International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 13 Issue: 01 | Jan 2026
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
PHYTOGENIC FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES USING PLECTRANTHUS VETTIVEROIDES: ASSESSMENT OF BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY C. GAYATHRI 1, A. KAMALESH 2, K. KAVIYA 3, A. KIRUTHIGA 4 1, Associate professor, Sri Vijay Vidyalaya College of Pharmacy, Nallampalli.
2,3,4, Students, B. Pharm, Sri Vijay Vidyalaya College of Pharmacy, Nallampalli.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT- Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) have attracted significant interest owing to their excellent biocompatibility,
biodegradability, and inherent antimicrobial properties. In this study, chitosan nanoparticles were biosynthesized using the ethanolic root extract of Plectra thus vettiveroides through the ionic gelation method. The formation and physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized nanoparticles were analysed using UV–Visible spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). UV–Visible spectral analysis displayed a distinct absorption peak at 234 nm, indicating successful nanoparticle synthesis. SEM images demonstrated predominantly spherical nanoparticles with minor aggregation. The antibacterial efficacy of the biosynthesized chitosan nanoparticles was assessed against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae using the agar well diffusion technique. Among the tested pathogens, Klebsiella pneumoniae showed the highest susceptibility to the nanoparticles. These findings highlight the potential of Plectranthus vettiveroides-mediated chitosan nanoparticles as effective antibacterial agents with prospective applications in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Keywords: Chitosan nanoparticles; Plectranthus vettiveroides; Ionic gelation; Antibacterial activity; SEM; UV– Visible spectroscopy.
1. INTRODUCTION Chitosan is a naturally derived polyatomic biopolymer obtained through the DE acetylation of chitin and is widely valued for its biodegradability, biocompatibility, low toxicity, and inherent antimicrobial properties. Owing to the presence of reactive amino functional groups, chitosan can be readily fabricated into nanoparticle form, which has attracted considerable attention in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields, particularly for antimicrobial applications and drug delivery systems. However, many conventional nanoparticle synthesis techniques rely on hazardous chemicals and energy-intensive processes, thereby restricting their suitability for biological use. In recent years, green synthesis approaches utilizing plant-derived materials have gained prominence as environmentally friendly and sustainable alternatives for nanoparticle production. Plectranthus vettiveroides, an aromatic medicinal plant belonging to the family Lamiaceae, is traditionally used for various therapeutic purposes and is known to possess a diverse range of bioactive phytochemicals with antimicrobial properties. The phytoconstituents present in its root extract can potentially function as natural cross-linking, reducing, and stabilizing agents during nanoparticle synthesis. The present study aims to establish a simple, safe, and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles using Plectranthus vettiveroides root extract via the ionic gelation technique. It is hypothesized that the phytochemicals in the root extract play a crucial role in promoting nanoparticle formation and enhancing Antibacterial efficacy. This work is significant as it introduces a green strategy for producing biologically active chitosan nanoparticles with promising applications in pharmaceutical and biomedical domains.
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