EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BITUMINOUS MIXES CONTAINING WASTE PLASTIC WASTE AS AN ADMIXTURE SUBJECTED TO C

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN:2395-0072

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF BITUMINOUS MIXES CONTAINING WASTE PLASTIC WASTE AS AN ADMIXTURE SUBJECTED TO COLD WEATHERE CLIMATE

LIYAQAT ALI

Research Scholar, Civil Engineering Department, Mewar University, Rajasthan, India ***

Abstract

Thisresearchwasfocusedtomodifyandimprovetheperformanceofbitumenmixesinlowtemperaturesregionbyusing wasteplasticbags(WPB)asanadditiveinpavement.Mixeswith7%WPBand7%WPBshowpraisingresultscanbeused asasubstituteinaggregatevirginmixes.TheminimumamountofWPBformixinbituminousconcrete(BC)wasfoundto be 7% at a bitumen content of 6.67%. The stability of control mix was found to be about 75% from the standard value, whereasforthemixwithbothanti-stripping& WPBandformixwithWPBonly,itwas morethan85%. This showsthat mixes with 7% WPB have extra durability and strength in comparison to the mixes with anti-stripping chemical and controlledmix.Also,WPBmixesareeconomicalduetotheavailabilityofplasticwaste,itisnoticedthatcontrolmixafter beingsubjectedtorepeatedfreezethawingcyclescanlosegreaterthan50%ofitsoriginalstrength.Hencemodificationto themixturecanbedonebymeansofadditionof7%WPBwhichgivestherequiredstrength.

Keyword: Performance,Mixes,Bituminous,Stability,strength.

1.0: Introduction

Useofplasticinbituminousmixescanbeofimportanceincurtailingtheextradamagetoroadsincoldweatherconditions. Waste plastic roads were used in a few components of the us of a with a varying degree of success. Waste plastic roads havenumerousadvantagesoverordinaryroadswhichcanbeofwonderfulsignificanceinthesepartsoftheUSA.Despite the fact that a huge amount of labor has been achieved through addition of waste plastic to the bitumen mixes, little expertiseapproximatelytheperformanceofsuchmixesinharshclimaticandsnowyconditionsaffordsabroaderscopeto exactly achieve results on this regard and accordingly understand the advantages and de merits of the use, if any. Some applicableresearchandstudiesexecutedonusageofwasteplasticforcoldclimateareasareasfollows:

(Awwad and Shbeeb 2007) Claimed that the modified mixture taken into consideration to have higher balance and VMA fee in contrast with the non-modified blends and has effect without delay to the rutting protection of combinations. It changed into brought by means of their finding that editing the asphalt blend with HDPE polyethylene complements its homesgreaterwhileascomparedwithLDPEpolyethylene. (Herndon,2009)Examineddampnessvulnerabilityofasphalt combination making use of phosphorylated reused polythene. They confirmed that there is a big lower in dampness susceptibility by means of addition of reused unmodified polyethylene to asphalt concrete mixtures in both the Wet ProcedureandtheDryProcess.Accordingtheworkof(Chavan,2013)Plasticwastewasreplacedinvicinityofmixturefor higher overall performance of pavement. This becomes attributes in supplying an improved quantity of bitumen containing plastic as an admixture. The polymer delivered decreases the voids gift in the blend, which prevents the dampness absorption and oxidation of bitumen by captured air. They concluded that, using plastic waste in mixture will reducequantityofbitumenbyusing12%,inadditiontoboomthefirst-rate,performanceandintheendincreaseagreen innovation. The review work of (Gawande et, al., 2012) on waste plastic utilization in pavementin both wet and dry technique.Itwasconcludedbythemthatmodifiedbitumenwithacontentofwasteplasticadditionof5-12%byweight of bitumen provides a longer life span and performance of pavement. (Ghorpade, 2018) Found out that the concurrent motionandhigh visitorsquantityofindustrial vehicles, over-burdeningofvansandvarietiesin daily temperatureof the pavementweretakenintoconsiderationasthemainelementscausingrutting,cracking,bleeding,shovingandpotholingat the bituminous surfacing. (Ahmadinia, et, al., 2012) Conducted a sequence of laboratory take a look at to make use of massive amount of waste plastic bins as an admixture to stone mastic asphalt (SMA). Wheel monitoring, dampness weakness,bulkmodulusanddraindownassessmentshavebeenconductedwiththespecialpercentageofthoseatzero%, 3%,five%,7%,10%and12%byweightofbitumencontent.Theirresultsuggeststhatduringcooperatingsuchwasteinto the combo has ended in beneficial outcome on the houses of SMA that can enhance the mixture's safety in opposition to perpetual misshaping (rutting), increment the energy of the combination, provide low binder drain down in addition to recyclingthewasteproductasabonus.

