INFLUENCE OF SEED PELLETING ON GROWTH, SEED YIELD AND YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN RAJMASH (PHASEOLU

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 09 | Sep 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

INFLUENCE OF SEED PELLETING ON GROWTH, SEED YIELD AND YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN RAJMASH (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS. L)

Rajput H.J.1, Katore T.D.2 Shinde P.Y2 and Danane S.V.3 ,

1&2Botany Division, College of Agriculture, Pune, Maharashtra, India, 411 005

3Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Maharashtra, India, 413 722 ***

Abstract - The present investigation was carried to study the effect of seed pelleting on growth, seed yield and yield contributing characters in Rajmash (Phaseolus vulgaris. L). The study revealed that, all the seed pelleted treatments had significant effect on growth and seed yield contributing parameters. The seed pelleted with ZnSO4 @ 3 g/kg + Borax @ 3 g/kg + Captan (2.5 g/kg) + Imidacloprid (2.5 g/kg) recorded higher field emergence (%), plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, plant dry weight, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant, seed yield per plot, seed yield per hectare than the control.

The variety Phule Rajmah produced higher seed yield than the variety Varun. The variety Phule Rajmah reported significantly higher field emergence, plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, plant dry weight, dry pod weight per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant, seed yield per plot, seed yield per hectare while variety Varun observed lower days to maturity than variety Phule Rajmah.

Seed quality parameters like seed index, moisture content, germination (%), root length, shoot length, seedling dry matter, seed vigour index-I and II and lower electrical conductivity (dsm-1) were also maintained up to storage periods (240 days) with seed pelleting treatments such as ZnSO4 @ 3 g/kg + Borax @ 3 g/kg + Captan (2.5 g/kg) + Imidacloprid (2.5 g/kg) and ZnSO4 @ 3 g/kg followed by control.

From the above it is concluded that the seed pelleted with ZnSO4 @ 3 g/kg + Borax @ 3 g/kg + Captan (2.5 g/kg) + Imidacloprid (2.5 g/kg) performed best for both growth and yield parameters as well as for seed quality parameters.

Key Words: Seed yield, Rajmesh bean, seed pelleting, Deltamethrin, germination, test weight and electrical conductivity.

1. INTRODUCTION

French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important vegetable pulse crops. This belongs to family Fabaceae and called as Rajmash in Hindi.

Considering the nutritive value, 100 g of green pod contains 1.7 g protein, 0.1 g fat, 4.5 g carbohydrate, 1.8 g fiberandisalsorichinmineralsandvitamins.Itpossesses somemedicinal properties whichareuseful incontrolling diabeticsandcertaincardiacproblems.

Seedqualityenhancementistheimportantareafor improving the quality of the seed. Amongst the advance technology available for seed quality enhancement, seed pelleting is the important technology for seed quality enhancement. Seed pelleting involves increasing the weight and changing the shape and size of the seed by putting a layer of material like organic and inorganic nutrients, pesticides, water absorbents carrier for nodule bacteria and other protective material for specific purposes.

However, the information on effect of seed pelleting on the growth and yield of the Rajmesh is not available as very limited research has been done on this aspects. Due to this reason, the present investigation was carried out to know the influence of seed pelleting on growth and seed yield in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2. MATERIAL AND METHODS

The present investigation entitled, “Influence of seed pelleting on growth, seed yield in Rajmesh (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”wasconductedduring kharif, 2019 at Botany Farm, College of Agriculture, Pune, MPKV., Rahuri (Maharashtra state). The experiment material consist of two factors varieties viz., V1 (Varun) and V2 (Phule Rajmah). TheseedswereobtainedfromZonalAgriculture Research Station, Ganeshkhind, Pune and eight seed pelletedtreatmentsviz.,T1 :Control(Unpelleted),T2 :Seed pelletingwithclay+Gypsum(1:1),T3 :Seedpelletingwith clay + Neem leaf powder + Gypsum (1:1:1), T4 : Seed pelleting with biofertilizers (Rhizobium) @ 30 g/kg, T5 : SeedpelletingwithZnSO4 @3g/kg,T6 :Seedpelletingwith Borax@3g/kg,T7 :SeedpelletingwithCaptan(2.5g/kg)+ Imidacloprid(2.5g/kg),T8 :SeedpelletingwithZnSO4 @3 g/kg+Borax@3g/kg+Captan(2.5g/kg)+Imidacloprid (2.5 g/kg). The experiment was laid out in the Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with three replications. The gross plot size was 3.50 x 2 m2 and net plot size was 3.30x1.80m2.Singleseedwasdibbledperhillataspacing

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 09 | Sep 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

of 45 X10 cm during June, 2019. The field observations were recorded on yield and yieldcontributing parameters viz., fieldemergence,plantheight(cm),numberofprimary branchesperplant,numberofleavesperplant,daystaken to anthesis, days taken to 50% flowering, days taken to maturity. plant dry weight, dry pod weight per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant, seed yield per plot and seed yield per ha. The mean of five randomly selected plants from each experimental plot in each replication were used for statistical analysis. The mean values of different field characters were analyzed by the usual procedure of Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) method as describedby(PanseandSukhatme,1985).

