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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 05 | May 2025

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

Remote Sensing and GIS-Based Analysis for Identifying Groundwater Potential in Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar Tehsil Dr. Shubhada koranne1, D.A.Nagkirti2 1Assistant Professor & HOD of Civil Engineering Department GECA Chh.Sambhajinagar MH India

2MTech Student of Water Resources Engineering Department GECA Chh.Sambhajinagar MH India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------

Abstract - Groundwater is a crucial renewable natural

growing pollution. Falling water tables and unpredictable monsoon patterns further worsen the situation. This necessitates adopting scientific approaches for sustainable groundwater assessment and management.

resource that supports domestic, agricultural, and industrial needs, especially in semi-arid regions such as Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar tehsil in Maharashtra. Increasing population, growing water demand, and erratic rainfall patterns have intensified the need for identifying viable groundwater zones to ensure sustainable resource management. This study employs Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques to delineate groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) across the tehsil. The methodology involved generating multiple thematic layers—including geology, geomorphology, slope, soil type, drainage density, lineament density, and land use/land cover (LULC)—from satellite imagery and existing datasets. These layers were assigned weights using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), reflecting each factor’s influence on groundwater recharge. A weighted overlay analysis in GIS was then performed to integrate the layers and assess groundwater potential across the region. The final output classified the area into five categories: very good, good, moderate, poor, and very poor potential zones. The findings highlight that RS and GIS provide a reliable, cost-effective, and comprehensive approach for evaluating groundwater availability in data-scarce and waterstressed regions. This spatial analysis serves as a scientific foundation for groundwater planning, helping decisionmakers implement appropriate conservation strategies, recharge structures, and land use interventions. The study also opens up opportunities for replicating the approach in other semi-arid landscapes facing similar hydrological challenges.

1.3 Significance of Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar Tehsil Situated in Maharashtra, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar tehsil lies in a semi-arid zone with limited surface water and irregular rainfall. The area frequently experiences droughts and water shortages. Groundwater is the main source of water for both farming and domestic use, making its systematic assessment and conservation essential.

1.4 Scope of Remote Sensing and GIS Technologies like Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are effective in analyzing and mapping natural resources such as groundwater. These tools allow for the creation and combination of thematic layers— like geomorphology, soil, slope, and drainage—across vast regions. When integrated with models like the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), they can accurately identify groundwater potential zones to support better water resource planning.

1.5 Objectives

Key Words: Groundwater Potential Zones, Remote Sensing, GIS, Analytical Hierarchy Process, Weighted Overlay, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar, Thematic Layers

To process Landsat OLI and SRTM satellite data.

To derive a drainage network using SRTM DEM.

To generate thematic maps for slope, elevation, drainage density, LULC, NDVI, geomorphology, and soil.

To identify suitable groundwater potential areas through integrated analysis of all thematic layers.

1.INTRODUCTION 1.1 Importance of Groundwater in India Groundwater is a key water source for drinking, agriculture, and industry throughout India. It is particularly vital in rural areas, where it supports irrigation and underpins food security. Around 60% of agricultural irrigation and 85% of household water needs in India are fulfilled by groundwater.

1.6 Study Area 1.6.1 Geographical Setting Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar tehsil is located centrally in Maharashtra, between latitudes 19.87° N and longitude 75.34° E, covering an area of approximately 1,292.65 sq. km.

1.2 Challenges in Groundwater Management Despite its vital role, groundwater in India faces intense pressure due to excessive withdrawal, lack of regulation, and

Impact Factor value: 8.315

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