International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 12 | Dec 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
THE EFFECT OF LOAD VARIATION ON THE PERFORMANCE AND STABILITY OF DUAL STATOR INDUCTION MACHINE USING PID CONTROLLER I. U. Uju1, I.I. Okonkwo2, B.S. Bere3 1,2, Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli, Nigeria 3, Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Kenule Beeson Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic, Bori, Nigeria
--------------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract- Induction machine is reliable, thus very usable in the industry especially its usability in the electric vehicle. A major limitation is the speed variation with load variation. The main objective of this work is to show the effect of load variation on the performance and stability of Dual Stator Induction Machine (DSIM) using PID controller. The analysis involved varying the load using 5N, 10N and 15N with performance metrics like step response analysis (overshoot, rise time and settling time) and Bode plot analysis. To analyse the complex vector model of the Dual Stator Induction Machine, a complete set of simulations were implemented using MATLAB/Simulink software. From the analysis, it was found out that the PID controlled DSIM: under 5N shows moderate torque stability, medium torque overshoot and high current ripple; under 10N shows poor torque stability, high torque overshoot and very high current ripple; under 15N shows unstable/oscillatory torque stability, very high torque overshoot and very high current ripple. The time domain metrics under different loads shows that the PID controlled DSIM: under 5N has an overshoot, rise time and settling time of 4.6%, 0.213s and 0.598s respectively; under 10N has an overshoot, rise time and settling time of 9.4%, 0.186s and 0.594s respectively; under 15N has an overshoot, rise time and settling time of 16-3%, 0.164s and 0.808s respectively. The frequency response shows that for 5N, 10N and 15N, the PID controlled DSIM peak gain is -6.02(at 2.83 rad/s), -9.04dB (at 0,927 rad/s) and -10dB (at 1.17 rad/s) respectively. The implications of the findings are: PID controller has a reactive and limited ability to handle sudden disturbances in the form of load variations. The step response analysis shows that increase in load leads to increased overshoot and relative increase in settling time. The frequency response from Bode plot reveals that with the PID controller (for the DSIM), an increase in load leads to more instability in the system. Keywords: Load Variation, Performance, Stability, Dual Stator, Induction Machine.
I.
INTRODUCTION
A Dual Stator Induction Motor or Machine (DSIM) is an induction machine which has two separate three-phase stator windings, sharing the same machine core and the common squirrel cage rotor winding [1][2]. In the machine, alternating current is applied to the stator and alternating currents are induced in the rotor by transformer action [3]. The asynchronous machine also known as a three phase induction machine is an Alternating Current (AC) machine which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy in the case of generator or converts electrical energy into mechanical energy in the case of a motor. Induction machines are referred to as asynchronous machines because an induction machine always runs at a speed lower than the synchronous speed in its mechanism. Synchronous speed means the speed of the rotating magnetic field in the stator of the machine [4]. Dual stator Induction machine consists of a standard squirrel-cage rotor and stator with separate windings wound on dissimilar number of poles. Each stator is fed from an independent variable-frequency variable-voltage inverter [5][6]. The DSIM is a rotating machine and as such produces torque unlike the linear induction motor which is basically a rotating squirrel-cage induction motor opened and spread-out flat and produces linear force along its flat axis [7]. An induction motor has more loss and less efficiency when it works at variable speed necessitated by load variation. The rotor and stator are separated by air gap which allows free rotation of the rotor and the magnetic field generated in the stator induces an emf in the rotor bars [8]. This research seeks to address the effect of load variation on the performance and stability of DSIM using PID controller. The PID controller is a development upon the PI controller which is a type of feedback control system that adjusts the output signal to reduce the difference the process variable and the set point.
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