3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Effect of variety: Thepresentinvestigationwascarried out on yield and yield contributing highly significant differences were observed among all the characters in French bean. It revealed that there were highly significant differencesamong for all the characters under study. The variety Phule Rajmah recorded highest field emergence (78.83%)thanvarietyVarun(78.48%).

The variety Phule Rajmah recorded significant superiority in seed yield per hectare (16.80 q/ha), seed yield per plot (1.76 kg) and seed yield per plant (27.07 g) overthevarietyVarun. ThevarietyPhuleRajmahwasalso significantly superior over the Phule Varun in yield contributing characters like plant height (46.23 cm), number of primary branches per plant (4.82), number of leavesperplant(36.13),numberofpodsperplant(15.04), numberofseedsperpod(5.20), podlength(8.08cm)and dry pod weight per plant (35.20 g). However, the variety Varun required significant fewer days to anthesis (29.77), days to 50 per cent flowering (32.80) and lowest days to maturity(71.86)overthevarietyPhuleRajmesh.

Effect of seed pelleting treatments: Amongstall theseedpelletingtreatments,theseedpelletedwithZnSO4 @ 3g/kg + Borax @ 3 g/kg + Captan (2.5 g/kg) + Imidacloprid (2.5 g/kg) recorded highest field emergence (84.80 %), plant height (47.12 cm), number of primary branches per plant (5.47), number of leaves per plant (36.87), plant dry weight at harvest (14.55 g), pod length (8.81 cm), dry pod weight (38.14 g), number of pods per plant (14.75), number of seeds per pod (5.80), seed yield

perplant(29.35g), seedyieldperplot(2.04kg)andseed yield per quintal (16.89 q/ha) than other seed pelleting treatments.However,significantlythelessnumberofdays required for days to anthesis (30.60), days 50 per cent flowering(33.65)anddaystomaturity(76.35)forcontrol ascomparetootherseedpelletingtreatments.

The increase in seed yield and superior yield contributing characters due to seed pelleting may be the result of increase in sugar synthesis and its efficient translocationforseedformationanddevelopmentafterthe pelleting of seed with Borax, ZnSO4, Captan and Imidacloprid (Berger, 1949, Shkolnik and Abdurashitov, 1958).

Effect of Interaction: It was observed that the varietyPhuleRajmahseedpelletedwithZnSO4 @3g/kg+ Borax @ 3 g/kg + Captan (2.5 g/kg) + Imidacloprid (2.5 g/kg) recorded the numerically highest field emergence (84.45%), number of primary branches per plant (5.57), number of leaves per plant (36.90), plant dry weight at harvest (14.82 g), pod length (8.81cm), dry pod weight (41.91g),numberofpods perplant(15.77), ofseedsper pod (5.87), seed yield per plant (32.26 g), seed yield per plot(2.30kg)andseedyieldperhectare(17.79q/ha).The increase in growth parameter like field emergence, plant height, more number of branches, leaves and flowers per plant was found in seed pelleted with ZnSO4 @ 3 g/kg + borax @ 3 g/kg + Captan (2.5 g/kg) + Imidacloprid (2.5 g/kg) is due to enhanced carbohydrate metabolism and metabolic and physiological processes by plants (Ashour andReda,1972).

Similar,resultwasalsoreportedinfrenchbeanby Chaya Devi et al., 2017 and Deshpande et al. (2009) in paprikachilli.

Similar, result were reported by Manjunath et al. 2009 and Chaya Devi et al., 2017 for maximum seed yield inseedspelletedwithZnSO4 @3g/kg+borax@3g/kg+ Captan(2.5g/kg)+Imidacloprid(2.5g/kg)ascomparedto controlinpaprikachilli andfrenchbean,respectively.

However, the lowest days taken to anthesis (29.02), days to50 percentflowering(32.13) and daysto maturity(71.25)wereobservedintheinteractionofVarun withControl.

