A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON DESIGN OF OPTIMAL WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS USING WATERGEMS AND EXCEL 365 SO

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON DESIGN OF OPTIMAL WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS USING WATERGEMS AND EXCEL 365

SOFTWARE FOR RURAL AREAS OF RAJASTHAN & UTTARAKHAND

1

Abstract - Water Distribution system these days are the basic requirement of a well-planned town and cities, without a proper Distribution system we could not achieve the goal of creating the perfect infrastructure for the people. Under this dissertation we will be focusing on studying the different present aspects of the distribution system and by comparing and assessing Topography for the plain and the hilly regions of the Uttarakhand and Rajasthan with respect to the water distribution system, methods to resolve the existing issues and creating models, designs and doing qualitative analysis of the numerous proposed treatment systems and methods discussed. Based on the existing distribution system of a town we can accumulate hydraulic data, digitized maps and topographical surveys that allows you to propose a higher distribution system with remedy plants based on our assessment. We will examine the topography of the study area and primarily based totally on the present situation an offer of full-fledged distribution network can be carried out for the plain regions and Hilly Areas which is selected primarily based totally at the comparative study of various pipe materials and hydraulic modelling of the proposed distribution network in conjunction with the guidelines set by the “CPHEE Manual”.

Key Words: WaterGems & Excel, Distribution System, Difference Between WaterGems & Excel Design Chart, Rajasthan & Uttarakhand Optimal Water Distribution Design, Hydraulic Modelling.

1.INTRODUCTION

Waterisanimportantnutrientandperformsakeyfunction withinsidethehumanbeing.Ahumancanliveonwithout mealsfornumerousweekshowevercan'tstaywithoutwater for more days. Water is an important requirement that's requiredtofeatureinourframefrommolecularandtissues, to important organs. A water distribution machine is an importantinfrastructurewithinsidethedeliveryofwater forhomeinadditiontobusinessuses.Itconnectsclientto reasserts of water, the usage of hydraulic aspect which includes pipes, valves, pumps and tanks. The number one intentionofallwaterdistributionmachineengineeristhe transportofwatertosatisfycallforonstressandquantity. Thisexamineisprimarilybasedtotallyatthewantofgetting a correctly deliberate and well-engineered distribution

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machinewithinsidetheruralregionsorthebeneathNeath evolvedregionsofthecountry.Asinlinewiththeprevailing scenariooccurringwithinsidetheruralandbeneathneath evolvedregionsofthecountry,wecanlocatethatmaximum of the populace there are disadvantaged of the simple sanitation facility like a right water distribution machine, sewageseriesmachine,toilets,wasteremedyanddisposal facility etc. A water distribution machine is part of water delivercommunitywithadditivesthatbringpotablewater from a centralized remedy plant or wells to water purchasers which will correctly supply water to meet residential, commercial, business and firefighting requirements. These simple facilities now no longer most effectiveofferwithhigherlifestylesrequirementshowever additionallyprovidetheexpertiseofnownolongerlosing thesurroundingsandtopreserveit.

The subject matter for this examines is “A Comparative Study on Design of Optimal Water Distribution Systems Using Water GEMS and Excel 365 Software for Rural Areas of Rajasthan & Uttarakhand”. The examiner will consciousnessontheprevailingtroublesconfrontedthrough thehumanbeingsresidingwithinsidetheruralandbeneath neath evolved regions due to the absence or a negative functioning distribution machine and additionally informationtheexclusivelayoutstandardsandelementsto be taken into consideration for designing a distribution machine in a simple and Hilly region. To do a majority of thesecalculationsandobservationswecanbeanalyzingthe factsthatwe'vegotreceivedfortheprojectedvicinity(like topography,populaceetc.)andprimarilybasedtotallyatthe Indian requirements and the CPHEEO Manual we can be designingafull-fledgedcommunitymachineprimarilybased totally at the call for that we can be calculating through projecting the populace of the projected vicinity and additionally relying at the cultural and social factor of the projectedvicinity

1.1 MOTIVATION OF PRESENT STUDY

Providingsufficientwaterofsuitableexcellentandamount has been one of the maximum critical troubles in human history.Peoplestartedtomovewaterfromdifferentplaces to their communities. For example, the Romans built

