Real time Health Monitoring using the Embedded Sensors of Mobile Phone

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Real time Health Monitoring using the Embedded Sensors of Mobile Phone

1M.Tech Student, Electrical Department, Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute, Matunga, India

2Professor, Electrical Department, Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute, Matunga, India 3R&D Engineer, A3 Remote Monitoring Technologies Pvt Ltd , India 4Senior R&D Engineer, A3 Remote Monitoring Technologies Pvt Ltd , India ***

Abstract - Now-a-days, one of the most important device in our lives is a mobile phone. It is a robust computing platform with a variety of sensors. Embedded sensors have a variety of applications, including environmental monitoring, social media, safety, and healthcare. Mobile technologies, which have ingrained themselves into our lives, can better integrate health care into our daily lives. The goal of this project is to create a mobile health monitoring system that collects health data using the embedded sensors in mobile phones. Additionally, this device transmits data to a cloud server, where it is immediately accessible to medical professionals. Individuals will benefit from this system as they go about their daily lives and monitor their health

Key Words: Global Positioning System , Fall detection , Step counting , Embedded Sensor.

1. INTRODUCTION

Rapid improvements in healthcare services and low-cost wireless connectivity over the recent years have made it mucheasiertodealwiththeissueoffewerhealthproviders. Nowadays,aperson'smobilephoneorsmartphoneistheir primary means of communication. Mobile phones can currentlycommunicatewirelesslyviaavarietyofmethods (GSM, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and others). It enables both the developmentofnewhealthcareservicesandapplicationsas well as the integration of mobile phones into already availablehealthcareservices.

The fact that modern mobile phones come with strong embeddedsensors,includingamicrophone,accelerometer, camera,andothers,determineswhethertheyareacceptable for use in healthcare. There have been studies of mobile phonesensingapplications, forinstance,in[1]anumberof industries,includingashealthcare,socialnetworks,safety, environmentalmonitoring,andtransportation.Thisstudyis concerned with the healthcare industry. Previously, occasional doctor visits have been the main source of information for personal healthcare. The ability to gather data from sensor-enabled phones has the potential to fundamentally alter how healthcare is assessed and provided.Recently,e-healthhastakenuseofhowpervasive mobiletechnologyaretohelppeopletracktheirsymptoms andreceivetreatment.

The system proposed is to develop a monitoring system using embedded sensors of Mobile devices. It assists in keepingtrackofcrucialbodilyindicatorsliketemperature, SpO2,andNIBP.Additionally,users'stepcountsandfallsare detected. Data collected by sensors is kept in a database, afterwhichitisdisplayedintrendgraphs.Theyprovideyou withagraphshowingthetrendofyourhealthparameters overtime.Additionally,thisdevicetransmitsdatatoacloud server, where it is immediately accessible to medical professionals.

2. MOBILE PHONE SENSORS IN HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS

Themobilephonesnowadaysareequippedwithavarietyof sensors.Thesesensorsenabletheactiveandpassivesensing ofvarioushealthstatesandcharacteristics.Theinformation gathered by the smartphone sensors can occasionally be combinedwithdataondeviceusage,includingcalllogs,app usage,andshortmessagingservice(SMS)trends,toprovide importantdetailsaboutaperson'sphysicalandmentalhealth overtime. Thissectionexaminesvariousintegratedphone sensorsareutilizedinhealthapplicationsandhowtheyare handled.Thevarioussensorsare:

1. Camera

Imagesandvideosaboutapatientcanbeprovidedthrough thecamerasensoronamobilephone,whichisvaluablefor applications like remote medical consultation. Teledermatology is a more significant instance of mobile devicecamerauseinhealthcareservices,wherethedoctor uses photos of the patient's skin to make a diagnosis. A remotedoctor'sadvice,whichisutilizedforteleconsultation is one example of a different sort of medical consultation employing a mobile phone camera [2]. Such applications reduce the overall frequency of patient visits to medical facilities,whichultimatelyimproveshealthcare.

2. Microphone

A microphone sensor is utilized in healthcare for communication.Themicrophonecanalsobeusedtogauge how a patient is feeling. For instance, it has been proven effectiveforindividualswithmyotonicsyndrome,adisease

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

marked by sluggish muscular relaxation[3]. The voice recognitioncapabilitiesofsmartphonesarehighlyaccurate. Themicrophonecanbeusedbyappsasasensortorecord audioandthenanalyzethesignal.

3. Accelerometer

The primary use of accelerometers in the healthcare industryistomonitorapatient'slevelofphysicalactivity.It isimportantsinceithelpslowerthechanceofdevelopinga variety of chronic conditions. An accelerometer measures appropriate acceleration, which is the acceleration that peopleandobjectsexperiencerelativetofreefall.

