International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 08 | Aug 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Performance and Emission Characteristics of a CI Engine Fueled with Diesel Blends of Honge oil and Fish oil Rohan Shankar1, Shayan D’souza2, Sridhar D R3 1UG student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Mangalore Institute of Technology & Engineering, Moodbidri,
Karnataka, India
2 UG student, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Mangalore Institute of Technology & Engineering, Moodbidri,
Karnataka, India Assistant Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Mangalore Institute of Technology & Engineering, Moodbidri, Karnataka, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------emissions such as carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons Abstract - The escalating demand for energy and the 3
(HC), and particulate matter [5, 6].
environmental impact of fossil fuels necessitate the exploration of alternative, sustainable energy sources. This study investigates the performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder, four-stroke compression ignition (CI) engine using novel biofuel blends. Honge oil, a non-edible vegetable oil, was subjected to a two-step transesterification process to produce biodiesel. This Honge oil methyl ester (HOME) was then blended with diesel and fish oil in four different proportions: D80B10F10, D80B13F7, D80B15F5, and D80B17F3. The physical and chemical properties of these blends, including pH, calorific value, density, and flash point, were characterized. Engine performance was evaluated in terms of brake thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption, while emission characteristics were assessed by measuring CO, CO₂, HC, and NOx levels. The results indicate that the D80B15F5 blend exhibits the most promising performance, with a brake thermal efficiency comparable to that of conventional diesel, alongside a significant reduction in harmful emissions. This research demonstrates the potential of utilizing a dual-biofuel blend as a viable alternative fuel for diesel engines, contributing to reduced fossil fuel dependency and a cleaner environment.
Among the various potential sources for biodiesel production, non-edible oils are gaining increasing attention as they do not compete with the food supply chain [7]. Honge oil, derived from the seeds of the Honge tree (Pongamia pinnata), is a non-edible vegetable oil that is widely available in India and other parts of Asia [8]. Several studies have investigated the use of Honge oil methyl ester (HOME) as a diesel substitute, reporting comparable engine performance and reduced emissions [9, 10]. Similarly, fish oil, a byproduct of the fish processing industry, has been identified as a potential feedstock for biodiesel production [11]. Rich in omega-3 fatty acids, fish oil can be converted into biodiesel through transesterification, and its blends with diesel have shown promising results in terms of engine performance and emission reduction [12, 13]. While most research has focused on blending a single type of biofuel with diesel, the present study explores the novel concept of a dual-biofuel blend. By combining Honge oil and fish oil with diesel, this research aims to leverage the unique properties of each component to create a superior fuel blend [14, 15]. The primary objectives of this study are to:
Key Words: Biofuel, Honge Oil, Fish Oil, Diesel Engine, Performance Evaluation, Emission Characteristics, Transesterification
Reduce the overall consumption of and dependence on diesel.
1. INTRODUCTION
Evaluate the performance of a CI engine in terms of brake thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption using the novel blends.
Analyze the emission characteristics of the engine to assess the environmental impact of the new fuel combinations.
Identify an optimal blend ratio that offers a balance between engine performance and reduced emissions.
The rapid depletion of fossil fuel reserves and the growing concerns over environmental pollution have spurred intensive research into renewable and sustainable energy sources [1, 2]. Biofuels, derived from biomass such as vegetable oils and animal fats, have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional petroleum-based fuels, particularly for use in compression ignition (CI) engines [3, 4]. Biodiesels, defined as mono-alkyl esters of fatty acids, offer several advantages, including biodegradability, lower toxicity, and a significant reduction in harmful exhaust
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