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aqueducts to supply water from distant sources to their communities. The reason of distribution machine is to supply water to customer with suitable excellent, amount and pressure. Distribution machine is used to explain togetherthecentersusedtodeliverwaterfromitssupplyto thefactorofusage.Rapidlygrowingpopulacehasbrought aboutthewantformoderntechniquestomanipulateawater delivermachine.Therearemanyruralandunderdeveloped regions which aren't supplied with simple services of lifestyleslikewaterdeliver,andthattheyhavejourneysome distance to accumulate the ingesting water which is additionally now no longer of good enough excellent as prescribedwithinsidethestandards.Allthoseelementsare theactualmotivationinthebackofourlookatandtheactual causewhywewantafull-fledgeddistributionmachineand thattoooftheappropriatenatureandadditionallytotrain thehumanswhywewantafull-fledgeddistributionmachine duetothefactthenotunusual placehumansarethefinal purchasersofthosecenters.Tocatertherequirementofthe destiny era and populace it's miles essential to lay out a superiorandreasonabledistributionnetwork.

1.2 SCOPE OF PRESENT STUDY

Watermainsnetworkdemonstratingpropelsareessential for water industry. There must utilize demonstrating improvementtoupgradetheprecisionofwatermainsmodel supportandadjustment.Thiscanofferapathwaytoongoing andnearconstantfunctionaldemonstratingsupport.Inview oftheaboveconversation,theextentofthereviewisasper thefollowing: ▪

Similar Assessment of proposed network in plain regionandslopingregion ▪

PlanningofformatofwatersupplyNetwork

Arrangementofgoaltodetermineexistingcondition

PressuredrivenModelingofproposednetwork

Evaluation of existing facility network inside the projectedregion

Populationestimatingandrequestexamination

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF PRESENT STUDY

Understanding the designing situation for the Plain regionsandHillyAreaswhicharen'tthesame,thereare numerous layout issues that are stored to be in thoughtsevenasdesigningasimpleplacedistribution communityandaHillyplacecommunity. ▪

The important layout standards to be made for such community is to pick the pipe diameter and pipe material. Larger the diameter, higher is the provider howeverthenagainwillnownolongerbeeconomical.

▪

Notonlytolayoutaneffectivebutadditionallyacheap waterdeliverscheme. ▪

Tolayoutofmostsuitablewaterdistributionsystemthe usageofwaterGems ▪

Doingacomparativeevaluationofdistributionnetwork layoutinPlainAreasandHillyAreas.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

With the increasing population and demand of basic amenities like water supply distribution network has led manyresearchersandscholarstodoresearchstudiesonthe different aspects of the infrastructure need, different methodologiesandequipment’sthroughoutdifferentcourse oftime.Someofwhicharementionedbelowthatarehelpful tounderstandthebasicconceptbehindthisthesis.

2.1 Analysis of Existing WaterDistribution Network by Using Water GEMS A Case Study of Rajkot City, 2018

Rajkothasbeenselectedasthestudyareainthisliterature review. Rajkot is located within side the center of the peninsular Saurashtra in central plains of Gujarat State of WesternIndiaatatopof138mabovemeansealevel.The Water distribution network performs important role in providing water to end user. Water GEMS is hydraulic modelingsoftwarewhichisusedforanalysisanddesignof water distribution network. The end result obtained confirmed that the pressure at all junction and the flows withtheirvelocitiesinanyrespectpipesareviablesufficient toprovideadequatewatertothenetworkofstudyplace.The stopendresultwillassisttorecognizethepipelinessystem of the look at place in a higher way. At the end of the analysis,itturnedintolocatedthattheresultingpressureat allnodesandtheflowswith theirvelocitiesareenoughto offertothelookatplace(VirjibhaiVaghela&Bhagat,2018).

3. METHODOLOGY

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Village Lalpura (Block – Arthoona District-Banswara -Rajasthan.

We have selected Village Lalpura of Block Arthoona District Banswara Rajasthan as study area for simple locationandVillageLalpuraasstudylocationforPlain location.Amostbeneficialandpowerfuldesignwillbe completedtheusageof WaterGEMS software program together with the comparative evaluation of those regions.

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Village Devipura (Block – Kotabagh District- Nainital Uttrakhand

We have selected Village Devipura of Block Kotabagh Nainital district for our study. The Nainital district

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incorporates of 8 Blocks. (Betel Ghat, Bhimtal, Dhari, Haldwani,Kotabagh,OkhalkandaRamgarh&Ramnagar).Out ofwhichafewarecategorizedinsimpleregionsandmorein hillylocation. Amostbeneficialandpowerfuldesignwillbe completed the usage of Excel 365 software program togetherwiththecomparativeevaluationofthoseregions. Underthecurrentscenario,theexistingdistributionsystem consists of PVC and AC pipes that are between 25 and 30 yearsold.AccordingtotheCPHEEOmanual,itslifespanhas expired. In addition, the existing pipes have a very small diameterandproblemswithleaks,sotheexistingnetworkis notrobustandcouldnotmeetthefuturewaterdemandand theresidualpressurecriteria

Considering the general coverage of the project area, meetingthefuturewaterdemandandthedesiredresidual pressure, it is necessary to design a new piping network systemforourprojectarea.

