International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 07 | Jul 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Swarm Robotics: Architecture, Applications, and Future Prospects Shourya Gupta1, Gargi Surse2 1Diploma Student, Department of Computer Engineering, Thakur Polytechnic, Kandivali East-400101
2 Diploma Student, Department of Computer Engineering, Thakur Polytechnic, Kandivali East-400101
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Abstract - The collective activity of social insects like
Systems (UAS), is becoming more affordable, efficient, and is boosting the transmission capacity of robots as solutions to problems ranging from disaster relief to research mapping.[2] They aim to build systems that are more robust, fault tolerant and flexible than a single robot. This concept exists since the 1980s, this branch of robotics has managed to move forward only at the enabling techniques which enforced this development were the evolution of electronic engineering and information technology, with smaller and more powerful electronic circuits, the facilities of wireless communication, and the assembly of electronic robots.[3]
termites, ants, and bees has served as an inspiration for the developing discipline of swarm robots. Swarm robots function by means of decentralized coordination among straightforward, reasonably priced agents, in contrast to conventional robotic systems that depend on centralized control and intricate individual designs. The fundamental design of swarm robotics, its main distinctions from traditional robotic systems, and its classification into homogeneous, heterogeneous, modular, aerial, undersea, and nano/micro types are all examined in this work. The paper also emphasizes the practical uses of swarm robots in fields including targeted drug delivery, urban trash management, military surveillance, disaster management, and wildfire detection. Swarm robots has several benefits because to its inherent scalability, fault tolerance, and adaptability; yet, issues such coordination complexity and restricted individual capabilities still exist.
2. HOW ARE SWARM ROBOTS DIFFERENT FROM TRADITIONAL ROBOTS A single robot must have a complex structure and control modules in order to do a complex task, which raises the cost of design, manufacture, and maintenance. A single robot is fragile, particularly when a little broken portion of the robot affects the entire system, making it difficult to forecast what will happen. Through intergroup collaboration, swarm robots may accomplish the same goal. It also benefits from the low cost of development and maintenance, as well as the reusability of simple agents. Swarm robotics is particularly well-suited for large-scale activities and also benefits from high parallelism. By contrasting the pertinent natural species of different research domains, a single robot is inspired by human behaviors, whereas swarm robotics is inspired by social animals. Because of the constraints of current technology, it is challenging to replicate human interactions using robots or computers, even though the procedures in animal groups are easier to implement. As a result, swarm robots has a promising future in solving intricate and significant issues.[8] Swarm robots emphasize the contributions of many individual robots, which sets them apart from other robotics study fields like general distributed robotic systems. To provide efficient coordination, these robots use wireless technologies including radio and infrared for local communication. Swarm robots can accomplish complicated tasks that would be impossible for individual robots to complete by utilizing distributed and decentralized coordination among groups of simple, homogeneous robots.[9]
Key Words: Swarm Robotics, Decentralized Systems, Multi-Agent Coordination, Aerial Drones, Biohybrid Microswimmers, Artificial Intelligence, Disaster Management, Autonomous Robots.
1.INTRODUCTION
Fig 1: Swarm Robots Swarm robots is a new kind of robot which is inspired by social insects organizations like ants, bees, termites and formation of birds in a flight. These are robots of different types designed to work together more efficiently. This artificial intelligence study aims to develop new organizational methods for a number of simple-structured robots. Robot technology, particularly Unmanned Aerial
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