4. Gyroscope

Agyroscopesensorisadevicethatcanmeasureandkeep track of an object's orientation and angular velocity. Comparedtoaccelerometers,thesearemoremodern.While accelerometers can only monitor linear motion, they can measure the tilt and lateral orientation of the item. The angleatwhichsomeonefallsismeasuredusingagyroscope, whichessentiallyaidsinthefalldetectionofelderlypeople.

5. Magnetometer

Yourphone'sorientationinrelationtothemagneticfieldof theearthisdetectedbyamagnetometer.Asitenablesyour phone to recognize directions and modify the map appropriately, this sensor is crucial to navigation and compassapps.

6. Global Positioning System

GPSisanantenna-equippedsensorthatassistsinnavigation. It continuously receives satellite signals that are used to determinethelocationanddistancetravelledbyyourphone. GPSandmagnetometerarebothusedbynavigationalapps todeterminelocationanddirection.Thesystemwilltrack, trace,monitor,andassistwithpatientcaresothateffective medicalservicesmaybeprovided givenattheappropriate moment.

7. Proximity Sensor

Without making physical contact, a proximity sensor can detectthepresenceofitemscloseby.Nearlyallsmartphones havethematthetopofthescreen.Thelightpassingthrough thissensorisinfrared. It recognizesandrespondsto each physicalthingthatcomesintocontactwiththislight.

8. Biometric Sensor

Theyarefrequentlyemployedforsecuritypurposes,identify people using bodily characteristics. Using physical characteristicsforidentityauthenticationoffersimproved protectionbecausetheyarespecifictoanindividual.Someof the biometric sensors in your smartphone includes

FingerprintScannerwhichwhen youplaceyourfingeron the scanner, a capacitive surface in the device generates electrical impulsesdependingon the ridgesofyourfinger andsecondisIrisSensorthisrecordsandrecognizesyour iris'spatternusinginfraredlightthatisundetectabletothe humaneye.

9. Atmospheric Sensor

Severalenvironmentalcharacteristicsofyourdevice,suchas atmosphericpressure,ambienttemperature,airhumidity, etc.,aredetectedbyatmosphericsensors.Theatmospheric sensors are the thermometer which monitors both the internal and external temperatures of the object. A barometer measures the atmospheric pressure in the immediate area. Sensors that detect air humidity these sensorsgaugethehumidityoftheairaroundyou.

3. PROPOSED WORK

Theproposedmonitoringsystemwithembeddedsensorsis presented in this section. Figure 1 displays the system architecture.Thethreemainpartsoftheproposedsystem are data collecting from sensors, data storage and display throughtrendgraphs,andreal-timedatatransmissiontoa cloudserverandthendevelopingamobileapplication.

Figure -1: System Architecture

Sensors such as accelerometer, gyroscope, gps, and magnetometerareusedtocollectthedata.Theinformation acquired from the sensor is then applied to user fall detection and step counting. We will also track vital signs like temperature, SpO2, and NIBP using this system. Data collectedbysensorsisenteredintoadatabaseanddisplayed usingtrendgraphs.furthermore,we'llseehowsensordata isgatheredandutilizedforstepcountingandfalldetection.

3.1 Step Counting Algorithm

In this firstly we obtain accelerometer data, including acceleration along the X, Y, and Z axis. Accelerometer sensor measures acceleration also monitors the acceleration caused by gravity. The sensor framework expresses data values using a conventional3-axiscoordinatesystem.

2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified



International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Thenobtainthe3-Daccelerationdata'smagnitude andgetthedifferenceinmagnitudefromprevious value[4]

continuouslymonitorstheuser.UsingaGPSsensor,the SMSprovidestheuser'scurrentlocation.

4 RESULTS



If value of difference is greater than particular thresholdvaluethencansaythereissomesudden changeandstepisdetected.

Thisishowwemeasuresteps,andagraphthatshowsthe user's daily, weekly, and monthly step counts may subsequentlybecreatedusingthisdataindevelopedmobile application

3.2 Fall Detection Algorithm



Initially we gather data from sensors such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers. The force of gravity is measured by the device's accelerationsensortogetherwithanyotherapplied acceleration.Thegyroscopecalculatesadevice'sx, y,andzaxis'srateofrotationinrad/s.

Resultsfromthestepcountingalgorithmproposedcanbe seeninTable1.Theresultsareencouraging,althoughonly twotothreestepsworthoferrorareseen.Trendgraphsare then used to illustrate the steps count collected from the suggestedalgorithm,asshowninChart1.