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Table 1. Effect of varieties, seed pelleting treatments and their interaction on growth parameter

Treatments Field emergence Plant height

Varun (V1) Phule Rajmah (V2)

Mean Varun (V1) Phule Rajmah (V2)

Primary branches per plant

Mean Varun (V1) Phule Rajma h (V2)

Number of leaves per plant

Mean Varun (V1) Phule Rajmah (V2)

Mean

T1 :Control(Untreated) 75.09 75.28 75.19 40.17 44.03 42.10 4.06 4.30 4.18 34.65 35.02 34.83

T2 :Clay+Gypsum(1:1) 75.23 76.75 75.99 41.97 44.37 42.67 4.20 4.33 4.27 35.02 35.85 35.43

T3 :Clay+Neemleaf powder+Gypsum (1:1:1)

76.91 77.10 77.00 41.03 45.33 43.18 4.33 4.63 4.48 35.15 35.61 35.38

T4 :Biofertilizers (Rhizobium)@30g/kg 77.16 77.23 77.19 41.13 45.43 43.28 4.17 4.40 4.28 35.92 36.33 36.12

T5 :ZnSO4@3g/kg 79.91 80.11 80.01 42.23 46.57 44.40 5.20 5.31 5.26 36.23 36.33 36.28

T6 :Borax@3g/kg 77.65 78.12 77.89 41.70 46.07 43.88 4.23 4.57 4.40 35.81 36.12 35.96

T7 :Captan@2.5g/kg+ Imidacloprid@2.5g/kg 81.54 81.58 81.56 43.13 48.13 45.63 5.17 5.43 5.30 36.78 36.88 36.83

T8:ZnSO4 @3g/kg+ Borax@3g/kg+ Captan@2.5g/kg+ Imidacloprid@2.5g/kg

84.34 84.45 84.40 44.30 49.93 47.12 5.37 5.57 5.47 36.85 36.90 36.87 Mean 78.48 78.83 78.65 41.83 46.23 44.03 4.59 4.82 4.70 35.80 36.13 35.96

VarietyTreatmentInteractionVarietyTreatmentInteractionVarietyTreatme nt InteractionVarietyTreatmentInteraction

S.E.m± 0.258 0.167 0.578 0.46 0.29 1.03 0.050 0.032 0.112 0.144 0.093 0.322 CDat5% 0.753 NS NS 1.54 0.86 NS 0.168 0.094 NS 0.417 0.269 0.940

Table 1 Contd….

Table 1. Effect of varieties, seed pelleting treatments and their interaction on growth parameters

Treatments Days to anthesis Day to 50 % flowering Days to maturity Plant dry weight at harvest (g) Varun (V1) Phule Rajmah (V2)

Mean Varun (V1) Phule Rajmah (V2)

Mean Varun (V1) Phule Rajmah (V2)

Mean Varun (V1) Phule Rajmah (V2)

Mean

T1 :Control (Untreated) 29.02 32.17 30.60 32.26 35.47 33.87 71.25 81.45 76.35 13.25 13.34 13.30

T2 :Clay+Gypsum (1:1) 29.13 32.39 30.76 32.49 35.52 34.01 71.56 81.67 76.62 13.39 13.69 13.54

T3 :Clay+Neem leafpowder+ Gypsum(1:1:1)

29.43 32.51 30.97 32.35 35.29 33.82 71.84 81.71 76.77 13.49 13.97 13.73

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T4 :Biofertilizers (Rhizobium)@30 g/kg

29.33 32.23 30.78 33.28 36.37 34.83 71.42 81.53 76.48 13.34 13.89 13.62

T5 :ZnSO4@ 3g/kg 30.48 33.11 31.80 32.63 35.55 34.09 72.16 82.12 77.14 14.16 14.56 14.36

T6 :Borax@ 3g/kg 29.45 32.55 31.00 33.59 36.64 35.12 71.37 81.54 76.46 13.53 14.31 13.92

T7 :Captan@ 2.5g/kg+ Imidacloprid@ 2.5g/kg

T8 :ZnSO4 @ 3g/kg+Borax@ 3g/kg+Captan@ 2.5g/kg+ Imidacloprid@ 2.5g/kg

30.64 33.23 31.94 33.63 36.80 35.22 72.45 83.18 77.82 14.21 14.78 14.50

30.66 33.27 31.97 32.80 35.85 34.32 72.82 83.54 78.18 14.29 14.82 14.55

Mean 29.77 32.68 31.23 0.078 0.157 0.222 71.86 82.09 76.98 13.71 14.17 13.94

Variety Treatmen t InteractionVarietyTreatmentInteraction VarietyTreatmen t Interacti on VarietyTreatmentInteraction

S.E.m± 0.064 0.129 0.182 0.226 0.453 0.648 0.144 0.288 0.407 0.401 0.801 1.133 CDat5% 0.186 0.371 0.531 32.13 35.17 33.65 0.416 0.832 1.18 1.97 2.33 NS

Table 2. Effect of varieties, seed pelleting treatments and their interaction on yield and yield contributing Parameters

Treatments

Pod length (cm) Dry pod weight per plant (g) No of pods per plant Varun (V1) Phule Rajmah (V2)

Mean Varun (V1) Phule Rajmah (V2)

Mean Varun (V1) Phule Rajmah (V2)

