International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 03 | Mar 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Study of Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate With Laterite Sooraj PM1, Muhammad Shanoof C2, Anjali Vijayan E3, Minushegh P4, Jithma T5 1234Graduate Student, 5Assistant Professor Department of Civil Engineering, AWH Engineering College Calicut,
Kerala, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------environmentally responsible alternative to river sand. Its Abstract – Cement, sand and coarse aggregate are the
application extends to road pavements and low-cost housing solutions, particularly in regions where conventional construction materials are scarce or expensive. Concrete where laterite replaces a portion of fine aggregate, has demonstrated mechanical properties comparable to or even superior to traditional concrete, depending on the proportion used. Studies indicate that optimal replacement levels, typically ranging from 20% to 30%, contribute to enhanced compressive strength, improved durability, and resistance to environmental degradation, including water absorption, chloride ion penetration, and sulfate attack. While moderate incorporation of laterite contributes to structural integrity, excessive replacement may lead to reduced compressive strength and increased permeability. As a sustainable construction material, laterite presents a viable solution for reducing reliance on depleting natural resources while maintaining structural efficiency. Its integration into concrete and other building materials not only mitigates the environmental impact associated with excessive sand extraction but also aligns with global efforts toward sustainable development.
basic ingredients for any construction. Sand is a prime material used for preparation of mortar and concrete and which plays a major role in mix design. Nowadays erosion of rivers and considering environmental issues there is a scarcity of river sand. The less availability or shortage of river sand will affect the construction industry. Hence there is a need to find the new alternatives to river sand. There is a need for different materials to replace fine aggregate and one of the major materials is locally available soil. Laterite soil is one of the easily available local soils and using different proportion of available soil along with river sand the required concrete mix can be obtained. Key Words: Concrete, Laterite, Compressive strength, Split tensile strength, Flexural tensile strength
1.INTRODUCTION The most widely used construction material in the world is concrete. The demand for these materials constituents has increased significantly as a result of their use in various structures. Continued exploitation of our river sand for its purposes has led to a degradation of the environment and undisturbed depletion of nature reserves. But because of the environmental damage they are causing, for instance by soil erosion or surface water contamination, several sand mining sites have been closed which has resulted in product shortages. In addition, it travels from relatively far locations at high costs because of its scarcity. There have been several attempts to replace river sand with other materials to produce concrete, one of the materials used in this research is lateritic soil.
Fig 1: Laterite
2. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
Laterite is a highly weathered soil rich in iron and aluminum oxides, predominantly found in tropical and subtropical regions. Laterite's composition varies depending on geological conditions and weathering. It exhibits diverse geotechnical properties, such as liquid limit, plasticity, and density, influencing its engineering behavior. Chemically, laterite is rich in silica, alumina, and iron oxide, with trace elements affecting reactivity and stability. Its mineralogical composition, primarily kaolinite, quartz, goethite, and hematite, determines its mechanical properties. Laterite also shows thermal stability, making it suitable for various engineering applications. In modern construction, laterite is increasingly incorporated into concrete mix designs as a partial replacement for fine aggregates, offering an
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2.1 Materials A. Cement Cement acts as the binder material, a substance used in construction that adheres sets and hardens the material for proper binding. It achieves strength through a chemical reaction with water. It was noticed that Portland pozzolana cement of 53 grade has a specific gravity of 2.91. B. Fine aggregate Fine aggregate, or natural sand, is an accumulation of mineral grains derived from the disintegration of rocks. It
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