International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 12 | Dec 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
TIME HISTORY ANALYSIS OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS WITH OUTRIGGER AND BELT TRUSS SYSTEMS Ajeet Kumar Yadav1, Mr. Ushendra Kumar2 1Master of Technology, Civil Engineering, Lucknow Institute of Technology, Lucknow, India 2Head of Department, Department of Civil Engineering, Lucknow Institute of Technology, Lucknow, India
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Abstract - The seismic performance of high-rise buildings is
rise buildings an evolving domain in structural engineering, demanding a balance between safety, economy, and functionality.
a major consideration in structural engineering, particularly under strong ground motion. This study investigates the influence of outrigger and belt truss systems on the dynamic behavior of tall structures using time history analysis. Three analytical models of a reinforced concrete building with a total height of 48.25 m (G+15) were developed in ETABS. The first model represents a conventional frame without supplemental systems, the second incorporates a belt truss, and the third employs an outrigger truss. Seismic response evaluation was carried out using the El Centro earthquake ground motion record. Comparative assessment was performed with respect to lateral displacement, inter-story drift, and base shear. The results demonstrate that the integration of outrigger and belt truss systems significantly improves the lateral stiffness and overall seismic resistance of the structure, with the outrigger truss configuration exhibiting superior performance. The study emphasizes the practical applicability of these structural systems in enhancing the resilience and serviceability of high-rise buildings subjected to earthquake loading.
1.2 Importance of Seismic Performance Evaluation in Tall Structures Earthquake-induced forces are among the most critical factors influencing the design of high-rise buildings. Unlike static wind loads, seismic loads are dynamic, irregular, and highly unpredictable in nature, which makes their impact particularly severe on tall structures (Chopra, 2017). The height, slenderness, and mass distribution of high-rise buildings amplify their susceptibility to ground motion, often leading to resonance effects, structural instability, and even progressive collapse if not adequately addressed. Seismic performance evaluation is therefore indispensable for ensuring resilience and minimizing damage during strong ground motions. Analytical techniques such as time history analysis provide a realistic measure of the building’s response by directly incorporating ground motion records (Kalkan & Kunnath, 2006). This enables engineers to assess structural parameters such as displacement, drift, and base shear more accurately compared to traditional static methods. Given the increasing frequency of earthquakes in urban regions, enhancing the seismic resilience of tall buildings is not just a structural requirement but a necessity for safeguarding human lives and reducing economic losses.
Key Words: Time history analysis, high-rise buildings, outrigger system, belt truss, seismic performance, ETABS, El Centro earthquake.
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of High-Rise Building Design Challenges
1.3 Role of Outrigger and Belt Truss Systems in Structural Engineering
The rapid growth of urbanization and the scarcity of land have significantly increased the demand for vertical expansion through high-rise buildings. While these structures serve as efficient solutions for accommodating population and commercial activities, they also pose unique engineering challenges, particularly in resisting lateral loads generated by wind and seismic events. Unlike low-rise structures where gravity loads dominate the design process, tall buildings are largely governed by their lateral stiffness and stability requirements (Taranath, 2016). Excessive lateral displacements and inter-story drifts not only compromise structural safety but also affect the serviceability of non-structural components. Conventional structural systems such as rigid frames often fail to provide adequate resistance at greater heights, thereby necessitating the integration of advanced lateral load-resisting mechanisms. These complexities make the design of high-
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To overcome the limitations of conventional systems, structural engineers have developed innovative solutions such as outrigger and belt truss systems, which have proven to be highly effective in controlling lateral displacements in high-rise buildings. The outrigger system connects the building’s central core to the outer columns through stiff horizontal members, effectively transforming the entire building into a deep cantilever structure (Zhang & Taranath, 2010). This mechanism enhances the overall stiffness and reduces overturning moments by engaging exterior columns in resisting lateral loads. Similarly, belt trusses act as horizontal ties around the perimeter of the building, distributing lateral forces and improving load-sharing among columns (Choi & Joseph, 2011). When combined, these systems provide a synergistic effect, significantly improving both stability and structural efficiency. Studies
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