OPTIMIZATION AND TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER USING NATURAL COAGULANTS

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 09 | Sep 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

OPTIMIZATION AND TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER USING NATURAL COAGULANTS

1 P.G Student, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davanagere, Karnataka, India

2Principal, Bapuji Institute of Engineering and Technology, Davanagere, Karnataka, India ***

Abstract - Sewage wastewater is generating in larger quantity from various activities of living beings in day-to-day life. Which has led to be major concern in treating and discharging it to environment. Now a days huge number of research works are conducted to encounter these problems. In present study sewage waste-water is taken to analysis and generally to remove turbidity in any sort of polluted water chemical-based coagulants are used in reducing turbidity and other process like coagulation/flocculation process. Natural coagulants Okra and jackfruit seed has been used in replacing these chemical-based coagulants/flocculants. Firstly, initial parameters of sewage waste-water has been examined through standard procedures and later this sewage wastewater has been treated with okra powder and jackfruit seed powder in the form of natural-coagulants, mainly optimum dosages of both coagulants as performed using standard jar apparatus, which gave optimum dosage of okra powder and jackfruit seed powder as 120mg/l and 80mg/l respectively. Jackfruit seed powder has been more efficient in turbidity reduction with 84% efficiency, where has okra powder treated about 60% and Okra has been found more efficient inreducing COD about 80% but where has jackfruit seed powder was resulted to be 72% COD reduction. In BOD analysis Okra powder showed more efficiency about 48% when comparing to jackfruit seed powder which reduces to 21%. Okra has been found to be more effective and can be increases its efficiency by increasing its dosages.

Key Words: Coagulation-flocculation Process, Jar Test, Naturalcoagulants,jackfruitseed,okra.

1.INTRODUCTION

Sewage/domestic Wastewater which is generated from various communities, which cannot be used directly for variouspurposes.Itcanbecategorizedbyhowithasbeen generated,inbroadprospectivewastewatercanbeexplicate asmixtureofmorethanonewastage,whichincludeswaste fromdomestic,industries,institutionalwaste Thedischarge ofuntreateddomesticsewageandtoxicindustrialeffluents ofwatercourseshasimpactedthequalityofnaturalwater

Examining the quantification and process of treating wastewaterfromsewageiscontrolledandruledbyCPCBin centrallevelandSPCBs/PollutioncontrolCommitteesand

local bodies of States. Generally, SBR and ASP techniques havebeenusedinalmostSTPs.

Unprocessed sewage may contain waste, unwanted nutrients, solids, pathogens, oil and greases and heavy metals.sewagetreatmentplantsundergosomeconventional methods like filtration, activated charcoal method and flocculation/coagulation method which is very important primary treatment, (P.Rajasulochana et al., 2016). In this present study we mainly aimed to derive natural coagulants/flocculants in replacement with conventional, chemical coagulants which leads to sustainable development.

Coagulation/Flocculationtreatmentmethod,whichisvastly used in wastewater treatment. The major role of this treatment method has to get rid of suspended colloidal particles (Amir Hariz Amran et al.,2018) and to get rid of turbidityinwastewaterandthewaterwhichcontainsmore pollutants

Natural coagulants/flocculantsare emergingasoneofthe most used coagulants/flocculants because of their easy availability and sustainable nature. Natural coagulants/flocculantsareextractedfromsomanysources forexample:Plantbased,animalbasedandorganismbased. Aftercoagulation/flocculationtreatmentofwastewaterwith syntheticorchemicalcoagulants/flocculants,(VickyKumar et al., 2017). It has resulted in huge generation of toxic sludgethatmakescomplicationindisposingofsludge.The sludgeproducedfromthiscoagulation/flocculationprocess isverytoxicinnature,itiscausedduetoimproperreaction ofsyntheticcoagulant/flocculant(SetyoBudiMohdSaidet al.,2020).

Inthisstudywehavebeenusedokraandjackfruitseedas naturalcoagulant/flocculanttoknowtheirefficiency.

1.1 Scope of present study

Inthisstudyitismainlyfocusedonusageofnaturallyand locally available fruits, vegetable wastes and agricultural waste,whichcanbeabundantlyavailableinnaturewhich can used as natural coagulants instead of using chemical coagulants,whichproducesharmfulsludgeaftertreatment andusingthesenaturallyderivedcoagulantswhichleadsto

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 09 | Sep 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

sustainable environment. In this study jackfruit seed and okra has been used to know the efficiency, there coagulation/flocculationnatureandbehaviorofthisnatural coagulants/flocculantswithsewagewastewatertreatment.

1.2 Objectives

1. To collect and examine the characteristics of sewage wastewater.

2.TodeterminetheperformanceofOkraandJackfruitseed asnaturalcoagulant.

