International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 06 | Jun 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF MULTILAYERED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE ELEMENTS Manjunath N K1, N. Jayaramappa2, Abbu Hashim Ali3 1 Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Visvesvaraya College of Engineering (UVCE),
Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
2 Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Visvesvaraya College of Engineering (UVCE), Bengaluru,
Karnataka, India.
3 PG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Visvesvaraya College of Engineering (UVCE),
Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Recent advancements in sustainable construction
intriguing and challenging developments in green construction over recent decades is the advent of geopolymer concrete, which initially transitioned from laboratory research to practical application. In today's construction era driven by economic demands and the need for superior performance, the adoption of layered geopolymer techniques has evolved. Consequently, instead of using a uniform geopolymer mix for an entire structural element, employing a layered approach offers strategic advantages by optimizing material use, enhancing structural performance, and reducing both costs and environmental impact. Dattatreya et al.,[1] analyzed the flexural behavior of reinforced geopolymer concrete beams under two-point loading. The study found that beams achieved ultimate moments up to 28.6 kNm, with failure governed by yielding of tensile reinforcement followed by crushing of the compressive zone, showing comparable ductility to OPCbased beams. Aleem and Arumairaj.,[2] presented a review detailing the fundamental properties, chemical mechanisms, and environmental advantages of geopolymer concrete. The study summarized the influence of precursor types, curing temperatures, and alkaline activator combinations, concluding that fly ash-based geopolymers could reduce CO₂ emissions by up to 80% compared to Portland cement. Kumar et al.,[3] investigated fly ash-based geopolymer concrete by varying NaOH molarity (6 M to 14 M) and found optimum compressive strength at 12 M. Cylindrical specimens tested after oven curing at 100°C for 24 hours showed maximum strength of 33.6 MPa, with strength increasing as curing temperature and activator concentration increased. Using load-deflection testing, Abraham et al.,[4] evaluated geopolymer concrete beams reinforced with steel bars under flexural loading. The study demonstrated that beams with fly ash and GGBS blends exhibited enhanced strength and ductility, reaching ultimate loads up to 70 kN with narrower cracks and reduced deflections compared to control specimens. Sanni and Khadiranaikar [5] investigated the effect of NaOH molarity (8 M to 16 M) and alkaline liquid to binder ratio on compressive strength across different grades of geopolymer concrete. At 12 M and a 0.35 ratio, compressive strength peaked at 65.4 MPa, confirming the sensitivity of geopolymer
have spurred considerable interest in geopolymer concrete as an eco‐friendly and robust alternative to traditional cement‐based materials. In this study, the performance of geopolymer concrete is examined by using three distinct strength grades—low, normal, and high—that maintain properties similar to conventional grades while being optimized for environmental performance. To further optimize performance, structural elements are divided into zones corresponding to the distribution of mechanical stresses. Specifically, tensile stresses at the bottom of a structural element are mitigated by employing appropriate reinforcement along with moderate‐strength concrete, whereas compressive forces at the top are effectively managed by high‐strength concrete. The research involves three concrete grades: low strength conventional concrete (LSC) designated as M10, normal strength geopolymer concrete (NSGC) designated as 6 M, and high strength geopolymer concrete (HSGC) designated as 14 M. Both the compressive and flexural strengths of NSGC, LSC, and HSGC have been investigated individually and in various composite configurations. These configurations include a scenario with one-third NSGC positioned at the bottom and two-thirds HSGC placed at the top, the reverse layout, as well as a layered arrangement consisting of one-third HSGC from the top, onethird NSGC from the bottom of the soffit, and the remaining one-third LSC at the center. The experimental outcomes support a phased casting approach, demonstrating that integrating multiple geopolymer grades within a single structural element significantly enhances material efficiency and overall performance while offering a promising path toward more sustainable construction solutions.
Key Words: Geopolymer concrete, Sustainable materials, Layered concrete
1.INTRODUCTION The shift toward environmentally responsible and performance-driven construction has brought geopolymer concrete to the forefront as a viable and innovative alternative to traditional cement-based systems. One of the
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