Table -1: Results from Step counting algorithm

Stepstaken Stepscountedbyalgorithm 50 48 125 124 100 97 80 79 140 138



Calculatetheorientationofthedevice.Youcankeep trackofadevice'spositioninrelationtotheframe of reference for the earth by determining the orientationofthedevice(specifically,themagnetic northpole).Thetechnologyusestheaccelerometer and geomagnetic field sensor of a device to calculatetheorientationangles.Thesystemoffers information for three orientation angles using thesetwohardwaresensors:azimuth(degreesof rotation about the -z axis), pitch (degrees of rotation about the x axis), and roll (degrees of rotationabouttheyaxis).



Usethegyroscopetoobtaintherotationvector.A rotationthatdescribesthechangeinanglesacross the timestamp is calculated by integrating the gyroscope'soutputovertime.

Chart -1: Steps Counter graph



The single magnitude vector will be created from the three-axis acceleration measured by the accelerometer. A method known as Signal Magnitude Vector (SMV) is used to calculate the values of the three axes (X, Y, and Z) in order to determineanaccelerometer'sthresholdvalue.



Whenauserfalls,theSMVwillcrossafixed-value thresholdvector,allowingustodetectthefall[6].

Themobileapplicationusedthefalldetectiondatathatwere derived from based algorithm obtained threshold values. Figure 2 depicts the main screen In order to display the users' current location as shown in Figure 3, the mobile application sends SMS detailing the users' location from Global Positioning System sensors on the smartphone. Additionally, we gathered the vital parameters for this applicationandgraphedthemasshowninFigure4.



Additionally,wecalculatethephone'sdegreeatthat moment; if it is greater than certain degrees, the userisregardedtobeindanger.

Additionally,thesystemsendsSMStomobilenumbers thatarestoredintheSQLitedatabase.Whentrackingis initiated, a service runs in the background and

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Figure-4: Vital Parameters trend graph

5. CONCLUSIONS

Inthispaper,wepresentaprototypeforahealthmonitoring systemformobilephonesthatusesembeddedsensorswith step counting and fall detection capabilities. Because so many people across the world currently own a mobile phone,themajorpurposeforusingtheminthehealthcare industry is to increase the quality and accessibility of healthcareservices.Anotherbenefitofusingmobilephonebasedhealthcaresolutionsisthattheycanlowerthecostof thoseservices.

6. REFERENCES

[1] N.Lane,E.Miluzzo,H.Lu,D.Peebles,T.Choudhury,and A.Campbell,“Asurveyofmobilephonesensing”,IEEE CommunicationsMagazine,pp.140150,Sep2010.DOI: 10.1109/MCOM.2010.5560598

[2] Snehal D. Nanhore, Mahip M. Bartere, “Mobile Phone Sensing System for Health Monitoring” , International JournalofScienceandResearch(IJSR),Volume2Issue4, April2013.

[3] ]K.MathanKumar,R.S.Venkatesan,“ADesignApproach to Smart Health Monitoring Using Android Mobile Devices”,IEEEInternationalConferenceonAdvanced Communication Control and Computing Technologies ,2014.DOI:10.1109/ICACCCT.2014.7019406

[4] Ms. Najme Zehra Naqvi, Dr. Ashwani Kumar, “Step Counting Using Smartphone-Based Accelerometer”, International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering(IJCSE),2014.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

[5] Esmeralda Kad¨ena, Lourdes Ruiz, “Adoption of biometricsinmobiledevices”,Conference:FIKUSZ2017 -SymposiumforYoungResearchers.

[6] Shih-Hau Fang, Yi-Chung Liang and Kuan-Ming Chiu, “Developing a Mobile Phone-based Fall Detection SystemonAndroidPlatform”,IEEE,2012-Computing, CommunicationsandApplicationsConference.

[7] Arkham Zahri Rakhmani, Lukito Edi Nugrohoi, Widyawani,Kurnianingsih,“FallDetectionSystemUsing AccelerometerandGyroscopeBasedonSmartphone” , 2014 International Conference on Information Technology,ComputerandElectricalEngineering.

[8] Guo-MingSung,Hsin-KwangWang,Wen-TaSu,“Smart Home Care System with Fall Detection Based on the AndroidPlatform”,2020IEEEInternationalConference onSystems,Man,andCybernetics(SMC)

[9] TraitotRungnapakan,ThippayaChintakovid,Pongpisit Wuttidittachotti, “Fall Detection Using Accelerometer, Gyroscope Impact Force Calculation on Android Smartphones” , The 4th ACM In Cooperation InternationalConferenceinHCIandUX,2018.

2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal