Workability And Strength Characteristics Of Concrete When Fine Aggregate Is Replaced By Granulated B

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 09 | Sep 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Workability And Strength Characteristics Of Concrete When Fine Aggregate Is Replaced By Granulated Blast Slag

Prof. Preethi AV1 , Dr. Rajendra S 2 , Mr. Sanjay HN 3

1Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Vijaya Vittala Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

2 Principal, Vijaya Vittala Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

3 Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Vijaya Vittala Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ***

Abstract - Concrete is the most popularly used substance for major infrastructure construction. Environmental issues are worsening as a result of the growing appetite for concrete caused by urbanization. Thus, there is a requirement for alternative construction materials. The main component of concrete, fine aggregate has a significant influence in mix composition. The largest consumer ofmaterialresources is the construction industry, which has caused the exploitation of natural sand. This circumstance promptedthe development of novel alternative material. The motive of this investigation is to decrease the usage of natural sand by substituting it with Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBS). In this study, natural sand is partially replaced by GBS in 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. The grade of the concrete is M20 and the w/c ratio is 0.5. The characteristics of the concrete like workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength are examined. The outcomes shows that the optimum replacement of fine aggregates by GBS is 20%.

Key Words: Construction, Concrete, Fine Aggregates, Workability,Strength

1.INTRODUCTION

India is a growing nation right now. There are several ongoing construction projects today. It can be a result of globalization.Concretetechnologyhasmademajorgrowth in the last decade, which have led to cost-effective enhancements instrength of the concrete. This economic expansion relies on using the resources that are readily availableefficiently. Natural sand or river sand, which is widely used component as fine aggregates in the manufacturingofstandardconcrete,isgettingverycostly. Sandextractionfromriverbedsinlargequantitiesendangers the ecosystem and can result in riverbank slides and the eradicationofriverbankflora.Toovercometheseproblems the utilization of natural river sand in concrete should be reduced and it can be replaced with low-cost industrial waste substances, for instance Granulated Blast Furnace Slag.

Whenthemoltenslagfrommeltedironoreisquickly quenchedandthenturnedintoapowder,itistransformed intogranulatedblastfurnaceslag(GBS),areusablematerial.

Formorethanacentury,thissubstancehasbeenutilizedas acementsubstituteduetoitscementitiouscharacteristics. Theengineershaverecentlyuseditinsomeofthehighway constructionprojects.Inthisstudy,theattemptismadeto useGBSasfineaggregatesinconcrete.Itconsistsofcalcium, silicon,aluminium,magnesiuminvariouspercentages.

2. METHODOLOGY

Thevariousmethodsthatareemployedinthisstudyareas follows 

The materials such as cement, river sand, GBS and coarseaggregatesthatarerequiredfortheproduction ofconcreteareprocuredfromavailablesources. 

Thecollectedmaterialsaresubjectedtobasictesting inthelaboratory. 

ThemixdesignforconcreteofgradeM20isdoneasper IS:10262-2009withthewatertocementratioof0.5. 

The various mix combinations are calculated by partiallyreplacingfineaggregatesofconcretebyGBS in0%,5%,10%,15%,20%,25%and30%. 

TheworkabilitytestofconcreteisperformedasperIS: 1199-1959beforethecastingofspecimen. 

The specimens are casted on various mix combinationsandcuredaspertestrequirements. 

ThecompressivestrengthisperformedasperIS:5161959 on 150mm*150mm*150 mm cube specimens thatarecuredfor3days,7daysand28days. 

ThesplittensilestrengthisperformedasperIS:58161999 on cylindrical specimens of dia. 150mm and height300mmthatarecuredfor3days,7daysand28 days. 

TheflexuralstrengthisperformedasperIS:516-1959 on100mm*100mm*500mmbeamspecimensthatare curedfor28days.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 09 | Sep 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

3.MATERIALS

3.1 Cement

TheOPCcementofAmbujaofgrade53inaccordanceto IS:12269-1987isutilizedthroughoutthestudy.Thebasic characteristicsofcementarespecifiedinthebelowtable1.

Table -1: Characteristics

ofCement

Sl.No. Characteristics Outcomes

1 SpecificGravity 3.10 2 StandardConsistency 37% 3 InitialSettingTime 34min. 4 FinalSettingTime 362min.

3.2 Fine Aggregates

Thenaturalsandthatisavailableinthenearbyareais used in this study. The basic tests and grading of fine aggregatesarecarriedoutasperIS: 2386 (PART 3)-1963 andIS:383-1970respectively.Thebasiccharacteristicsof naturalsandarespecifiedinthebelowtable2.

Table -2: CharacteristicsofFineAggregates

Sl.No. Characteristics Outcomes

1 SpecificGravity 2.56 2 SieveAnalysis 2.68(ZoneIII) 3 Bulking 4%

3.3 Coarse Aggregates

Thecoarseaggregateshavingmaximumsizeof20mmis utilizedinthisstudy.ThebasictestsarecarriedoutasperIS 2386 (PART 3)-1963. The basic characteristics of coarse aggregatesarespecifiedinthebelowtable3.

