Strengthening of masonry wallette with opening using geotextile

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 09 | Sep 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Strengthening of masonry wallette with opening using geotextile

Deva Kurisinkan1 , Asha Alice Kulavattom

2

1M. Tech student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering and Technology, Palai, Kerala, India

2 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering and Technology, Palai, Kerala, India ***

Abstract -The out -of -plane performance and in-plane behaviour of masonry wallettes with opening strengthened with non- woven geotextile was studied. The wallettes were strengthened on both sides. The patterns used were vertical and cross. Finite element analysis using ANSYS is carried out to find the out-of-plane performance and in-plane behaviour of the masonry wallettes. The results showed less brittle behaviourcomparedtotheun-strengthenedwallette.Also,the strengthening using geotextile enhanced the load carrying capacity and cross pattern was found more effective. Therefore, geotextile can be ideally used to strengthen masonry buildings in seismic prone areas.

Key Words: Out- of -plane, In- plane, Masonry wallettes, Geotextile.

1.INTRODUCTION

Masonry is one of the oldest forms of construction. It is widely used due to its low cost, availability, thermal insulation,easeofconstructionetc.Butmasonrybuildings haveperformedtheworstinthehistoryofpastearthquakes. Thisnotonlyleadstomaximumstructuraldamagebutalso leads to loss of life. Here comes the necessity of strengtheningofmasonrystructures.Sincealotofhistoric structurestooaremadeofmasonry,itisreallyimportantto addresstheremediation,retrofitandseismicupgradingof suchstructures.Itisalsoimportanttoconsidertechniques thatarelessinvasiveinordertopreservethearchitectural and heritage values of the historic structures. A masonry wall experiences out-of-plane bending and in-plane shear during an earthquake. In out-of-plane, flexural bending of theplaneiscausedasaresultoftheloadactingonthewalls in the perpendicular direction where as in plane failure mechanisms includesshear failure,slidingfailure,rocking failureandtoecrushingfailure.Variousstudieshavebeen done over a number of years to develop strengthening techniqueswhichwillimprovetheperformanceofmasonry. Strengthening methods such as the addition of new structural elements, steel plate bonding, external post tensioning, steel bracing, Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) and many more have been applied with some degree of success.However,aninnovativeretrofittingtechniqueusing geotextilehasrecentlygainedrecognitionandacceptance.

Thepresentstudywasconductedonmasonrywalletteswith opening.Bothun-strengthenedandstrengthenedwallettes

wereanalysed.Thein-planeandout-of-planeperformance ofthewalletteswithopeningstrengthenedusinggeotextile was studied. The wallettes were strengthened using two different patterns that is vertical and cross. Also, the strengtheningwasdoneonbothsidesofthewallettes.

1.1 Model definition

The dimension of the brick was 250mmX 125mmX 75mmThedimensionoftheopeningwas140mmX125mmX 75mm.Themortarheadjointandbedjointdimensionsare 10mmand12.5mmrespectively.Sevencoursesofclaybricks wereusedtoconstructeachwallette.Themortarismodelled intheDrucker-Pragerformulation.Formortarthemeshsize is10mmandforbrickthemeshsizeiskept25mm.Perfect bondwasassumedbetweenmortarjointandbrickunit.The in-planebehaviourissimulatedunderdiagonalcompression test whereas the out-of-plane performance is simulated under the four-point bending test. The properties of the masonryandgeotextileareshowninthetablebelow.

Table -1: Propertiesoftheconstituentsofmasonry

Properties Brick Mortar

Density,(kg/m3) 1800 2200 Elasticity modulus,E(MPa) 2000 4000 Poisson’sratio 0.16 0.21 Ultimatetensile strength,ft (MPa) 1.46 0.66 Ultimate compressive strength,fc (MPa)

9.43 4.46

Table -2: Mechanicalpropertiesofnon-wovengeotextiles

Properties

Value

Tensilestrength (MPa) 0.16 Young’smodulus (MPa) 15700 Poisson’sratio 0.3 Thickness(mm) 2.1

|

| ISO

Certified Journal | Page255

IRJET

Impact Factor value: 7.529

9001:2008

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

In this study, masonry wallettes were strengthened using geotextile on both sides and mainly two patterns that is vertical and cross were considered. Both un-strengthened and strengthened wallettes were taken for the analysis to compare the results. Since the analysis was done to understandbothin-planeandout-of-planeperformancestwo setsofeachwalletteshowninFig1weremodelledinANSYS.

