International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 12 Issue: 11 | Nov 2025 www.irjet.net
e-ISSN: 2395-0056 p-ISSN: 2395-0072
OBSTACLE DETECTOR ROBOT USING ARDUINO Dr. Shivleela Mudda1, Chevale Sakshi1, Wadkar Sneha 3, Kaloji Kushavarta4 234Students, Electronic Engineering Department 1Associate Professor, EC Department
M .S. Bidve Engineering College Latur, Maharashtra, India -----------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract - The Arduino-powered Obstacle Detection Robot is a mobile, autonomous robot that can traverse its
surroundings without running into impediments. The central control unit of the system is an Arduino microcontroller, which is interfaced with sensors like infrared or ultrasonic modules to identify things in its path. A motor driver that drives the wheels in response to real-time sensor feedback controls the robot's movement. To ensure smooth navigation, the Arduino processes the data and tells the motors to halt, reverse, or change course when an obstruction is detected within a predetermined distance.This project shows how sensors, microcontrollers, and actuators may be combined to create a straightforward yet powerful robotic system with uses in intelligent robotic gadgets, automated cars, and instructional robotics. The design prioritizes affordability, ease of use, and scalability for future improvements.
1. INTRODUCTION Manual supervision of mobile robots can be dangerous, ineffective, and prone to human mistake in a variety of settings, including plant floors, warehouses, and hazardous places. An autonomous navigation system that uses real-time sensing to identify impediments and dynamically modify its course is desperately needed. Jeevan M. et al. (2021) presented the simplest system in a publication [1]. This paper proposes an Arduino Uno that may directly command the motor driver to alter the movement of the DC motors if the ultrasonic sensor's distance reading is less than a certain threshold. This demonstrates that basic stop-and-turn obstacle avoidance may be achieved with a straightforward threshold. Beyond the fundamental configuration, E. S. S. Aravinda et al. (2022) demonstrated a significant improvement in the robot's perception by merely adding a servo motor to sweep the ultrasonic sensor left and right.Because the Arduino receives distance readings from a considerably wider field of view, the robot can now choose whether to turn left or right instead of just "seeing" straight ahead [2]. The performance comparison between the HC-SR04 and the more sophisticated LIDAR sensor was covered in the study by Prasetyo et al. (2023). I also needed to make sure that, despite its modest cost, the HC-SR04 is the best option for my project. The main conclusion was this research demonstrated the ultimate goal: creating a robot that can employ basic sensor input and highly sophisticated AI to produce incredibly efficient, adaptive, and nearly human-like navigation algorithms, demonstrating the enormous potential for further advancement in this subject.
I. Problem Statement Autonomous robots frequently struggle to navigate properly in dynamic areas without running into obstacles. Robots cannot always be controlled manually, and collisions can harm the robot or its surroundings. The primary challenge is how to use straightforward and affordable technology to allow a small, mobile robot to identify obstructions in its path in realtime and autonomously take actions (stop, turn, or change course) to prevent collisions. The goal of this project is to create an Arduino-based obstacle detection robot that employs infrared or ultrasonic sensors to continuously analyze its environment and navigate by avoiding obstacles on its own. The solution will lay the groundwork for creating more intelligent, self-sufficient robotic systems that can be used in practical navigation and safety applications as well as instructional settings.
II. Proposed work Using Arduino as the central controller, the proposed effort entails designing, constructing, and programming an autonomous obstacle-detecting robot. The robot's sturdy, lightweight frame is outfitted with DC motors that are linked to a motor driver, giving it exact control over its forward, backward, and rotational motions. The robot is equipped with an ultrasonic sensor (like the HC-SR04) to continuously scan the way ahead and provide real-time distance measurements in order to detect obstructions. When an impediment is identified within a predetermined threshold distance, the robot will stop, turn, or change course according to the navigation logic implemented by the Arduino microcontroller, which processes these sensor inputs.
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