International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 05 | May 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Miniaturized Split Ring Resonator Design and Analysis with Textile Substrates: A Performance Comparison Approach M.Manikandan1, N.Subhashini2, S.Sanjitha Fathima3, S.Sri Sruthi4, M.Sasmitha Shree5 1 Assistant Professor, Dept. of ECE, SSMIET, Tamilnadu, India 2,3,4,5UG Student, Dept. of ECE, SSMIET, Tamilnadu, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract - This article presents the design and analysis of fabrics are much safer for prolonged skin contact, which is square split ring resonator(SRR)using fabric based substrates for biomedical sensing applications. This flexible materials polyester, polyethelene and polyamide were selected due to their stability for wearable technologies and safe interaction with human skin. simulations were carried out by focusing on the frequency range of 12 to 14 Ghz. The resonator showed a return loss of -42.39dB at 13.9Ghz for polyester,-49.52dB at 13.9 Ghz for polyethene and -53.06dB at 12.1Ghz for polyamide . Among three polyamide exhibited the best performance with the highest return loss and better impedence matching. The antenna design was analyzed with experimental results aligning closely with the simulation data. The compact design, with structural dimensions in the range of millimeters, makes it suitable for wearable and conformal RF applications. Notably, this SRR configuration shows promising potential for non-invasive health monitoring systems, where flexible, lightweight, and fabric-compatible sensors are essential.
a key consideration in real-world applications [6], [8]. Several studies have looked into textile-based antennas, particularly using materials like polyester, polyethylene, and polyamide—three fabrics that are both flexible and biocompatible, which makes them popular choices for wearable devices [2], [7].For instance investigated bodyworn textile antennas[3], using 100% polyester at 2.4 GHz, demonstrating the potential of textiles in wireless applications. Another study explored low-profile textile antennas for 5G- enabled e-textiles, highlighting the growing importance of textile-based designs in next-generation communication systems [2]. However, many previous studies have tested only one substrate material, often without a fair comparison across multiple textile options under consistent design and simulation settings This gap is notable, as the choice of substrate can significantly affect the performance of the antenna. Many existing works examine a single material without considering how others might perform in similar conditions [4].
Key Words: SRR, Flexible antenna, Return loss.
1.INTRODUCTION
That’s what this work aims to address. This project addresses that gap by designing and testing a square SRR on three flexible textile materials polyester, polyethylene, and polyamide all of which are safe for skin contact and common in wearable products. The study utilizes a dualring SRR configuration to improve resonance quality and sensitivity, building on previous research in the field of textile-based antennas [5], [6]. The dual ring configuration was selected to enhance the resonance quality and improve sensitivity . We simulated the designs at a frequency range of 13.5ghz and analyzed return loss and impedance matching. The polyamide-based design stood out, showing the highest return loss of -53.06dB at 12.1Ghz while polyester and polyethylene had lower performance of -42.39dB at 13.9Ghz and 49.52dB at 13.9 Ghz , respectively.
In recent years, wearable electronics have gained a lot of attention, especially in the healthcare field where there’s a growing demand for non-invasive and continuous monitoring systems. One of the promising technologies making this possible is the use of metamaterials, particularly Split Ring Resonators (SRRs). These structures are small, highly sensitive to changes in surrounding materials, and can be designed to work across specific frequency ranges making them great for things like biosensing and wireless communication in wearable devices[1],[3]. Most SRR designs that we see in the literature are based on rigid substrates like FR4 or Duroid. These materials are reliable in terms of performance but are not ideal for wearables since they’re hard, inflexible, and uncomfortable to wear on the body. To overcome this, researchers have been looking into more flexible materials like PDMS, Kapton, and different fabrics. These alternatives offer the flexibility needed to bend and stretch with the body’s movements while still maintaining good electrical performance, making them a better fit for wearable technology [5], [9]. Moreover, these
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Based on the overall performance, polyamide appears to be the most promising material out of the three offering both flexibility and strong signal characteristics. This work helps in understanding how fabric based substrates behave in real world sensor designs, and hopefully serves as a useful reference for future wearable biomedical systems,
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