ALLDIMENSIONSAREIN“mm”

Fig -1:Detailsofmasonrypanels

2.OUT-OF-PLANE BENDING OF MASONRY WALLETTE STRENGTHENED USING GEOTEXTILE

2.1 Un-strengthened- Out-of-plane

Un-strengthened masonry wallette with opening was consideredanditwassubjectedtofour-pointbendingtofind out the failure load. Fig 2 shows the model of the unstrengthenedmasonrywallettewhereasfig3and4shows thetotaldeformationandequivalentplasticstrainresultsof theun-strengthenedwallette.

Theresultsshowedafailurewithdisplacement1.0577mm under73.423kNload.Theloaddisplacementgraphisshown inChart1.

Fig -2:Modelofun-strengthenedwallette

Fig -2:Totaldeformationofun-strengthenedwallette

Fig -3:Equivalentplasticstrainofun-strengthened wallette

Chart -1:Un-strengthened-LoadvsDisplacementgraph

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 09 | Sep 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

2.2 Vertical pattern -Out-of-plane

Fig -4:Modelofwallettestrengthenedwithvertical pattern

Chart -2:Verticalpattern-LoadvsDisplacementgraph 2.3 Cross pattern-Out-of-plane

Fig -5:Totaldeformationofwallettestrengthenedwith verticalpattern

Fig -7:Modelofwallettestrengthenedwithcross pattern

Theresultsshowedafailurewithdisplacement2.4956mm under177.43kNload.Theloaddisplacementgraphisshown inChart3

Fig -6:Equivalentplasticstrainofwallette strengthenedwithverticalpattern

Theresultsshowedafailurewithdisplacement0.89593mm under109.22kNload.Theloaddisplacementgraphisshown inChart2.

Fig -8:Totaldeformationofwallettestrengthenedwith crosspattern

2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal |

©

Page257

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Fig -9:Equivalentplasticstrainofwallette strengthenedwithcrosspattern

Fig -11:Shearstresscontourforun-strengthened wallette.

Theresultsshowedafailurewithdisplacement0.87816mm under47.792kNload.Theloaddisplacementgraphisshown inChart4.

Chart -3:Crosspattern-LoadvsDisplacementgraph

3.IN-PLANE STRENGTH OF MASONRY WALLETTE STRENGTHENED USING GEOTEXTILE

3.1 Un-strengthened- In-plane

Un-strengthened masonry wallette with opening was consideredanditwassubjectedtodiagonalcompressionto findoutthefailureload.

Chart -4:In-planeUn-strengthened-LoadvsDisplacement graph

3.2Vertical pattern-In-plane

Fig -10:Modelofun-strengthenedwallette subjected todiagonalcompression

Fig -12:ModelofstrengthenedWallettewithvertical patternsubjectedtodiagonalcompression

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Fig -13:Shearstresscontourforstrengthenedwallette withverticalpattern

Theresultsshowedafailurewithdisplacement1.2685mm mmunder64.030kNload.Theloaddisplacementgraphis showninChart5

Fig -15:Shearstresscontourforstrengthenedwallette withcrosspattern

Theresultsshowedafailurewithdisplacement 1.6447mm under88.735kNload.Theloaddisplacementgraphisshown inChart6.

Chart -5:In-planeVerticalpattern-LoadvsDisplacement graph

3.3 Cross pattern-In-plane

Fig -14:ModelofstrengthenedWallettewithcross patternsubjectedtodiagonalcompression

Chart -6:In-planeCrosspattern-LoadvsDisplacement graph

4. CONCLUSIONS

Outofplane-Fromthestudyitwasunderstoodthat the load carrying capability increases with maximum177.43kNforcrosspatterncomparedto the un-strengthened and vertical pattern. Even though the cross pattern was found to be more effective than the vertical pattern, the results showed that vertical pattern too provided a load carrying capability of 109.22 kN which when compared to the un-strengthened was found effective.