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(Gundaliya, 2012) Suggests that the system of enhancing of bitumen with waste polythene provide higher methods in protectingthepavementfromsafetyfromsplitting,potholearrangementandruttingbyusingimprovingsofteningfactor, hardnessanddiminishingstrippingbecauseofwater,onthismannerimprovingthegeneralexecutionandperformanceof roads over a drawn out stretch of time. As indicated by using them the waste polythene used inside the mixture shapes protectingoveraggregatesoftheblendwhichlessensporosity,ingestionofdampnessandcomplementsbindingproperty. (Karimet,al.,2013)Checkouttheoverallperformanceofbituminousmixturewithpolyethyleneadmixtureandrevealed thatbitumenblendswithpolyethyleneplaysbetterwhilstascomparedwith conventionalbituminouscombinationwhen submergedbeneathwater.Alsoshieldingtheearthfrominfectionwillbeauniquereward.(SoniandPunjabi2013),Found that with using waste plastic aiming at improving the overall performance of bituminous concrete aggregate, this waste plastic changed bitumen combination gives better binding assets, balance, stiffness, thickness and impermeability to water. Their end result shows that the waste polythene used in the mixture will give lessens porosity, retention of moistureandcomplementsbindingbelongingsofthemixture.Thebitumenadjustedwith4.5%Polythenewasteistaken into consideration to be optimal indicating better performance when compared with traditional blends. (Moghaddam et, al.,2013)confirmed thattheuseofwastematerialinasphaltpavementwouldbepromisingfor thebenefitlifeofasphalt pavement and reduces ecological contamination. Their result indicates that PolyethyleneTerephthalate (PET) fortified blendshavehigherstabilityvalue,flow,andwearinesslifewhencomparedwiththemixtureswithoutPET.(Rajasekaranet, al., 2013) revealedthat the reuse of waste Plastics Coated Aggregates- Bitumen Mix Composite for Road Application by Green Method. The sample showed higher Marshall Stability values ranges between 18 to 20KN and the load bearing capacity of the road is increased as well. (Sangita and Verinder, 2011) Proposed a way for managing enhancing the exceptionalofpavementthroughusingplasticwaste.AsitturnedintoindicatedbymeansofthemIndiaspendsRs35,000 crores a year on road development and maintenance, such as Rs 100,000 crores each year simplest to upkeep serviceabilityandhandiestthroughbitumenroadscontinuesgoing2-3instanceslonger,withaviewtospareusRs33,000 croresayrinupkeep.(BinduandBeana2014) Providedtheendresultintheirstudiesonhowthewasteplasticbehaves whilstintroducedasastabilizerinStoneMasticAsphalt,theblendshadbeensubjectedtoexamswhichconsistofMarshall Stability,rigidity,compressiveelectricityassessmentsandTri-axialtests.Theresultindicatedthatthatbendypavementof highdurabilityandextraperformancecanbeattainedwiththehighestqualityadditionof12%shreddedplastic. (Sabina, et,al.,2009)Evaluatedthecomparativeoverallperformanceofpropertiesofbituminousmixescontainingplastic/polymer (PP)(10%and15%throughtheweightofbitumen)withconventionalbituminousblend.Extremelygoodimprovementin houseswhichincludeMarshallStability,RetainedStability,IndirectTensileStrengthandRuttingturnedintodiscoveredin PPmodifiedbituminousconcretemixes.Thus,wastePPmodifiedbituminousconcretemixesareexpectedtobemorelong lasting,muchlessatriskofmoisture.Itwasrevealedfromthestudiedconductedby(Sreedeviandsaline,2013)onroads surfaceusingbituminousmixwithplasticcoatedaggregates.LaboratoryresearchsuggeststhattheMarshallStabilityfeeof bituminous mixes increase through 1.5 to 2 times by using Plastic Coated Aggregates. Also, quantity of bitumen may be decreased by means of extra than 12% by using weight. (Thakur and Duggal 2017) concluded that changing the reused cloth in pavement production will enhance the overall performance of the road and decrease the construction fee of the road.(Verma,2008)Takenintoconsiderationthatplasticexpandsthefactorofmeltingofthebitumenandmakestheroad flexibleamidwintersbringingapproximatelyitslongexistence.

