International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 13 Issue: 05 | May 2026
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE AND LONG-TERM STABILITY OF FIBERMODIFIED CONCRETE UNDER CYCLIC ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE Ashish Yadav1, Mr. Ushendra Kumar2 1Master of Technology, Civil Engineering, Lucknow Institute of Technology, Lucknow, India
2Head of Department, Department of Civil Engineering, Lucknow Institute of Technology, Lucknow, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract -The durability of concrete structures is
behaves under cyclic environmental exposure and how it contributes to improved structural resilience.
significantly affected by cyclic environmental exposure such as wet–dry, freeze–thaw, and thermal variations, which accelerate deterioration and reduce service life. This study investigates the mechanical performance and long-term stability of fiber-modified concrete subjected to such cyclic conditions. Concrete mixes incorporating steel fibers, polypropylene fibers, and hybrid combinations were prepared alongside a control mix without fibers. Standard specimens were cast and tested for compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength at predefined exposure intervals. Durability performance was evaluated through strength retention, mass loss, and crack propagation behavior after repeated environmental cycles. The results indicate that fiber incorporation significantly enhances resistance to mechanical degradation and improves durability characteristics. Steel fiber-reinforced concrete exhibited superior load-carrying capacity and toughness, while polypropylene fibers contributed to improved crack control and reduced permeability. Hybrid fiber systems demonstrated the most balanced performance, showing enhanced strength retention and reduced damage under cyclic exposure. The improvement is primarily attributed to the fiber bridging effect, which delays crack initiation and propagation, thereby increasing energy absorption capacity. Overall, fiber-modified concrete proves to be a viable solution for improving the longevity and resilience of structures exposed to aggressive environmental conditions.
1.1 Background The durability of concrete structures is a critical factor in ensuring their safety, functionality, and longevity. Structures such as bridges, pavements, and marine installations are continuously subjected to harsh environmental conditions, which can lead to progressive deterioration over time.
1.1.1 Importance of Durability in Concrete Structures Durability refers to the ability of concrete to withstand environmental actions without significant degradation. In infrastructure systems like bridges and highways, durability ensures reduced maintenance costs and longer service life. Marine structures are particularly vulnerable due to exposure to saline water, which accelerates corrosion and chemical attack. Similarly, pavements experience repeated loading and environmental fluctuations, making durability a key performance parameter.
1.1.2 Limitations of Conventional Concrete under Environmental Cycles Conventional concrete, while strong in compression, has inherent weaknesses such as low tensile strength and brittleness. Under cyclic environmental conditions—such as freeze–thaw cycles, wet–dry exposure, and temperature variations—microcracks develop and propagate within the material. These microcracks facilitate the ingress of harmful agents like chlorides and sulfates, accelerating deterioration and reducing structural integrity over time.
Keywords: Fiber-reinforced concrete, cyclic environmental exposure, durability, mechanical performance, hybrid fibers, strength retention
1. INTRODUCTION Concrete is the most widely used construction material in civil engineering due to its versatility, strength, and costeffectiveness. However, its long-term performance is significantly influenced by environmental conditions, especially when structures are exposed to repeated or cyclic environmental actions. Modern infrastructure demands not only high initial strength but also sustained durability over extended service life. In this context, the incorporation of fibers into concrete has emerged as an effective technique to enhance both mechanical performance and durability. This study focuses on understanding how fiber-modified concrete
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1.1.3 Role of Fiber Reinforcement in Improving Performance The inclusion of fibers in concrete significantly enhances its mechanical and durability properties. Fibers act as crack arresters by bridging microcracks and preventing their propagation. This results in improved tensile strength, ductility, and energy absorption capacity. Fiber reinforcement also reduces permeability, thereby limiting the penetration of deleterious substances and improving resistance to environmental damage.
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