages. However, the market for automobiles has yet to embrace electrified vehicles as widely as anticipated, primarily because of the lack of the fast charging and the issue of driving range anxiety. Additionally, the electric vehicle's onboard charging system is extremely slow and has a restricted power capacity. Therefore, fast charging systems capable of charging an electric vehicle in a few minutes and give it a long enough driving range are necessary for the advancement of the electric vehicle industry. This article aims to explore battery charging systems, as well as current and emerging developments in power electronic devices, converters, and research possibilities. It also provides an overview of the fundamental architectures of high-speed charging systems and assessment of power efficiency converters, along with their comparative analysis. Another challenge is developing high power, highly efficient, low-cost charging systems and their integration with renewable energy sources. This method of charging batteries promises increased energy conversion efficiency with variable power demands, guaranteeing steady and dependable operation that makes it appropriate for a variety of applications, such as renewable resources and electric vehicles. Key Words: (Electric Vehicles, Lithium-ion battery, EV chargers, Fast charging, onboard and offboard charging, renewable energy integration.) 1) . INTRODUCTION Electric vehicle (EV) technology has advanced significantly due to the increasing global demand for sustainable and energy-efficient transportation solutions. Battery charging systems are one of the most important elements of an EV ecosystem since they guarantee effective energy storage and use. Electric vehicles provide several benefits compared to conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. including zero tailpipe emissions, reduced dependence on fossil fuels, and superior energy efficiency. As advancements in battery technology, charging infrastructure, and electric drivetrains continue to evolve, EVs are becoming more accessible, practical, and appealing for everyday use. This study aims to explore the advantages of using a PSFB-based battery charging system compared to traditional charging techniques.
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