Real Time Multi Parameter Monitoring in Smart Aquaponic IoT

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Real Time Multi Parameter Monitoring in Smart Aquaponic IoT

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Abstract - Aquaponic system is modern way of farming in which multi domain farming is feasible. The fish farming requires typical water content analysis and time to time maintenance for better health of fishes. Along with feeding intervals water cleaning is important factor that affects fish health. The chicken farming in poultry is concerned with its own timely monitoring tasks in which feeding and waste cleaning is important factor. The soil-less plant growing has been new method of crop cultivation in which nutrient contents are directly feed to plants. The waste outcome from fish tank, and poultry farm can be given directly to the plants which is concentrated nutrient content.Theaquaponicsystem proposed in this paper with the use of multi parameter monitoring sensors show easy cultivation method whichhelps to maintain and grow fish, chicken and plants altogether. The system shows efficient outcomeintermsofcultivationmethod.

Key Words: Smart Aquaponic system, Soilless crop, Chicken Coop Automation, Fish Tank Automation, Web interface

I .INTRODUCTION

Cropsareplantedutilizingchemicalfertilizersandpesticides in agriculture due to rising population. Different diseases, suchascancer,haveresultedasaresultofthis.Asaresult, countriessuchastheUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdom,and Japan have prohibited the use of such fertilizers and pesticidesinfavorofresidue-freefarming,dubbed"Organic Farming." As a result, organic farming is the way of the futureintheagriculturalarea.Theproposedefforthelpsto fixsoilandnaturalfooddifficultieswhilealsobringingthe naturalagebackbecauseeverythingusedtobenaturalyears ago.Aquaponics,a mixofaquacultureandhydroponics,is the suggested system. Aquaculture is concerned with the productionoffish,whilehydroponicsisconcernedwiththe cultivationofplantswithouttheuseofsoilbysupplyingthe necessarynutrients.Inanaquaponicsystem,morefishfeed could produce ammonia. Because bacteria eat down ammonia and convert it to nitrates, it is hazardous to fish growth.Thiswillbeusedasafertilizerontheplants.Hens will be utilized as a by product, and their wastes will be used to fertilize plants. As a result, the fish tank does not requireanyadditionaliron.Everythingwillbekeptinorder by this system. Sensors in the IoT domain can monitor temperature, humidity, pH factor, total dissolved solids,

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dissolvedoxygen,and water level.Sunlight,artificial light, feedingcontrollers,andwaterpumpswillallbeturnedonor offautomatically.AllparameterswillbeshownonanLCD, and a mobile app will be created for it. The Arduino microcontroller is used to build the entire system. As a result,itnotonlyprovidesorganiccropsbutalsothreesorts ofyields:fish,vegetables,andhens,allwhileusingminimal fertilizersandwater(eggs)

II. LITERATURE SURVEY

[1]illustratesamodernaquaponicsysteminwhichRPacts as a back office for all data in an enterprise, as well as an integrated and always-up-to-date view of important businessactivities.ERPprovidesIoTonthecloud,however itisbasedontransactiondataandlacksdataanalyticsand adaptability.Identifyingcorecausesandbuildingthebasis for future actions can provide insight into the IoT. ERP benefitsfromreal-timeagility,flexibility,andpredictability thanks to cloud-based IoT. [1] Traditional farming is depending on soil quality, climate conditions, chemical fertilisers, pesticides, and water, among other things. Aquaponics is used to address traditional farming issues. Thecombinationofaquaculturewithhydroponicsisknown as aquaponics. Hydroponics is concerned with providing nutrients for the development of soilless plants, whereas aquacultureisconcernedwiththeraisingoffish.Aquaponics willbeemployedtoprovidethecountrywithnaturalfood. Humans will benefit from an aquaponics system that provides both fish and plants. In an Aquaponics system, waterisreused,takinguplessspaceandprovidingnatural foodtotheuser.UsingIoTtechnologyandsensorssuchas pH, temperature, humidity, dissolved solvents, and water level sensors, aquaponics may be managed and regulated automatically.Formonitoring,NodeMCUandArduinoUNO areutilized.Thistechnology canbeutilizedtoconstruct a systemthatisbothindoorandoutdoor.Inthisarrangement, thesumptank,fishtank,andgrowbedarealllayeredontop of one other. The sun mica sheet with holes for grow box fitting is placed over the last grow bed. Plant seeds are grownintoseedlingsinaspongewithwater.Fishfoodwill be provided to the tank's inhabitants in order to aid their development.Pipeswereusedtohelp.Thefishwillexcrete someextract,whichwillsettleinthetank.Thiswastewater will flow into the sump tank, where it will be cycled by a motortotheplantsonthegrowbed.Thesumptank'sclay

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

plates will aid in the storage of some water [2]. Contributionstoaquacultureandhydroponicsresearchare increasing, attracting the attention of academics and practitioners. The project's ultimate purpose is to gain competenceinbiologicalandelectricalengineeringsothat aquaponicgrowthcanbeusedasalong-termfoodsource. The author combines aquaponics experts' technical knowledge of automation, IoT, and smart systems with automation experts' understanding of the biological processesthatoccurinaquaponicsystems.Creatingalink between scaled-up aquaponics systems and commercial viabilitywillhelpthefieldadvancefaster[3].

