International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 10 | Oct 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
OPTIMIZATION OF PRECAST COMPONENTS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Mr. Shubham M. Mare1, Dr. Anita Nag 2 1 Student M tech (2nd year), Construction Engineering and Management, Department of Civil Engineering, G H
Raisoni University Amravati.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, G H Raisoni University Amravati.
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Abstract - In this study, the development and use of on-site
particularly at high elevations or in areas with heavy traffic, such as during high-rise construction. Prefabricated construction techniques are applicable to both new developments and the rehabilitation of existing buildings. Their adoption leads to faster project completion and fewer interruptions throughout the construction process. Fasttrack construction methods often rely on prefabricated components to accelerate structural assembly. For example, in traditional house construction, materials such as bricks, timber, cement, sand, steel, and aggregates are delivered to the site, and the entire structure is built there. In contrast, prefabricated construction involves casting only the foundation on-site, while elements such as columns, beams, staircases, lintels, chajjas, floors, and roofs are manufactured in a factory, transported to the site, and assembled using cranes.
and precast construction techniques vary significantly across different countries. Traditionally, cast-in-situ construction has been the primary method for building structures. However, prefabricated systems have emerged as an advancing technology that facilitates rapid construction and helps minimize project delays. This approach enhances product quality, as structural components are produced under controlled conditions in manufacturing plants where highperformance materials can be used. Moreover, prefabrication contributes to improved workplace safety by reducing on-site activities, especially those performed at height or near traffic zones, during high-rise construction. Prefabricated construction methods are applicable not only to new projects but also to the rehabilitation of existing buildings. Their use results in faster project completion and minimized interruptions throughout the construction process. Fast-track construction techniques often incorporate prefabricated components to expedite the erection of structures. For instance, in traditional house construction, raw materials such as bricks, timber, cement, sand, steel, and aggregates are transported to the site, and the building is assembled entirely on-site. In contrast, prefabricated construction involves casting only the foundation on-site, while structural elements such as columns, beams, staircases, lintels, chajjas, floors, and roofs are manufactured in a factory, transported to the location, and assembled using cranes.
1.1 Aim & Objective The aim of this project is to compare the cost and construction time of prefabricated buildings with conventional methods to evaluate the efficiency and economic benefits of prefabrication. 1) To study the conventional & prefabricated building construction. 2) To Analyze the time and cost required for various building components.
Key Words: Precast Construction, Prefabrication, Cost Optimization, Time Efficiency, Modular Components, Sustainable Building, etc.
3) To compare the conventional and prefabricated building construction with respect to time and cost. 4) To optimize blend of conventional and prefabrication techniques in construction. Above objectives will be achieved by taking a case study.
1. INTRODUCTION The development and use of on-site and precast construction techniques differ considerably across countries. Traditionally, cast-in-place construction has been the dominant method for building structures. In recent years, prefabricated systems have emerged as a modern technology that facilitates faster construction and helps minimize project delays. This method also enhances the overall quality of construction, as structural components are produced under controlled factory conditions where highperformance materials can be used during casting. Additionally, prefabrication improves safety on construction sites by reducing the amount of on-site work required,
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2. Literature Review Haron et al. (2005) [1] stated that conventional construction practices depend largely on on-site operations such as the installation of timber or plywood formwork, placement of steel reinforcement, and casting of concrete at the site. These methods commonly employ reinforced concrete frames using traditional wooden formwork. Their study revealed that such practices lead to increased project costs due to higher labour demands, excessive material consumption, and transportation requirements, along with
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