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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 02 | Feb 2025

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

SYNTHESIS OF BIOFUEL FROM WASTE COOKING OIL: A REVIEW Arya M. Darade 1, Arya N. Zade 2, Pankaj Wankhade 3 1, 2 Second Year Students, Shri Shivaji College of Agril. Biotechnology, Amravati 3 Assistant Professor, Shri Shivaji College of Agril. Biotechnology, Amravati

------------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------1.TRIGLYCERIDES

ABSTRACT

Triglycerides are one of the most common types of fat in body. It is derived from oils, butter, and animal fats. The oil is converted into triglycerides and deposited for long time in body. The frequent consumption of oil especially cooking oil increase the level of triglycerides in the body. The fats provide us energy to carry on physiological and a metabolic activity in body. The increase in the levels of triglycerides affects and promotes heart diseases. The triglyceride can be converted into fuels by means of transesterification, pyrolysis, cracking, and emulsification.

The review article is focused on the double-edged nature of waste cooking oil (WCO). The waste cooking oil promotes health risks due to repeated use. However, it can be used potential feedstock for biofuel production. The repeated heating of cooking oil causes its oxidation and polymerization that increases the levels of triglycerides in body. The triglyceride is associated with cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders in human body. Improper disposal of WCO creates environmental pollution. The waste cooking oil offers promising alternative as feedstock for biodiesel production and simultaneously minimizes waste, emissions, and reliance on fossil fuels. The value benefit of WCO lowers cost to that of virgin oils and ensures economic growth, job creation and sustainability. The WCO may become sustainable source and solution for renewable energy and waste management.

1.1 Properties of triglycerides • The ester linkages in triglycerides are susceptible to transesterification reaction in presence of alcohol, methanol and specific catalyst. The catalyst may be acid or base. The catalytic reaction yields Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAMEs) as a primary component for biodiesel synthesis.

Key Words: Triglycerides, Biofuels, Waste cooking oil, Feedstock

INTRODUCTION

•The basic source of Triglycerides is a fat obtained from variety of sources like plant seeds oil of Groundnut, Soybean, Castor, Cotton, Canola, Sunflower, Palm and also from animal fats.

The global movement towards sustainable energy has been pacing as an alternative for fossil fuels. The waste cooking oil which is a kitchen byproduct often thrown away randomly rather than its proper disposal. The waste cooking oil contributes a lot to environmental pollution and enhances health risk. The repeated use of WCO result in the generation of triglycerides in body after consumption. The triglyceride is associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disorders in human being. The waste cooking oil accelerates the degradation of ecosystems and affect on balance of nature. It can serve as feedstock for biodiesel production and renewable source of energy. Proper disposal and utilization of waste cooking oil contributes in reduction of environmental pollution and greenhouse gas emission. The potential of waste cooking oil has promoted supports through various initiatives and programs for gaining benefit. The present review article gives emphasize on health issues raised due increase in the level of triglycerides in human body. The focus is given on aspect of environmental pollution due to waste cooking oil. The significance of waste cooking oil is focused in terms of synthesis of biofuel which would be sustainable source for renewable energy.

Impact Factor value: 8.315

•Triglycerides are energy dense compound which containing bulk amount of energy per unit volume. energy dense compounds are useful for synthesis of biofuel. • The biodiesel obtained by esterification of triglycerides is biodegradable and also reduces environmental pollution to that of fossil fuels.

1.2 Production of biofuels Triglycerides occur widely in animal fats, waste cooking oil, fish oil etc. have been used as raw materials for biofuel production. The fat or triglycerides cannot be directly used for biosynthesis of fuel. Basically, vegetable oils contain more unsaturated fatty acids, with good lowtemperature fluidity, therefore making them lot suitable for the production of biofuels. Among the various kinds of triglyceride sources, Palm oil is sustainable that is mainly produced in Southeast Asia which makes up the largest share of plant oils around the

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