International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 13 Issue: 01 | Jan 2026
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
“SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF G+10 STOREYS BUILDING USING STRUCTURAL
LIGHTWEIGHT AND NORMAL WEIGHT: A REVIEW” Er. Shubham Rathod a, Prof. Satish Sahebrao Manal b a ,MTech Structural student, CSMSS, Chh. Shahu College of Engineering, Chh. Sambhajinagar. - 431011. b ,Assistant Professor, CSMSS, Chh. Shahu College of Engineering, Chh. Sambhajinagar. - 431011.
------------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------ABSRACT: Concrete is the most important material used in many construction applications. The multi-storey buildings are constructed of ordinary concrete, steel and other materials and are subjected to heavy loads requiring heavy construction and may not be cost effective. But the structural lightweight concrete produced using lightweight aggregates may reduce the dead load of the structure, so now a day it is used in construction of multi-storey buildings. Concrete is considered as light weight concrete which has density of less than 2000 kg/𝑚3. In this research, a G+10 multi-storey plan irregular building is analysed with structural lightweight concrete using perlite as a fine aggregate and normal weight concrete using the Response Spectrum Method under different seismic zones and Time History Method for Bhuj earthquake. The parameters like storey displacement, storey drift, storey shear and overturning moments are considered and the results of NWC and SLWC buildings are compared. From the results obtained it is observed that seismic damages are considerably reduced in structural lightweight concrete buildings as compared to normal weight concrete buildings. Keywords: Structural lightweight concrete, Perlite aggregate, Seismic analysis, Response spectrum method, Time history analysis, ETABS
INTRODUCTION Concrete plays an important role in modern construction due to its strength, durability, fire resistance, and low cost. However, one of the major drawbacks of conventional concrete is its high self-weight. During earthquakes, higher mass leads to larger inertial forces, which increases damage to structures. Structural lightweight concrete helps in reducing the dead weight of structures, thereby lowering seismic forces. Lightweight concrete can be produced by using lightweight aggregates, introducing air voids, or removing fine aggregates. Among these methods, the use of lightweight aggregates is the most suitable for structural applications. Natural perlite is a volcanic material that expands when heated and becomes very light in weight. Due to this property, it can be used as a lightweight aggregate in concrete. This paper presents a review of studies related to lightweight concrete and the use of perlite aggregate, especially for improving seismic performance of buildings.
Structural Lightweight Concrete Structural lightweight concrete generally has a density between 1440 and 1850 kg/m³ and sufficient strength for load-bearing applications. The main advantage of SLWC is the reduction in dead load, which results in lower seismic forces, smaller member sizes, and reduced foundation cost. Although SLWC has lower modulus of elasticity compared to normal weight concrete, it can still perform well under seismic loading if properly designed. The reduced stiffness may increase displacement, but overall seismic demand is lowered due to reduced mass.
Perlite as a Lightweight Aggregate Perlite is a naturally occurring volcanic glass that contains moisture. When heated, the moisture inside turns into steam and causes the material to expand, forming a porous structure with very low density. Expanded perlite is widely used in construction due to its fire resistance and insulating properties. When used in concrete, perlite reduces density and improves thermal performance. However, higher porosity can lead to a reduction in compressive strength. Many studies show that partial replacement of conventional aggregates with perlite, along with the use of mineral admixtures, can produce concrete suitable for structural use. Several researchers have studied the mechanical behaviour of lightweight concrete.
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