Mean

T1 :Control(Untreated) 7.43 7.67 7.55 20.94 29.39 25.17 11.41 14.54 12.97 T2 :Clay+Gypsum(1:1) 7.55 7.70 7.62 23.88 31.90 27.89 11.61 14.72 13.17

T3 :Clay+Neemleaf powder+Gypsum(1:1:1) 7.73 7.77 7.75 25.14 32.30 28.72 11.67 14.82 13.24

T4 :Biofertilizers (Rhizobium) @30g/kg

7.47 7.57 7.52 26.51 34.56 30.53 11.51 14.55 13.03

T5 :ZnSO4 @3g/kg 8.37 8.49 8.43 31.75 38.59 35.17 13.13 15.57 14.35

T6 :Borax@3g/kg 7.77 7.80 7.78 25.56 32.25 28.90 12.90 14.60 13.75

T7 :Captan@2.5g/kg+ Imidacloprid@2.5g/kg 8.77 8.80 8.78 34.16 40.67 37.41 13.70 15.74 14.72

T8 :ZnSO4 @3g/kg+ Borax@3g/kg+Captan@ 2.5g/kg+Imidacloprid@

8.80 8.81 8.81 34.36 41.91 38.14 13.72 15.77 14.75

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2.5g/kg

Mean 7.99 8.08 8.03 27.79 35.20 31.49 12.46 15.04 13.75

Variety Treatment Interaction Variety Treatment Interaction Variety Treatment Interaction

S.E.m± 0.039 0.132 0.088 0.044 0.088 0.125 0.147 0.094 0.329

CDat5% 0.132 0.073 0.256 0.127 0.255 0.360 0.492 0.274 0.960

Table 2 Contd….

Table 2. Effect of varieties, seed pelleting treatments and their interaction on yield and yield contributing Parameters

Treatments

Number of seeds per pod Seed yield per plant(g)

Varun (V1) Phule Rajmah (V2)

Mean Varun (V1) Phule Rajmah (V2)

Seed yield per plot Seed yield hectare(q)

Mean Varun (V1) Phule Rajmah (V2)

Mean Varun (V1) Phule Rajmah (V2)

Mean

T1:Control (Untreated)

T2 :Clay+Gypsum (1:1)

T3 :Clay+Neemleaf powder+Gypsum (1:1:1)

T4 :Biofertilizers (Rhizobium)@30 g/kg

4.27 4.50 4.38 16.13 22.71 19.42 1.17 1.36 1.27 13.88 15.85 14.86

4.73 4.77 4.75 18.37 24.55 21.46 1.19 1.51 1.35 14.56 16.21 14.99

4.87 4.80 4.83 19.34 24.80 22.07 1.23 1.53 1.38 14.71 16.28 15.49

5.27 5.33 5.30 20.42 26.54 23.48 1.33 1.64 1.49 14.94 16.26 15.77

T5 :ZnSO4@3g/kg 5.57 5.67 5.62 24.49 29.71 27.10 1.59 1.96 1.78 15.65 17.42 16.54

T6 :Borax@3g/kg 4.97 5.00 4.98 21.56 24.74 23.15 1.38 1.62 1.50 14.99 16.76 15.88

T7 :Captan@2.5g/kg +Imidacloprid@ 2.5g/kg

T8 :ZnSO4 @3g/kg+ Borax@3g/kg+ Captan@2.5g/kg+ Imidacloprid@ 2.5g/kg

5.63 5.70 5.67 26.28 31.24 28.76 1.72 2.12 1.92 15.80 17.71 16.75

5.73 5.87 5.80 26.44 32.26 29.35 1.78 2.30 2.04 15.98 17.79 16.89

Mean 5.13 5.20 5.17 21.63 27.07 24.35 1.42 1.76 1.59 14.99 16.80 15.90

Variety Treatmen t Interacti on Variet y Treatme nt Interactio n Variety Treatmen t Interacti on Variety Treatmen t Interactio n S.E.m± 0.051 0.032 0.114 0.075 0.048 0.168 0.017 0.034 0.047 0.056 0.036 0.127 CDat5% 0.148 0.095 0.332 0.251 0.140 0.490 0.048 0.097 0.137 0.190 0.106 0.370

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3. CONCLUSIONS

1. The seed pelleted with ZnSO4 @ 3 g/kg + Borax @ 3 g/kg + Captan (2.5 g/kg) + Imidacloprid (2.5 g/kg) recorded higher field emergence (%), plant height, number of primary branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, plant dry weight, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant, seed yield per plot, seed yield per hectare than the control.

2. The variety Phule Rajmah produced higher seed yield and yield contributing characters except days to floweringandmaturitythanthevarietyVarun.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors would like to thank you to Seed Technology Research Unit, Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, Maharashtra for providing necessary infrastructure and facility.

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