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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 05 | May 2025

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

REVIEW ON PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE OF RAILWAY SYSTEM Shradha P Patil1, Avinash S. 2, Bapu S. 3, Sohail M. 4, Digvijay K. 5 1Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, KBPCOES Maharashtra, India 2,3,4,5 B.Tech Student of Civil Engineering, KBPCOES Maharashtra, India

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Abstract - Railways have come a long way and have played

consists of 23 platforms. The fastest train in India is the Vande Bharat Express, with the top speed around 180 km/hr. The longest train route in India is the DibrugarhKanyakumari Vivek Express, covering approximately 4,200km and taking up to 80 hrs. to complete the journey. India's first railway station, built in 1853 and known as [Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminals], is called as [CSMT]. Hyperloop (multiple countries) A near-vacuum tube transportation system where pods travel at over 1,000 km/h. Companies: Virgin Hyperloop, Hardt Hyperloop Elon Musk's Boring Company (concept stage) Where test tracks in the US, Europe, UAE, and India (Pune-Mumbai route proposed) commercial use is still 5-10 years away.

a big role in shaping the world we live in today. They started back in the early 1800s and completely changed and how people and products are transport from one place to another. Trains made travel faster & trade easier and helped cities and towns grow. Today, railways are still super important. We now have electric and high-speed trains that are faster, cleaner, and better for the planet. New technology like maglev trains, smart traffic systems, and even self-driving trains is making rail travel even more advanced. Looking into the future, we might see things like hyperloop systems and AI-run railways that connect better with other types of transport. From old steam engines to high-tech trains, railways have always kept us moving forward and they’re not slowing down anytime soon.

1.1 History

Key Words: Passenger Transport, Steam locomotives, High speed rails, Capacity issues, Sustainable Transportation, Freight Transport

The development of railway tracks dates back several centuries, evolving from simple wooden rails to the advanced steel tracks used today.

1.INTRODUCTION

a-Early Wooden Rails (16th-18th Century): The early 1500s, wooden rails were used in mines in Germany and England to help transport heavy loads using horse-drawn carts.

A railway track, or railway track, is known as a permanent way, it is denoted by P way. Since the 1870s, rails are mostly made from steel. This Railway track is a pathway made of two equivalent steel rails, fixed on sleepers and supported by ballast, allowing the train to move smoothly and safely. It reduces friction compared to the road and ensures efficient transportation. Regular maintenance keeps them safe and functional. Rail transport is a circular mode of transport using wheeled vehicles on track, essential for moving people & goods efficiently. The first steam-powered railway was introduced in England in 1832.

b-Iron Tracks (18th Century): By the 1770s, iron rails replaced wooden rails for greater durability. The first cast Rails for greater durability the first iron rails are used in coalbrookdale, England. c-Steam Railways & Standardization (19th-20th Century): IN 1825, George Stephenson's Stockton & Darlington Railway became the first public steam railway d-High-speed Rail & Smart rail (20th-21th century): The 21th century rail is characterizes by technological Advancement, focusing on safety.

Lord Dalhousie came to India in 1848 to serve as governor general of India, George Stephen-Son is also called as the father of railways. He was an English civil engineer and mechanical engineer. Dalhousie was the father of Indian Railways, who introduced the new system of internal circulation in India in 1853. The history of Indian railways goes way back. Over 160 years ago, on 16th April 1853, the passenger train ran between Bori Bander [Bombay] and Thane, a distance of 34km.

1.2 Necessity and Advantages of Railways 1)Railways are a necessity for efficient and sustainable transportation, facilitating both passenger and freight movement, promoting economic growth, and contributing to national integration and cultural exchange. Rail transport is one of the two primary means of land transport next to road transport.

USA has the widest rail network railways are the world's The 4th largest railway system operates approximately 13,198 trains daily across 7,325 stations. According to the number of platforms and overall size, Howrah Junction in Kolkata, West Bengal, is the largest station in India; it

Impact Factor value: 8.315

2)It is used for about 8% of passenger and freight transport globally, thanks to Generally, railroads are so essential for encouraging its energy efficiency and potentially high speed

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