International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 05 | May 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Seismic Performance of Buildings on Sloping Terrain: A Review of Structural Behavior and Design Consideration Aman Shah1, Aakash Suthar2 Aman Shah 1, M.Tech Student, Department of Structural Engineering, L.J. University, Ahmedabad, India, Aakash Suthar 2, Assistance Professor, Structural engineering department, L.J University, Ahmedabad, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------fundamental time periods, affecting overall structural ABSTRACT- A comprehensive literature review has stability. been conducted to examine the seismic behavior of structures situated on sloping ground. The review Extensive research has been conducted to analyze the encompasses various building configurations, impact of different building configurations, including stepanalytical methodologies, and soil-structure back, step-back setback, and setback structures, on seismic interactions. The studies analyzed include reinforced performance. Studies indicate that step-back setback concrete and steel structures of varying heights, buildings generally exhibit superior resistance to seismic forces compared to conventional step-back structures. incorporating different bracing systems and slope Additionally, the presence of shear walls and bracing angles. The findings indicate that step-back setback systems has been found to enhance lateral stability, configurations generally exhibit superior seismic reducing displacement and torsional effects. resistance compared to step-back buildings. Additionally, the incorporation of shear walls Another crucial factor influencing seismic response is soilsignificantly enhances structural performance. The structure interaction (SSI), which alters load distribution research underscores the critical importance of and energy dissipation during an earthquake. Variations in considering soil-structure interaction (SSI) and soil properties can amplify seismic forces, making it topographic effects in seismic analysis, as these factors essential to account for topographic effects and foundation stability in structural design. Shorter columns on steeper can substantially alter building responses. Factors slopes are particularly vulnerable, highlighting the need such as slope angle, building height, and soil for optimized engineering solutions tailored to sloping conditions have been identified as significant terrains. influencers of seismic parameters, including base shear, displacement, and fundamental time period etc. This study aims to evaluate the influence of slope angles, The review also highlights the vulnerability of shorter soil conditions, and structural configurations on the columns on steeper slopes and evaluates the seismic response of buildings. By integrating advanced effectiveness of various bracing systems in improving analytical techniques such as response spectrum analysis, time history methods, and pushover analysis, this research seismic performance. These insights contribute to the seeks to enhance the understanding of seismic advancement of more resilient and economically performance and contribute to the development of safer, viable structural designs for buildings situated on more resilient structures in hilly and mountainous sloping terrain in seismically active regions. regions.
Keywords: – Sloping ground, Seismic analysis, Soil Structure Interaction (SSI), Topographic effects, Response spectrum analysis, Time History method, Pushover analysis, Equivalent static method, Slope angle variations.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW I.
1. INTRODUCTION The seismic behavior of structures built on sloping terrain is a critical concern in earthquake-prone regions. Unlike buildings on flat ground, structures on inclined surfaces experience complex dynamic interactions due to variations in slope angle, soil composition, and structural configurations. These factors significantly influence seismic parameters such as base shear, displacement, and
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Birajdar, B. G., and S. S. Nalawade. “Seismic analysis of buildings resting on sloping ground.” 13th world conference on earthquake engineering. No. 1472. 2004.
This research paper investigates the seismic performance of three distinct building configurations—Step-back, Stepback Setback, and Setback—constructed on both sloping and plain ground. A response spectrum analysis, conducted in accordance with IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002 guidelines, evaluates key seismic parameters including base shear, fundamental time period, and top-storey displacement. The
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