The quantity of waste plastic to be had provides one of the first-rate to be followed for editing the content material of bitumenmixes.Thiscouldleadtoagiantdiscountwithintherenovationandrestorepricesoreventhedevelopmentcost ofpavement.Hencethepresentlookatofferswithenhancingthehomesofmodifiedmixeswithwasteplasticbags(WPB).

2.0 : Materials

Forthisstudyvariousmaterialsutilizedare:

VG10binder,Plasticwaste,andaggregates.Plasticwastewasusedinshreddedform.

i. Wasteplastic:thewasteplasticwasobtainedfromChandigarhindustrialestate.

ii. Cement:OPCwasusedforadditiontothemixes.Aggregates:

iii. Aggregate:Thesizeofaggregateutilizedwas13.2mmandstonedustwasused.

3.0: Methodology

Forthiscauseofthisexamine,bitumenmixeshavebeenmadetheusageofMarshallMethodofDesign.Variousmaterials viz:aggregates,binder,polythene,anti-strippingchemicalsubstances.Also,mostfulfillingbindercontentmaterialturned into selected. The paintings executed for this study was achieved in numerous stages. Determination of Bituminous

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Concrete control blend and using Waste Plastic Bags with various chances (7%, 8%). As properly as for Bituminous Concrete by utilizing anti-stripping chemical with varying probabilities (0.5%, 0.75%, and 1%) by means of the usage of MarshallMethodatthesametimeasRepetitiveFreezingandThawingofsampleswithplastichavingbothplasticandantistrippingchemicalofvaryingchances(0.5%,0.75%),andmanagemixfor3,andsevendaysturnedintoalsodecided.

4.0 : Results and Analysis

4.1 : PropertiesofVariousMaterialsUtilizedintheStudy

In order to meet the requirements as per MORTH(revision 5th), various types of tests were performed on thematerials. Theresultsobtainedasaresultofthesetestsareindicatedinthefollowingtable:

Table 1.0:

Physical Properties of Aggregates

S/No. Physical Properties Values Requirements as per MORTH

1 SpecificGravity 2.73 2.6-2.8 2 ElongationIndex(%) 10.45 Max30%(combined) 3 FlakinessIndex(%) 10.85 4 ImpactValue(%) 18.3 Max25% 5 WaterAbsorption(%) 0.73 Max3% 6 StrippingValue(%) 3.54 <5%

Table 2.0 Physical

Properties of

Binder Binder:ThebitumenusedwasVG10grade.Theresultsofthetestsperformedaregiveninthefollowingtable

S/No.

