International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 05 | May 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
PILE RAFT FOUNDATION: A REVIEW PARMAR AUM D., MR. AAKASH SUTHAR 1 M.Tech Student, L.J. University, Ahmedabad
2 Assistance Professor, Structural Engineering Department, L.J. University, Ahmedabad, India.
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Abstract - Foundation is the integral part of structures
which is taking all the structural loads and uniformly distributing to the underlying soil. Pile raft foundation is commonly used for heavy loading structure. In this paper I have reviewed few research paper on raft pile foundation. Generally I have selected two kinds of paper. First one is paper based on practical model in which they have made porotype using different materials & second type of paper is in which software based research is done. In prototype they have used hollo cylindrical pipe considered as pile and steel plate as pile raft. From all the paper which I have gone through shows conclusion that increase is pile length will increase strength of Pile Raft foundation and decrease the settlement of foundation. Increase in distance between pile will decrease the settlement.
What effects come in foundation with increase in distance between piles?
Understand behavior of pile under different loading condition.
To use the results for designing of pile raft foundation.
2. Literature Review (1) Merin Jose, K. Divya Krishnan, P.T. Ravichandran, Behaviour of vertically loaded piled raft system on cohesionless soil The study focuses on the behavior of a piled raft foundation system under vertical loads on cohesionless soil. The experimental setup involved square rafts (200 mm × 200 mm) with varying pile lengths (180 mm, 200 mm, 250 mm) and pile numbers (4 and 9). Tests were conducted under loose and dense soil conditions using a hydraulic jack for load application and dial gauges for settlement measurement. The soil's density was calibrated for loose (1.53 g/cc) and dense (1.84 g/cc) states, with sand prepared as a well-graded medium. Total 14 test where conducted. The vertical load was given with a hydraulic jack of 700 kg/cm3.
Key Words: Pile raft, load transferring mechanism, Plaxis 3D, Settlement.
1. INTRODUCTION A pile raft foundation is an advanced type of deep foundation system that combines both piles and a raft (or mat) to support heavy structural loads. This hybrid system is used to optimize the load-bearing capacity and settlement performance of foundations, particularly in soils with low bearing capacity or variable ground conditions. The raft acts as a shallow foundation, distributing the building load over a large area, while the piles penetrate deeper, transferring a portion of the load to stronger soil or rock strata. The interaction between the raft and the piles enhances the overall stiffness and reduces differential settlement, making it especially suitable for high-rise buildings, bridges, and industrial structures. Pile raft foundations offer a cost-effective alternative to traditional pile-only systems by allowing for a reduction in the number and length of piles required. Their design requires careful consideration of soil-structure interaction, load-sharing behavior, and settlement control, often supported by advanced geotechnical analysis and numerical modeling.
Figure 1: Pile raft model of square raft of size 200 mm width 4 numbers of piles.
1.2 Objectives
Study distribution of load occurs in bunch of plie by analytic method and by lap testing method with reference to settlement.
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