International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 13 Issue: 06 | Jun 2026
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Optimization of 3D-Printing PETG for Biomedical Part Application Using FDM Parameters 1Ramyashree T, 2Rajesh M 1Post Graduate Student Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology Bengaluru, India 2Assistant Professor, Dr. Ambedkar Institute of Technology Bengaluru, India
-------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------1. INTRODUCTION Abstract-Additive Manufacturing is a process where components are produced through the successive addition of material layer by layer, which is completely different from conventional manufacturing techniques that involve material removal. In recent times, additive manufacturing has gained preference over traditional manufacturing approaches due to its improved precision, reduced production time, cost-effectiveness, and ability to produce high-quality products. In Fused Deposition Modeling, the performance of three-dimensional (3D) printed components is highly influenced by the selected process parameters. Therefore, proper optimization of these parameters is necessary to improve the characteristics of the manufactured product. The Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) method is extensively utilized for fabricating components in different fields and shows significant potential in advancing orthopedic research by enabling the development of customized and easily accessible biomedical implants. The mechanical properties of implants fabricated through FDM mainly depend on the processing conditions, where layer thickness plays an important role. The influence of these parameters will be evaluated on tensile strength and flexural strength through experimental and statistical methods. The manufacturing parameters of three-dimensional (3D) printed composite bone plates will be optimized using an orthogonal experimental approach, and the effects of layer thickness, printing speed, filament feed rate, and biomedical material content on the tensile and flexural strength of the samples will be evaluated. Using Taguchi’s mixed model fractional factorial design (L27), the experimental trials will be arranged, and the specimens will be produced through an FDM 3D printer, followed by the evaluation of tensile and flexural strength. Subsequently, the optimal combination of parameters will be determined using Signal-to-Noise (S/N) ratio analysis, while Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) will be conducted to identify the significant parameters and their effects on tensile and flexural strength.
Contrary to subtractive manufacturing, additive manufacturing, often known as 3D printing, is a method of fabricating items by connecting data from 3D models, and it is typically carried out layer by layer. The design and manufacturing processes can be improved in terms of speed and flexibility due to this technology. Additionally, conventional manufacturing techniques require significant time and cost to produce complex geometries; So, 3D printing machines are used in many different industries to make custom parts when designing something. However, the quick advancement of this technology has made it possible to create finished parts. The 3D printing process helps use less material, reduces work that requires a lot of effort, and lowers the total cost of making things. Some other manufacturing industries, including those in the, medical aerospace, automotive, clothing food, electronic electric and, educational, prototype, civil engineering works architectural, chemical, building, and construction sectors, have most use fully because it make easy trail and error process and so many applications in 3D printing operation technology. Laser melting and FDM, which are types of Additive Manufacturing (AM), use different techniques like fused filament fabrication, stereolithography, direct jetting, photopolymer jetting, selective laser sintering, electron beam melting, and hybrid methods. Among the various 3D printing techniques, FDM is considered the most popular one because it is easy to use and doesn't cost as much as other methods. Orthopedic implants include trauma, spinal, joint, patient-specific prostheses, and bone tissue engineering scaffolds. PLA is widely used in biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability for scaffolds and implant structures. To improve implant performance, researchers explore composite materials such as HA, PEEK, and PETG, which enhance biocompatibility, bone integration, and reduce inflammation risks during degradation.
Keywords-3D PRINTING, Universal testing machine ASTMD638 Testing FDM and composite plastic material PEEK, Nylon, Corba fiber, PEKK, PLA, ABS, PETG
II. LITERATURE REVIEW Additive manufacturing, which is also called 3D printing, has become a significant part of the manufacturing
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