VG-10 Grade Test Method Properties Determined Required 1 Penetration 92 80-100 IS:1203-1978 2 Softeningpoint 43.51 40min. IS:1205-1978 3 Specificgravity 1.10 0.99min. IS:1202-1978

4.2The Aggregate Grading

TheGrading ofdifferentaggregates was done forobtaining virginmix. The results areas shown infollowingtable:

Table 3.0: Grading of Aggregates for Control Mix IS SieveSize % Passing (required)

Passing 19mm % Passing13.2 mm % PassingStone dust % Passing Cement Grading 19mm 90-100 86.75 100 100 100 97.54 13.2mm 59-79 11.05 99.5 100 100 78.979 9.5mm 52-72 1.85 78.7 100 100 69.2 4.75mm 35-55 0.35 5.05 96.8 100 45.665 2.36mm 28-44 0 0.05 75.05 100 32.037 1.18mm 20-34 0 0 62.35 100 26.94 600mm 15-27 0 0 47.95 100 21.18 300mm 10-20 0 0 34.1 100 15.62 150mm 5-13 0 0 20.05 99.5 9.99 75mm 2-8 0 0 34.6 99 7.8

%

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Aftergradingofaggregates,ratiooftheblendiscalculated.Itwasdonebyhitandtrialmethodandtheratiousedwas 58:40:2

4.3 : Marshall Stability

Bitumen Content

Table 4.0: MarshallStabilityTestresultsforControlMix

5.43% 5.70% 5.87% 6.5%

SpecificGravityofBitumen 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 Density(g/cc) 2.50 2.32 2.31 2.32

SpecificGravityofAggregateBlend 2.36 2.36 2.36 2.36 VolumeofBitumen,Vb(%) 11.86 11.93 12.46 14.34 VolumeofAggregate,Va(%) 80.03 79.40 78.74 78.50

VoidsinMineralAggregate,VMA(%) 16.86 16.93 17.43 1794. VoidsFilledwithBitumen,VFB(%) 62.35 68.43 70.35 72.00 AirVoids,% 5.23 4.67 4.40 4.20 Stability,kg 1769 1890 1890 1935 FlowValue,mm 3.54 3.80 4.10 3.90.

Table 5.0: MarshallStabilityTestresultsfor7%WPB

Bitumen Content

5.43% 5.70% 5.87%

SpecificGravityofBitumen 1.10 1.10 1.10 Density(g/cc) 2.74 2.56 2.32

SpecificGravityofAggregateBlend 2.30 2.30 2.30 VolumeofBitumen,Vb(%) 11.75 11.93 12.30 VolumeofAggregate,Va (%) 79.70 79.86 80.43

VoidsinMineralAggregate,VMA(%) 14.43 14.80 15.13

VoidsFilledwithBitumen,VFB(%) 78.70 79.42 78.70 AirVoids,% 3.10 2.93 3.20 Stability,kg 2143 2321 2567

FlowValue,mm 4.12 4.75 4.31

Table 5.0: MarshallStabilityTestresultsfor7%WPB

Bitumen Content

5.43% 5.70% 5.87%

SpecificGravityofBitumen 1.0 1.0 1.0 Density(g/cc) 2.93 2.53 2.47

SpecificGravityofAggregateBlend 2.30 2.30 2.30

VolumeofBitumen,Vb(%) 11.94 12.01 12.30 VolumeofAggregate,Va(%) 80.37 81.00 82.35

VoidsinMineralAggregate,VMA(%) 14.23 14.34 15.45

VoidsFilledwithBitumen,VFB(%) 79.87 81.45 81.55

AirVoids,% 3.56 3.67 3.45 Stability,kg 2345 2458 3678

FlowValue,mm 4.21 4.34 4.41

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DeterminationofoptimumbindercontentAfterperformingMarshallStabilityTest,theoptimumbindercontentwas knowntobe5.70%.Thequantityofbitumeninaccordancetoitspercentagewascalculatedas72grams.

4.4 : Marshall Stability Test results for Control Mix, mix with various percentages ofAnti-stripping chemical, mix with 7% WPB of different Freeze Thaw cycles.

