International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 03 | Mar 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Navigating India’s Renewable Energy Landscape: Challenges and Opportunities Dr. Ashtosh Kumar Singh*1, Mr. Hitendra Bankoti2, Mr. Ambedkar3 1,2Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amrapali University, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India,
ashuaits@gmail.com (corresponding author)
3Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Amrapali University, Haldwani,
Uttarakhand, India, ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - India, as a rapidly developing economy, faces
However, India’s renewable energy expansion also encounters notable challenges. Effective integration of renewables into an aging grid infrastructure, obtaining financing for large-scale projects, and overcoming regulatory inconsistencies are substantial barriers to growth (Ghosh & Shukla, 2022). Furthermore, issues related to land acquisition and environmental impact complicate the deployment of renewable energy projects, particularly in densely populated areas (Kumar & Roy, 2022).
growing energy demands fuelled by its expanding population, industrial growth, and urbanization. To satisfy this demand sustainably and address climate concerns, the nation has made renewable energy development a top priority. By 2023, India’s renewable energy capacity has surpassed 125 GW, primarily driven by advancements in solar and wind power. Supportive government policies, reduced technology costs, and international partnerships have propelled this growth. However, challenges such as grid integration, financing, and policy inconsistencies continue to pose hurdles. This paper examines India’s renewable energy landscape, focusing on solar, wind, biomass, and hydropower progress, and identifying key factors like governmental incentives, technology improvements, and climate obligations. Additionally, it explores future opportunities, including offshore wind, green hydrogen, and energy storage solutions, and assesses the obstacles that may affect scaling up renewable projects. In conclusion, the paper argues that while India is on a positive path to achieve its renewable energy targets, success will depend on strategic investments in innovative technologies. With consistent efforts, India is wellpositioned to emerge as a global leader in clean energy, bolstering both national energy security and international climate initiatives.
This paper examines the current landscape of renewable energy in India, with a focus on solar, wind, biomass, and hydropower. It analyses key growth drivers, including government policy support, cost reductions in technology, international collaborations, and climate commitments. Additionally, the study addresses the obstacles facing the sector and explores the potential of emerging technologies like offshore wind, green hydrogen, and energy storage. A resilient and sustainable energy future will require India to strategically invest in these technologies, positioning the country to achieve its renewable energy objectives and contribute significantly to global climate action.
2.CURRENT SITUATION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN INDIA 2.1 Solar Energy
Key Words: Solar Energy, Renewable Energy, Grid Integration, Green Hydrogen, Offshore Wind
Solar energy has become the leading contributor to India’s renewable energy capacity. By 2023, India’s installed solar capacity had reached over 64 GW, propelled by the National Solar Mission, which aims to achieve 100 GW of solar capacity by 2024 (MNRE, 2023). India boasts some of the world’s lowest solar tariffs, enabled by competitive bidding processes and declining technology costs (Bridge to India, 2023). Landmark projects, such as the Bhadla Solar Park in Rajasthan with an installed capacity exceeding 2.2 GW, exemplify India’s success in solar energy development (Garg & Singh, 2022).
1.INTRODUCTION India, one of the fastest-growing economies globally, faces rising energy demands driven by its expanding population, rapid industrialization, and urban growth. In response, the nation has prioritized transitioning to renewable energy sources to strengthen energy security, lessen reliance on fossil fuels, and address global climate challenges. With a renewable energy capacity surpassing 125 GW as of 2023, India has made significant progress, especially in solar and wind energy sectors. Key initiatives, such as the National Solar Mission and the International Solar Alliance (ISA), reflect India’s commitment to establishing itself as a leader in renewable energy (International Solar Alliance [ISA], 2021).
© 2025, IRJET
|
Impact Factor value: 8.315
2.2 Wind Energy Wind energy stands as India’s second-largest renewable energy source, with an installed capacity of 42 GW (MNRE, 2023). Key states such as Tamil Nadu and Gujarat have been
|
ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
|
Page 809