International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 01 | Jan 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Optimizing Heat Transfer in Hybrid Solar Desalination with NanoEnhanced Phase Change Materials" Santosh kumar Gupta1, Devesh kumar 1 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, Uttar
Pradesh -273010, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------This approach is common in solar energy modeling and Abstract - Pure water is essential for human life along with
forecasting. By examining how daily solar radiation relates to hourly values, researchers and engineers can develop models and algorithms to estimate solar radiation levels at finer time intervals. These models consider factors like cloud cover, atmospheric conditions and geographical location to provide more accurate and detailed solar radiation predictions [5][6].
agriculture, industry, and environmental sustainability, necessitating efficient purification methods. This study investigates an innovative solar distillation system incorporating a passive built-in solar water heater to enhance efficiency in regions with abundant solar energy. Solar stills augmented with phase-change materials and nanoparticles were evaluated through combined experimental and theoretical approaches.
In India's context, where solar energy potential is high, such analyses and modeling efforts are important for the effective deployment of solar power systems. Additionally, advancements in solar technology and improvements in forecasting techniques can further enhance and improve the utilization of energy from sun in the country [4]. One of the big issues of clean drinking water availability faces the world today, particularly in coastal areas [11]. The most vital element in our daily existence is water; without it, life is impossible. The growing population increases the requisite for drinking water. A solar desalination process is used to solve this issue and produce drinking water by converting salty water into fresh water by harnessing solar energy [10].
The integration of nano additives, particularly with paraffin wax, significantly improved system performance, yielding higher productivity, efficiency, and CO₂ reduction. The modified stills demonstrated energy efficiency improvements of 35.23%, 44.12%, and 46.81%, alongside productivity increases of 37.8%, 22.5%, and 33.5%. The results underscore the economic and environmental viability of enhanced solar desalination systems, offering a promising solution for sustainable water purification. Key Words Hybrid Solar stills; Exergy Approach; Yield; Phase change material; Nanoadditives
1.INTRODUCTION
Solar stills are indeed a simple yet effective method for distilling water using the heat of the sun. They are Specifically valuable in areas where access to clean and safe drinking water is limited or impractical [5][6]. Mainly two basic types of solar stills: the box type and the pit type, each with its own design and operational characteristics [7]. Solar stills are a reliable source of pure drinking water in villages and rural remote areas, the places where access to conventional water sources is limited [8][9]. However, it’s important to remember that solar stills' efficiency can be impacted by a number of variables, like weather conditions, the angle and orientation of the still, and the quality of cover material [10]. therefore, the output of pure water from a solar still may be relatively small, and it may not be suitable for large-scale water supply. Nevertheless, they are a valuable tool for providing clean water in specific situations and can be a life-saving technology in areas with water scarcity [10][11].
Energy is a fundamental and essential element in our daily lives. Solar energy is a particularly promising source since it's virtually inexhaustible. The available energy of abundant sunshine in India, particularly in rural and tropical regions, is a valuable natural resource for harnessing solar energy. As mentioned, the global solar radiation received in a particular location is affected by various factors, like cloud cover, amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, and other elements like dust particles, carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), and ozone (O3). The quantity of energy from sun which comes the Earth's outer surface can be influenced by these variables [1-2]. Most of this solar resource, it's essential to analyze long-term meteorological data on solar radiation [3]. Such data can help in understanding not only the interrelationships between different components of solar radiation but also the statistical characteristics of their distributions. This analysis can be critical for designing and optimizing solar energy systems and predicting energy generation patterns [4].
The conventional solar still unit is a system designed to purify impure or saline water by using energy of sun. It operates on the principle of harnessing the sun's heat to evaporate impure water, leaving behind
One approach mentioned is the calculation of total radiation hourly values by comparing them to daily solar radiation.
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