In plane-The strengthened panels increased the failureloadfrom47.792kNto88.735kN.Thecross pattern was found to be more effective than the otherpattern.Thevertical patterntooprovideda loadcarryingcapabilityof64.030kN

Therefore,fromtheabovestudyandcomparisonof results it can be concluded that geotextile can be successfully used for strengthening masonry structures subjected to both in-plane and out of



International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

planebending.Theabovetechniquewassuccessful in enhancing the structural strength and seismic upgradingofthemasonrystructures. Also,canbe usedtopreservehistoricmasonrystructures.

REFERENCES

[1] Thanasis C. Triantafillou, Michael N. Fardis, (1997), Strengthening of historic masonry structures with composite materials, Materials and Structures/Mat~riauxetConstructions,Vol.30,pp486496

[2] Sameer A. Hamoush,Mark W. McGinley, Paul Mlakar, DavidScottandKennethMurray(2001),Out-Of-Plane Strengthening Of Masonry Walls With Reinforced Composites,JournalOfCompositesForConstruction

[3] Michael L. Albert, Alaa E. Elwi,and J. J. Roger Cheng,(2001),StrengtheningOfUnreinforcedMasonry Walls Using FRPs, Journal Of Composites For Construction.

[4] Kiang Hwee Tan and M. K. H. Patoary (2004), Strengthening of Masonry Walls against Out-of-Plane LoadsUsingFiber-ReinforcedPolymerReinforcement, JournalofCompositesforConstruction©ASCE

[5] Y.A. Al-Salloum, T.H. Almusallam, Load capacity of concretemasonryblockwallsstrengthenedwithepoxybondedGFRPsheets,J.Compos.Mater.39(19)(2005) 1719–1745, https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998305051119

[6] A. Rawal, T. Shah, S.C. Anand, (2010), Geotextiles: production,propertiesandperformance,Text.Progr.42 (3) 181–226, https://doi.org/10.1080/ 00405160903509803

[7] H.Mahmood,J.M.Ingham,Diagonalcompressiontesting of FRP-retrofitted unreinforced clay brick masonry wallettes, J. Compos. Constr. 15 (5) (2011) 810–820, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CC.19435614.0000209.

[8] A.A.S.Correia,M.I.M.Pinto,andM.L.C.Lopes(2012), DesignofBrick-FacedRetainingWallsReinforcedwith Geotextiles:FaceDeformation,JournalofGeotechnical andGeoenvironmentalEngineering,Vol.138

[9] HasimAliKhan,RadhikeshPrasadNanda,DipteshDas, (2017), In-plane strength of masonry panel strengthened with geosynthetic, Construction and BuildingMaterials

[10] RadhikeshPrasadNanda,HasimAliKhan,ApurbaPal, (2017), Seismic Retrofitting of Unreinforced Brick MasonryPanelswithGlassFibreReinforcedPolymers,

International Journal of Geotechnical Earthquake EngineeringVolume8,Issue1

[11] Jorge Miguel Proença, António S. Gago & André Vilas Boas (2018), Structural window frame for in-plane seismic strengthening of masonry wall buildings, International Journal of Architectural Heritage Conservation,Analysis,andRestoration.

[12] MartaGiaretton,DmytroDizhur,EnricoGarbin,JasonM. Ingham, and Francesca da Porto,(2018), In-Plane Strengthening of Clay Brick and Block Masonry Walls UsingTextile-ReinforcedMortar,JournalofComposites forConstruction,©ASCE

[13] HasimAliKhan,RadhikeshPrasadNanda,(2019),Outof-planebendingofmasonrywallettestrengthenedwith geosynthetic,ConstructionandBuildingMaterials.

[14] P.K.V.R. Padalu, Y. Singh, S. Das, (2019), Out-of-plane flexural strengthening of URM wallettes using basalt fibre reinforced polymer composite, Constr. Build. Mater.pp272–295, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.04.268

[15] C. D’Ambra, G.P. Lignola, A. Prota, F. Fabbrocino, E. Sacco,(2019),FRCMstrengtheningofclaybrick walls for out of plane loads, Compos. Part. B-Eng. 174, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107050 107050

[16] Biplab Behera, Hasim Ali Khan, Radhikesh Prasad Nanda,(2020),Geosyntheticasastrengtheningmaterial forbrickmasonrywall,MaterialsToday:Proceedings.

[17] Hasim Ali Khan, Biplab Behera, Radhikesh Prasad Nanda,(2020),GeosyntheticasSustainableMaterialsfor EarthquakeresistantofMasonryStructures,Materials ScienceandEngineering

Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook