International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 13 Issue: 02 | Feb 2026
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
STUDY OF VARIOUS MATERIALS USED IN CONSTRUCTION OF ECOFRIENDLY BRICKS: A REVIEW PAPER Jwala Sakharwade1, Sahil Sonone2, Anuja Lonare3, Himanshu Parate4, Hivamkumar Kunjam5 , Laxmikant Tibude6 1,2,3,4,5 Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Kavikulguru Institute of Technology and Science, Ramtek, Maharashtra,
India
6Asst. Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Kavikulguru Institute of Technology and Science, Ramtek, Maharashtra,
India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract – The construction sector is one of the major 2. LITERATURE REVIEW contributors to resource depletion and environmental pollution due to the extensive use of conventional building materials. Burnt clay bricks require large quantities of natural soil and high energy for firing which leads to land degradation and increased carbon emissions. Fly ash an industrial waste generated from coal-based thermal power plants presents a serious disposal problem but offers significant potential for reuse in construction materials. This review paper examines previous research related to the development of eco-friendly bricks using fly ash as a primary ingredient. The reviewed studies are analyzed based on materials used production techniques. The findings from the literature indicate that fly ash bricks provide adequate strength, reduced water absorption, lower weight and improved sustainability when compared to conventional clay bricks. Based on the literature view it was understood that stone dust and sand possess similar properties. Therefore, stone dust is being utilized as a substitute for sand in our project.
Amar Singh, Kriti Mishra, Mayank Kashyap Himanshu Tiwari, Anjali Tiwari (2025) This review paper analyzes various studies related to the development of environmentally friendly bricks produced by incorporating fly ash and agricultural waste materials. It discusses different waste resources utilized methods of brick production and the evaluation of their physical and mechanical characteristics. Research shows that the partial replacement of traditional materials with industrial and agro-based by-products reduces environmental impact and supports resource conservation. Several investigations highlight that these sustainable bricks provide sufficient compressive strength, reduced density and better thermal insulation when compared to conventional clay bricks. However, challenges such as long-term durability, standardization of quality and large-scale commercialization still need attention. In conclusion eco-friendly bricks offer a promising and sustainable alternative for modern construction practices.
Key Words: Fly ash bricks, Sustainable construction materials, Eco-friendly bricks, Industrial waste utilization, Mechanical properties, green construction.
1. INTRODUCTION
Bogdan Bogdanov, Irena Markovska, Yancho Hristov, Dimitar Georgiev (2012)
The construction industry consumes a large number of natural resources and simultaneously generates industrial waste leading to serious environmental concerns. Fly ash produced from coal-based thermal power plants is one such waste material that requires safe and effective disposal. One sustainable solution is the utilization of fly ash in brick manufacturing. This review paper presents a critical analysis of previous research on the development of eco-friendly bricks using fly ash. The study focuses on material characteristics, strength behavior, durability performance and environmental advantages. In addition, laboratory test results of cement, fly ash, and stone dust are discussed to evaluate their suitability for fly ash brick production. Based on the reviewed literature and experimental data fly ash bricks are identified as sustainable alternatives to conventional burnt clay bricks with reduced environmental impact and satisfactory performance.
This review paper evaluates earlier studies on the production of sustainable bricks prepared using fly ash and different agricultural waste materials. It examines various mix proportions, manufacturing processes and the mechanical and physical properties observed by researchers. Incorporating industrial and agro-residues in brick production contributes to waste management and reduces dependency on natural raw materials. Findings from several studies show that these eco-friendly bricks demonstrate adequate compressive strength, lower unit weight and improved thermal insulation compared to traditional clay bricks. However, challenges related to uniformity of raw materials and long-term performance still need detailed research. Overall, the review highlights that bricks made from waste materials provide a practical and environmentally friendly solution for sustainable construction.
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