3. To extract natural coagulant from okra and jackfruit seed.

4. To identify the efficiency of jackfruit seed and okra as naturalcoagulantsintreatmentofsewagewastewater.

5. To Know the feasibility of using natural coagulants/flocculants as alternate to chemical coagulants/flocculants.

6. To remark theSustainabilityandcost effectiveness of naturalcoagulants/flocculantsoversyntheticcoagulants.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

2.1 Preparation of Natural coagulants

2.1.1 Jack fruit seed

Jack fruit seed was collected about 1kg of seeds were collected,peeledofabovelayerofjackfruitseedandcleaned with water to remove impurities. Then these seeds were sundriedforabout4-5days,latertheseseedswerechopped topiecesandgrindintofinepowderthensievedin4.75mm sieve(AneesuRahmanetal.,2018).Thispowderwasstored inair-tightcontainertopreventimpuritiesandmoistureto enterthepowder.Furtherthisjackfruitseedpowderisused forexperiment,laterdilutionswerepreparedabout0.1gram ofpowderwasdilutedin100mldistilledwaterandfurther dilutionswereasperrequirementforstudies

2.1.2 Okra seed

okrahasbeencleanlywashedwithwater2to3times,then okrawaswipedwithcleanclothtoremovemoisturecontent, thenokrahasbeenchoppedintoverysmallpiecesandkept inhotairovenat105ºCfor24hours.Thishotair-driedokra wasgrindedinnormalblendertoafinetexture,furtherthis powderwassievedin4.75mmsievelaterthissievedpowder isstoredinatightcontainertoprevententeringofairand impuritieswhichmaycausechangeincharacteristicofthe powder (Muhammad Ridwan Fahmi et al., 2014). This powder was used carefully as per requirement for the presentstudy,laterabout0.1gramofpowderisdilutedin 100mlofdistilledwaterandfurtherdifferentdilutionswere preparedasperrequirementoftheongoingproject.

Fig 2- OkrapowderPreparation

2.2 Sample collection and analysis

Rawsewagewastewaterwascollectedusinggrabsampling techniquefrom20MLDsewagetreatmentplantwasusedin thisstudy.Thesamplewascollectedatreceivingchamberor raw sewage sump, the color of the sample collected was green-brownishincolorandveryturbidwhichissituated before fine screen channels and grit chamber without disturbingthesampleabout20litersofrawsamplehasbeen collected in wastewater storing containers and carried to laboratoryandpreservedinverycoolroomtemperature.

Main purpose of this study is to identify initial raw wastewater characteristics like, PH, turbidity, total solids, CodandBodbeforeandaftertreatment.

Table -1: Initial characteristics of Sewage waste water.

mg/l

mg/l

mg/l

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3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Performing out the jar test with different proportions of dosages of jackfruit seed powder and okra seed powder accordingtostandardjartestprocedureandthenfollowed byturbiditytestforsupernatantsfromeachjarofjartest. Optimumdosageofbothokraandjackfruitseedwasfound accordinglytotheleastturbidityvalue.Furtherexperiments wereoptimizedusingoptimumdosageasdosagefortreating otherparametersofsewagewastewater.Fromthejarand turbidityteststheoptimumdosageofjackfruitseedpowder wasfoundtobe80mg/landforokraitwasfoundtobe120 mg/l. Chart 1- PH Variation

Table -2: Characteristics of sewage waste water after treatment.

Sl. No Characteristics Okra Jackfruit seed 1 PH 7.34 7.27 2 Turbidity 271NTU 108NTU 3 TotalSolids 750mg/l 845mg/l 4 Totaldissolvedsolids 580mg/l 600mg/l 5 COD 200mg/l 300mg/l 6 BOD 160mg/l 180mg/l

From this present study okra and jackfruit seed has been used as natural coagulants in coagulation/flocculation processintreatingofsewagewastewater.Fromtheresults obtained we can conclude that optimum dosage of both coagulantsokraandjackfruitseedpowderareobtainedto be120mg/land80mg/lrespectivelybyperformingjartest. In this work it has been shown the efficiencies of both jackfruitseedpowderandokrapowderintreatingdifferent sewagewastewatercharacteristics.Whenwecomparedthe efficiency of both natural coagulants/flocculants. Okra powder was turned out to be more effective in removing COD, Total dissolved solids, BOD. Parameters of sewage water using jackfruit seed powder was turned out to be moreeffectiveinremovingturbidityofsewagewastewater.

4 CONCLUSION

Theoutcomeswereresultedasshowingturbidityreduction efficiencywasfoundtobe60%whenrawsampleistreated by okra powder and 84% turbidity reduction efficiency when it is treated with jackfruit seed powder, when COD experiment was conducted using these coagulants the resultswereobtainedas80%CODreducingefficiencywhen okra powder used as coagulant and when jackfruit seed powder was used as coagulant it was turned to be 72% reductioninCOD.WhenBODtestwasconductedusingokra powderascoagulantmaterialitwasturnedoutbereduced to 48% and by using jackfruit seed powder BOD was reducedto21%,whichcanbeimprovedbyincreasingthe dosages. It can be concluded that using both natural coagulantswecametoknowthatjackfruitseedpowderhas been more effective in removing turbidity effectively and okrapowderhasbeen showedmoreeffectiveinremoving CODandBODeffectively

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