International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 12 | Dec 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Optimization and Microstructural Analysis of AZ31-Based Surface Composite Using Friction Stir Processing (FSP) Mohammad Faiz Khan1, Ajay Kumar Singh2 1M.Tech (ME) Scholar, Department of Mechanical Engineering, B.N. College of Engineering & Technology,
Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, B.N. College of Engineering & Technology, Lucknow,
Uttar Pradesh, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract- Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is a
Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) is produced. The metallic phase of the matrix and the non-metallic phase of the reinforcement disperse across the metallic phase [2]. The techniques employed were either melting the matrix material or hot pressing it into the fibre. In another case, the production of these uncommon composite depends on high temperatures. Reinforcement phases including oxides, nitrides, and carbides have high strength and evenly distributed modules in metallic materials.
sophisticated surface modification method that uses a stirrer's motion against the surface that has to be improved to increase the mechanical characteristics of materials. The effects of several FSP factors, such as tool angle, stirring speed, and reinforcement type, have been examined in this study. During FSP, heat generation is essential to plastic deformation and has a direct effect on the effectiveness and results of the process.
Crude MMC have been demonstrate make better physical and mechanical properties, ability of structure, reliability. Crude MMC make certain towards enhances the engineering performances compare to nonreinforcement matrix [3]. In form of matrix material, some common materials are used mainly like aluminium, magnesium, titanium, copper etc. Whereas reinforcement material like AL2O3 Aluminium oxide, Boron, Carbide [B4C] , Silicon Carbide [SIC] and Magnesium Oxide [MgO] are used[4]. Magnesium-based MMCs are widely employed in the automotive sector because of their admirable qualities, which include their light weight and ability to promote mechanical and thermal properties. When compared to other manufacturing materials, these qualities make them better for engineering applications. [5] For better execution, mmcs are a healthier substitute for large construction materials like steel or casting in the present day.[6] MMC can be elaborate by some technique which varies gradually according to type of reinforcement are used. [7] The selection of development techniques depends on the homogeneous scattering of the reinforcement into the matrix alloy and precision of the MMC.
Derived from Friction Stir Welding (FSW), FSP is a unique, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly method that is especially useful for creating surface composite. AZ31 was chosen as the matrix phase in this study, and MgO and B4C were used as reinforcements. The creation of surface composite, such as AZ31+B4C, AZ31+B4C+MgO, and AZ31+MgO, was thoroughly examined. The impact of tool type, tool angle, and rotational speed on the composite' characteristics was the main focus of the investigation. The main conclusions emphasise how the composite formed uniform, fine-grained microstructures. Grain size was shown to be inversely related to rotational speed, with finer grains produced at greater speeds. This study highlights the significance of parameter optimisation for reaching desired material properties and offers insightful information about the creation and improvement of AZ31based surface composite using FSP. Keywords: Friction Stir Welding (FSW), AZ31-based surface composite, MgO and B4C as reinforcements, Microstructural analysis etc.
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Friction Stir Processing (FSP)
Nowadays, the manufacturing industry is seeing a continuous increase in demand for new kinds of engineering materials. Such materials need to have extraordinary properties, such high strength to weight ratio and outstanding electrical and thermal conductivity. Combining these types of characteristics in a particular unique material promotes materials like composite and speeds up manufacture. [1] Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) rate well among all composite kinds for technological applications. When two distinct materials combine, a homogeneous phase known as
© 2025, IRJET
|
Impact Factor value: 8.315
Currently, MMCs are widely used in the transportation, maritime, automotive, structural, and aerospace sectors. They are extremely valuable and appropriate for a variety of applications due to their exceptional qualities, which include their high strength-to-weight ratio, high specific stiffness-to-weight ratio, and lightweight nature. Usually, MMCs are created by adding liquid or particle reinforcement to the base metal (matrix material).
|
ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
|
Page 961