ThecensusdatawascollectedfromDistrictCensusManual, DehradunDistrictfrom1971to2011.Thecensuspopulation ofthevillagesisgivenbelow:

Note:-Thecensuspopulationdatahasbeencollectedfrom theDistrictCensusHandbook,DistrictBanswara&Nainital fromyear1971to2011.TheGraphicalrepresentationofthe populationdatahasbeendepictedintheformofBarchart forboththevillagesbelow:

Chart -2:DevipuraCensusPopulation

Wewillusedifferenttechnicalformulasforthepopulation forecast.The projected populationis used tocalculatethe base year, intermediate year, and planning year water requirements that are used to design our optimized distributionnetwork.Afteranalyzingthegrowthpatternof the village, the appropriate method for our design area is selected.

ThevariousMethodsareasfollows:1) ArithmeticalIncreaseMethod 2) GeometricalIncreaseMethod 3) IncrementalIncreaseMethod 4) GraphicalMethod

Taking a gander at the development pattern of the village and per the CPHEEO Manual, Geometrical Increase method is the most ideal for the population projection of thesevillage.

Theprojectedpopulationsforboththevillagesaregiven below:

Arrangement & Necessity of the Project:

ThevillageLalpuraofGramPanchayatOra,BlockArthoona, District Banswara is benefitted with Hand Pump Scheme. The existing water supply system does not fulfill requirementsofJJMinprovidingwatersupplythroughFHTC toeachHH@55lpcdwithaminimumterminalpressureof 7m.Accordinglythisproposalisbeingpreparedtoprovide

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suitablewatersupplysysteminthisvillagetomeetabove objective.DetailedHydrogeologicalinvestigationshavebeen carried out to identify suitable Ground Water source to providerequiredquantityofpotablewater. There are no existing data of Devipura village of Nainital district.BecauseriverandGadherasourcewaterwasused

5. Topographical Analysis

Topography canbedescribed as thestudy ofthedifferent properties and types of earth's surfaces. Topography is a field of earth science and planetary technology and is concerned with local detail in general, including not only relief but also natural and man-made features and even nearby records and culture. The topography of the time comes particularly from historical Greece, which is of importancebecauseofthespecialdescriptionoftheplace. The main goal of the topography is the approximate knowledgeofthecoordinatesystemoftheprojectarea.By coordinates wemeantheexactlongitudeandlongitudeof the region and also roughly understand the positions of featuresthatareinourprojectarea.Atopographicalsurvey canbecarriedoutforseveralreasons:thedevelopmentof militaryplansandgeologicalexplorationhavebeenthemain motivators for initiating surveying programs, but the particular information about the characteristics of the terrain and the surface is essential for the planning and construction of major civil engineering, public works or reclamation projects. Another important component of topographical analysis is understanding G.L. (Ground Elevations).Itisthemostimportantandcriticalcomponent to take care of as it determines the slope of the area, the locationsofthewatercomponentsliketheuppertank,pump andtreatmentunits etc.Anotherfundamentalelement for thewatersupplyprojectisthesource.Asthesourceforour water supply project, we have chosen an open well/pipe well/Gadhera.

6. HYDRAULIC DESIGN RESULTS OF WATER NETWORK

In the water distribution design, we've got to check the numerous constraints and requirements made by the CPHEEOforwaternetworkdesign.TheHeadlossgradient has been kept much less than 4.0 m/Km. For velocity we foundoutthatafewpointswecouldn'tgaintheminimum self-cleaningvelocity.Thosepipesaretheendpointsorend pipeswhereinminimalvelocitybecamenotdoneduetothe minimum pipe diameter constrain. However, the minimal residualpressureof7.0mhasbeenmaintainedatallofthe end points as inkeeping with theCPHEEOmanual andJal Jeevanmissionguidelines.