Table -3: CharacteristicsofCoarse

Aggregates

SN. Characteristics Outcomes

1 SpecificGravity 2.66 2 SieveAnalysis 6.8 3 WaterAbsorption 0.44%

3.4 Granulated Blast Furnace Slag

TheGBShavingsizerangingfrom2.36mmto150μmis obtained from the J.S.W steel factory, Bellary, Karnataka, India.ThebasictestsarecarriedoutasperIS2386(PART 3)-1963.ThecharacteristicsofGBSaregiveninthetable4.

Table -4: CharacteristicsofGBS

Sl.No. Characteristics Outcomes 1 SpecificGravity 2.7 2 Bulking 6% 3 SieveAnalysis 2.62(ZoneII)

3.5 Water

The portable water which is free from hazardous materials,suchasacids,alkalisoroilsisusedinthisstudy. ThepHofthewaterscalesfrom5.5to7.5.

3.6 Mix Design

ThemixdesignofconcretewithM20gradeiscarriedout asperIS:10262-2009.Thewatertocementratiomaintained is 0.5. The obtained mix proportions are specified in the table 5 and various mix designations are specified in the table6.

Table -5: MixProportion Sl.No. Materials Proportion Weight(Kg/m3)

Table -6: MixDesignation Sl.No. Mix Designation

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 09 | Sep 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

4.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

4.1 Workability Test

The outcomes of the slump cone test of concrete are giveninthetable7.Itisexaminedthattheworkabilityofthe concretereduceswithriseinpercentageofGBS.Thistrend is observed because the water absorption of GBS is more whencomparedtothenaturalsand.Thegraphicalresultsof workabilitytestaregiveninthechart1.

Table -7: WorkabilityTestResults

4.2

Chart -1:WorkabilityTestResults

Compressive Strength Test

Theoutcomesofcompressivestrengthtestarespecified in the table 7. The compressive strength of C0 is 27.66 N/mm2 at 28 days. The C4 has the highest compressive strengthof31.94N/mm2 at28dayswhichis15.47%more whencomparedtotheC0.ItcanbeobservedthattheC6also has the satisfactory results compared to C0. The graphical resultsofcompressivestrengtharedrawninthechart2.

Table -7: CompressiveStrengthTestResults

Sl.No. Mix Designation CompressiveStrength(N/mm2) 3Days 7Days 28Days

1 C0 18.30 22.25 27.66

2 C1 18.86 23.12 28.53

3 C2 19.34 23.56 29.42

4 C3 20.32 24.33 30.61

C4 21.65 25.52 31.94

5 20.92 24.62 31.55

C6 20.38 23.75 30.60

Chart -2:CompressiveStrengthTestResults

4.3 Split Tensile Strength Test

Theoutcomesofthesplit-tensilestrengthtestaregiven inthetable8.Theconventionalconcretehasthesplittensile strengthof3.75N/mm2at28days.Thesplit-tensilestrength of C4 is the highest i.e., 4.08 N/mm2 which is 8.8% more whencomparedtotheC0at28days.Thegraphicaloutcomes ofthesplittensilestrengtharedrawninthechart3

Table -8: SplitTensileStrengthTestResults

Sl.No. Mix

Designation

Split-tensileStrength(N/mm2) 3Days 7Days 28Days

1 C0 2.62 2.98 3.75

2 C1 2.71 3.08 3.88

3 C2 2.79 3.14 3.97

4 C3 2.84 3.23 4.04

5 C4 2.98 3.38 4.08

6 C5 2.91 3.32 4.06

7 C6 2.88 3.29 4.02

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 09 | Sep 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

5. CONCLUSIONS

The conclusions that are obtained from the study are as follows.

Theworkabilityoftheconcretereduceswiththerise inpercentagereplacementofGBS.

TheC4hasthehighestcompressivestrengthof31.94 N/mm2 at 28 days which is 15.47% more when comparedtotheC0.

4.4 Flexural Strength Test

Theoutcomesofflexuralstrengthtestarespecifiedin thetable9.Theflexuralstrengthofconventionalconcreteat 28 days is 5.88 N/mm2. The C4 has the highest flexural strengthof6.82N/mm2at28dayswhichis16%morewhen comparedtotheC0.ItcanbeobservedthatC6hasresultthat is satisfactory to C0. The graphical outcomes of flexural strengthtestaregiveninthechart3. Table -9: FlexuralStrengthTestResults SN. MixDesignation FlexuralStrength(N/mm2) 1 C0 5.88 2 C1 6.15 3 C2 6.36 4 C3 6.74 5 C4 6.82 6 C5 6.65 7 C6 6.24

The highest split-tensile strength of 4.08 N/mm2 is examinedforC4 whichis8.8%morewhencompared totheatC028days. 

Theflexuralstrengthat28daysishighestforC4which is16%morewhencomparedtotheC0.

TheoptimumreplacementoffineaggregatesbyGBSin concreteis20%.

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 09 | Sep 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

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