International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 12 | Dec 2024
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Ovarian Carcinoma: An Overview of Current Status Sukhi Patil1, Sinchana N G2, Keerthana P3, Jeevitha N S4 1234 Bachelor of Engineering, Information Science and Engineering,Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology,
Davangere, affiliated to VTU Belagavi, Karnataka, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - One of the most common causes of illness and
can be divided into three main categories based on the ovarian tissues that cause it: sex cord-stromal cell tumor (which produces hormones) and germ cell tumor (which is made up of cells that develop into ova and its subtypes include dysgerminoma immature teratoma and yolk sac tumor), as well as epithelial ovarian tumor (which covers the ovary and its subtypes that include serous, mucinous, endometrioid, and clear cell). The epithelial cells are where ovarian cancer occurs most frequently (around 85%). Serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma is the precursor lesion in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma and is a relatively new discovery in the understanding of ovarian carcinoma development.
death among female cancers is ovarian carcinoma. It is the seventh most deadly cancer in women globally and is a leading cause of mortality from gynecological carcinoma. It is made up of a diverse range of neoplasms. Variations in the severity and patterns of ovarian cancer are specific to various regions of the world, and the disease's situation is always evolving. As a result, the current research on ovarian cancer has to be updated and reviewed. From PubMed and Google Scholar, reviews of ovarian cancer from 2000 to 2015 were retrieved, and a few chosen seminal studies that used historical data were also included. Consolidating a current worldwide perspective on epithelial ovarian carcinoma, the most common kind of ovarian cancer, is the main goal of this work. The epidemiology, types, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of epithelial ovarian cancer are all covered in this article.
Key
Words: diagnostic, prognosis, epidemiology, and ovarian cancer.
treatment,
1.INTRODUCTION The seventh most deadly cancer in the world for women (and the eighteenth most prevalent type of carcinoma overall), ovarian carcinoma is a diverse group of neoplasms that contribute significantly to gynecological carcinomarelated deaths in the western world. The ovarian surface epithelium or postovulatory inclusion cysts, which develop following follicular rupture and healing, had previously been proposed as the source of the majority of ovarian carcinomas. Numerous theories exist regarding the incidence of ovarian cancer in females. Every ovulation causes a wound, which leads to greater cell proliferation to heal the epithelial cells, according to the "incessant ovulation" theory. This could lead to a higher risk of malignant mutation and DNA damage. According to a different theory involving gonadotropin-based stimulation, higher gonadotropin levels during menopause are associated with an increased incidence rate of ovarian cancer. Ovulation is strongly linked to ovarian cancer, and the inflammation hypothesis suggests that inflammation may play a role in this process. However, progesterone stimulation has shown a protective effect and lowers the risk of ovarian carcinoma. The hormonal theory, on the other hand, suggests that excess androgen stimulates the ovarian surface epithelium, increasing the risk of ovarian carcinoma. About 75% of women who have the illness are found to have it in a more advanced stage. According to histology, ovarian carcinoma
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Fig-1: Relative frequencies of ovarian carcinoma subtypes. Although the exact origin of ovarian carcinoma is uncertain, epidemiologic studies have shown that the biggest risk factor is a positive family history of both breast and ovarian cancer. Patients with ovarian carcinoma have a poor prognosis due to a number of factors, including the cancer's localization within the peritoneal cavity, the lack of early symptoms, the difficulty of surgically eradicating the cancer completely, and patient resistance to chemotherapy, which results in a 45% five-year survival rate. The disease is treated with antibody therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, vaccination methods, adoptive cell therapy, and combinatorial immunotherapy. The genesis and progression of ovarian cancer, its kinds and subtypes, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment are all covered in a large number of review publications. As a result, current knowledge about ovarian cancer has to be reviewed and updated. Since epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is one of the most common gynecological carcinomas, the goal of this study is to provide the most recent worldwide perspective on this condition.
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