6.1 Sizing Calculations

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5.2 Difference Between WaterGems, Excel Design Chart Parameters

Table-4: WaterGemsDesignChart-PipeDetails

Distribution System

Hydraulic Modelling Results for Pipe Table

Village Name: LALPURA, Panchayat Name: ORA, Block Name: Arthoona

Label Start Node Stop Node Material Diamete r (mm) Flow (Absolute) (m³/day)

P-1 J-1

PROPOSE D_OHSR_ LALPURA _100KL_1 8m

Length (Scaled) (m)

HazenWilliams C

Headl oss (m)

Headlos s Gradien t (m/km)

Velocit y (m/s)

HD/P 112.3 597.6 37 145 0.16 4.47 0.6983

P-2 J-1 J-2 HD/P 97.5 593.2 14 145 0.13 8.774 0.9196 P-3 J-2 J-3 HD/P 80.9 291.8 133 145 0.78 5.853 0.657 P-4 J-3 J-4 DI/P 100 280.5 92 140 0.19 2.067 0.4133 P-5 J-2 J-13 HD/P 80.9 277.8 324 145 1.73 5.344 0.6254 P-6 J-4 J-5 HD/P 80.9 268.8 141 145 0.71 5.027 0.6051

P-7 J-6 J-5 HD/P 80.9 259.0 54 145 0.25 4.693 0.5831 P-8 J-10 J-6 HD/P 67.3 215.1 203 145 1.65 8.157 0.6998 P-9 J-8 J-10 HD/P 67.3 167.2 555 145 2.84 5.115 0.5439 P-10 J-13 J-20 HD/P 67.3 155.1 606 145 2.70 4.449 0.5045

Table-5: WaterGemsDesignChart-Junction,Pressure

Distribution System

Hydraulic Modelling Results for Junction Table

Village Name : LALPURA, Panchayat Name : ORA, Block Name : Arthoona

Label Elevation (m) Demand (m³/day) Hydraulic Grade (m) Pressure (m H2O) J-1 189.50 4.41 208.14 18.59 J-2 188.71 23.64 208.01 19.25 J-3 186.16 11.32 207.23 21.02 J-4 184.37 11.71 207.04 22.61 J-5 181.32 9.77 206.33 24.95 J-6 179.12 28.38 206.08 26.89 J-7 171.12 36.66 200.90 29.70 J-8 171.51 38.93 201.59 30.01 J-9 171.81 34.00 202.71 30.83 J-10 173.19 42.97 204.42 31.16

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Table-6: ExcelDesignChart

BFG_J G Outlet 854.858 855.458 -0.600 BFG_( Outlet) SM

SCC_J G (Inlet)

BFG_J G Outlet-SCC_J G (Inlet)

10 0 136 14685 0 0.740 25 0.74 14685 0.346 13.241 0.132 854.726 852.699 2.027 2.159 SM

SCC_J G (Outlet) 854.499 852.699 1.800 SCC_( Outlet) SM

CWR_1 (Inlet)

SCC_J G (Outlet)-CWR_1 (Inlet)

1150 0 136 14685 0 0.740 25 0.74 14685 0.346 13.241 15.227 839.272 821.56 17.713 32.940 SM CWR_1 (Outlet) 820.959 821.56 -0.600 CWR_ (Outlet ) SM

820.959 821.559 -0.600 CWR DS 1 CWR_1 (Outlet)-1 300 0 136 44056 0 0.74 32 0.74 44056 0.634 29.5 8.850 812.109 785.225 26.884 35.734

JP DS

HC DS 4 781.193

39.227 JP DS 4A 4--4A 52 0 9 2915 0 0.74 20 0.74 2915 0.1074 2.075 0.108 781.085 770.123 10.962 29.643 JP DS 7 4A--7 144 9 9 2915 0 0.74 20 0.74 2915 0.1074 2.075 0.299 780.894

26.426 45.298 HC DS 4A 781.085 770.123

29.643 JP DS 8 4A--8 478 14 14 4535 0 0.74 20 0.74 4535 0.167 4.6177 2.207 778.878 706.792 72.086 74.293 HC DS PeakFactorForSupplymain PeakFactorForDistribution

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6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

6.1 Selection of pipe material

Thereareexceptionalpipematerialsavailableforthepiped water supply scheme. However, it is necessary to take suitable and judicious selection approximately the pipe material choice because the main project cost and its performance depends upon the pipe material. As we're discussingapproximatelytheplainlocationandhillyregions topographicalsituationsinourthesis,inorderperCPHEEO manual and exceptional practical situations, For Plain regionswe'vegotdecidedonHDPEpipe(Class-PE100PN 10) for the distribution system for the lower diameter as much as 100mm that is to be laid withinside the colonies because of the reduced price and capabilities likes portability,flexibilityandcleantransportationadditionally noheavytrafficisanticipatedincoloniesandforthebigger diameter150mmandabove,we'vegotdecidedonDI(Class K-7)thatistobelaidonmainroadsandgoingtobehandle theheavytrafficloads.