Table6.0: RetainedMarshallStabilityTestresultsforControlMix,mixwithvariouspercentagesofAnti-strippingchemical, mixwith7%WPBat5.67%Bitumencontent

Parameters 0.5% 0.75% 1%

Anti-stripping chemical Control mix WPB (7%)

SpecificGravityof Bitumen 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10

Density(g/cc) 2.309 2.310 2.314 2.348 2.287

SpecificGravityof AggregateBlend 2.30 2.30 2.70 2.70 2.70

VolumeofBitumen,Vb(%) 11.93 11.73 12.30 12.30 12.43

VolumeofAggregate,Va(%) 80.20 80.73 81.21 81.21 82.30

VoidsinMineral Aggregate,VMA(%) 12.31 12.18 12.62 12.86 14.34

VoidsFilledwith Bitumen,VFB(%) 82.21 81.42 84.21 78.21 83.34

AirVoids,% 1.23 1.81 1.52 4.21 2.63 RetainedMarshall Stability,kg 2321 2339 2357 1781 2423

FlowValue,mm 4.34 4.97 4.82 3.4 3.71

Table 7.0: MarshallStabilityTestresultsforControlMix,mixwithvariouspercentagesofAnti-strippingchemical,mix with7%WPBafter3and7repeatedFreezeThawcycles.

3 Repeated Freeze Thaw Cycles. 7 Repeated Freeze Thaw Cycles.

Parameters

Anti-stripping chemical Controlmix WPB7% Anti-stripping chemical ControlmixWPB7% 0.5% 0.75% 0.5% 0.75%

SpecificGravityofBitumen 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 Density(g/cc) 2.41 2.43 2.34 2.32 2.21 2.31 2.28 2.27

SpecificGravityofAggregateBlend 2.30 2.30 2.70 2.30 2.30 2.30 2.70 2.30

VolumeofBitumen,Vb(%) 11.92 11.87 11.86 12.21 11.67 11.56 11.86 12.47

VolumeofAggregate,Va(%) 81.62 81.96 82.91 82.30 81.96 82.60 82.46 82.23

VoidsinMineralaggregate,VMA(%) 13.36 12.35 12.45 15.67 13.45 12.93 12.76 12.74

VoidsFilledwithBitumen, VFB(%) 83.21 84.21 76.81 83.74 82.34 89.21 76.78 83.76

AirVoids,% 1.99 1.74 4.34 2.63 2.21 1.78 4.75 2.45 Stability,kg 1482 1658 1368 2342 1202.7 1368 1007 2003

FlowValue,mm 2.92 2.78 2.65 3.4 2.72 2.63 2.55 3.1

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After being exposed to 3 Repetitive Freeze Thaw cycles, the control mix exhibited stability values around 73% ofthe Standard value, the mix with 0.5% & 0.75% anti-striping chemical showed stability values around 77% and 80% respectively, whereas the mix with 7%WPB showed stability values higher than 85% of the standard value.While being exposedto7RepetitiveFreezeThawcycles,thecontrol mixexhibitedstabilityvaluesaround53% oftheStandardvalue, themixwith0.5%&0.75%anti-stripingchemicalshowedstabilityvaluesaround60%and65%respectively,whereasthe mix with 7%WPB showed stability values higher than 73% of the standard value.Also, the mix with 7% WPB after 7 repetitiveFreezeThawcyclesexhibitedsimilarstabilityvaluesasshownby Controlmixwith5.67%bitumenunderideal conditions.

5.0. Conclusions

The mixes with 7% WPB have more sturdiness and Strength as compared to the mixes with each control and mixes containinganti-strippingchemical.Also,WPBmixesarefineascomparedwiththetraditionalbitumensubstancesdueto the supply and abundance of waste plastic bag. It became located that manage mix subjected to repeated Freeze Thaw cycleslosesgreaterthan50%ofitsauthenticstrength;asaresult,amendmenttothemixshouldbedonevia additionof 7%WPBwhichcontributedinimprovingtheelectricityofthemixture.Themixeswith7%WPBat7Freezethawingcycles revealsbalancevaluesmuchlikethatof manage blend underperfectconditions. Thus,itisable to beconcludedthat7% WPBshouldbeaddedtothemixturefortheapplicationinlow-temperatureregion.

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:2395-0056

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