6.2 Service reservoir

Differentcontrollingdeviceswhicharecitedwithinsideour networklikeSluicevalve,scourvalve,airvalveandpressure releasevalve.However,themaximumimportantcontrolling device utilized in our assignment for the hilly regions is pressure release valve. Due to the hilly topography, the distinctionamongtheminimumandmaximumelevationis round100m,whichmaybeverybigforanyprojectandalso inflictingtheveryexcessiveterminalpressuresontheend pointswhichwanttobecontrolled.Hencepressurerelease valveisusedtomanipulatethispressure.Theyaresetupon thedistinctiveplaceswhenthepressureofnetworkturned into going excessive. It worked as consistent with its mechanismandhelpedinmaintainingthenominalpressure withinside the distribution network. However, this valve isn'tneededintheplainregion.

6.3 Appurtenances

Thereareexceptionalpipematerialsavailableforthepiped water supply scheme. However, it is necessary to take suitable and judicious selection approximately the pipe material choice because the main project cost and its performance depends upon the pipe material. As we're discussingapproximatelytheplainlocationandhillyregions topographicalsituationsinourthesis,inorderperCPHEEO manual and exceptional practical situations, For Plain regionswe'vegotdecidedonHDPEpipe(Class-PE100PN 10) for the distribution system for the lower diameter as much as 100mm that is to be laid withinside the colonies because of the reduced price and capabilities likes portability,flexibilityandcleantransportationadditionally noheavytrafficisanticipatedincoloniesandforthebigger diameter150mmandabove,we'vegotdecidedonDI(Class

K-7)thatistobelaidonmainroadsandgoingtobehandle theheavytrafficloads.

7. CONCLUSIONS

Depending on our complete study we got here to see that there is want of getting an effectively planned and wellengineereddistributionsystemwithinsidetheruralareasor thebelowdevelopedareasofthecountry.Variousapplicable information like existing available infrastructure, census data of last five decades, population projections, choice of pipe material, numerous designs constrain are all of the componentsofplanningfortheefficientwaterdistribution network. These simple amenities not handiest offer with higherlifestylesrequirementshoweveradditionallyprovide the knowledge of not wasting the environment and to preserveit.Theobservehastargetedonthepresentissues faced through the humans living withinside the rural and below developed regions due to the absence or a poor functioningdistributionsystemandadditionallyknow-how theexceptionaldesigncriteriaandelementstobetakeninto considerationfordesigningadistributionsysteminasimple andHillyregion.

Referring to Chapter 5 “Results and Discussion” we've mentioned approximately the pipe material choice as in keepingwiththeapparentareasandhillyregions.Relevant pipe material having their personal advantages and economicalasinkeepingwiththesitesituationshavebeen decided on. The storage reservoir is also selected as in keeping with the site situations and numerous appurtenancesorcontrollingdeviceshadbeenusedtomake ourdistributioncommunitysystemefficient.Forusobserve theCPHEEOManualonWatersupplyandTreatment&Jal Jeevan mission guidelines are the maximum important record which gave us the design requirements and parameters,necessarytobeobservedwhichoffersaclear idea approximately the design of numerous components whichmightbeinvolvedinourstudyduringthecomplete processofthehydraulicdesign.

The main focus of our study became to evaluate the numerous designparameterswithinsidetheplainandthe hilly regions, understating the numerous demanding situationsfacedforthedurationofthedesignandtoresolve them following an appropriate method of hydraulic evaluation and design to offer the ones areas with higher waterdistributionsystemthatmayhelptheareatoobtain balanceandsustainability.

REFERENCES

1) VirjibhaiVaghela,P.,&Bhagat,S.S.(2018).Analysisof Existing Water Distribution Network by Using Watergems: a Case Study of Rajkot City. 1–5. www.ijaresm.net

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Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

2) Hooda,N.,&Damani,O.(2017).ASystemforOptimal DesignofPressureConstrainedBranchedPipedWater Networks. Procedia Engineering, 186, 349–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.03.21

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6) Ashwini Patil, Aishwarya Suryavanshi1, Hemali Mahajan2, Akshay Jadhav3, Rameshwar Gore (2019) Design of Water Supply Scheme of Bhugaon Village, Mulshi,Pune.

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8) VinodKotharia,SumanVijb,SuneshKumarSharmac, NehaGupta(2020)Correlationofvariouswaterquality parameters and water quality index of districts of Uttarakhand.

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