Because agricultural output is dwindling as a result of shrinkingland,landandwater-savingtechnologies,together with a wide variety of vegetables, are essential for maximising yield. Aquaponics is a type of sustainable agriculturethatblendsaquacultureandhydroponicsinone environment. This water planting material provides nutrientstoplantswhilealsofilteringthewater.Toretrieve data,sensorswereinstalledintheaquaponicssystem.Data can be transferred to the Ubuntu IoT Cloud server over a real-time internet network. The ultrasonic sensor had a measurementsuccessrateof99.94%,thepHsensorhada measurementsuccessrateof92.35%,andthetemperature sensor had a measurement success rate of 97.91%, according to the data. Plant and fish growth on the smart aquaponicsystemrunsfrom25to30degreesCelsius,with pond water pH between 7 and 7.5 and fish feeding three timesaday[4]Thisalsoencouragesnewfarmersaswellas ordinary people to engage in healthy organic food production.Farmerswillbeabletomonitortheiraquaponic farmingfromanywhereusingtheAquaponicsmodel.This willalsoenhancetheirrevenueandcauseashiftintheirway of life. Aquaponic farming is simple to do. The value is detected by the microcontroller and displayed on a 16x2 LCD.Thiswill boostefficiency, development,productivity, andprofitabilitybycombiningaquaculturewithhydroponics farming.Thesametechniquecanbeusedbyfarmersinrural areastoreceiveinformationonfishandplantsviaSMS[5]

Aquaponics is a low-impact food production method that combines aquaculture and hydroponics to grow fish and cropswithouttheuseofsoil.Thefishandplant'ssymbiotic partnership is a low-cost symbiotic interaction. In an aquaponicsystem,fishwaste(ammonia)isfedtotheplant bed,whichactsasabio-filter,absorbingthenitraterequired forfloradevelopment.Thecycleisthenrepeatedbyrefilling the fish tank with fresh water. An aquaponic system, in comparison to typical irrigation systems, has the distinct advantage of conserving water more effectively. Water conservationisaccomplishedbycontinuouslytransferring waterbetweentheplant bedandthefish habitat. Organic Anotheradvantageofaquaponicsistheuseofdissolvedfish faecestofertilizeplants.Plants,asa natural filter,require less water quality monitoring than other filters. The longtermpurposeoftheAquaponicssystemistoproducefood

while conserving water in a more efficient and environmentallyresponsiblemanner[6].

Aquaponicsblendsaquacultureandhydroponicsintoone profession.Aquaponicsisamethodofbringingfoodcloserto peopleinurbanareas.Boththehydroponicsandaquaculture businesseswillgainfromthis.Methodsandequipmentare usedincommercialaquaponics.Eventhepoorest,landless or near-landless individuals garden on small plots of homesteadland,abandonedlots,roadsideorfieldedges,or incontainers.Traditionalfarmingcanbedonedigitallywith locallyaccessibleplantingmaterials,greenmanures,"living" fences,andindigenousinsectcontrolmethodsifthereareno commercialresources.Togainabetterunderstandingofthe aquaponicsbusinesssothatfuturecommercial operations canbestrengthened[7].

Earlyalertsintheformofemail,SMS,andpushnotifications aresenttotheuserwhenthesensordetectsanyabnormal condition,ensuringahealthygrowingenvironmentforfish and plants. Without the need for human intervention, the corresponding actuator will intervene and correct the abnormalstate.Fordataanalysis,allsystemoperationsand real-timesensormeasurementsarerecordedinthecloud. Additionalgraphicaluserinterfaceswerecreatedtolinkthe aquaponics system to the user-friendly online and mobile apps.Thisaquaponicssystemcanappealtobothcommercial farmersandhomegrowersbecauseofitscost-effectiveness andenvironmentalfriendliness[8].Becausethesun-based loadupcreatesimperativenessduringdaylighthours,itis alsonecessarytochargeabatteryandfillavacuumdevicein themiddleofthenight.Togetthemostoutofthelight,the tilt borders of the sun-based board should be precisely positioned. In Perlis, Malaysia, the overall sun-fueled irradiance on the tilt edges of photovoltaic modules was dissected.Becauseofitshighsun-basedirradiancepotential, whichrangesfrom1061to995.38wattspersquaremetre from January to July [10], they decided that Perlis is appropriateforsolarpowergeneration.

In [11], the challenges, traps, and promise of a daylight basedregulatedwaterpumpareexamined.During testing,17outof90inverterswerefoundtobeoffthemark. As a result, proven and true and advantageous inverters become problematic.In order tocontrol high powerin an aquaponicsystem,adirectstructureofinverterisrequired. During the inverter experiment, it is assumed that the inverterwouldnotbesuccessfulandstrong.Asaresult,itis wiser to employ a pump that is voltage-evaluated to the pumpitself.[12].

III. PROPOSED WORK

Theaquaponicsystemisdevelopedintheproposedwork. The hardware development is done with the use of Atmega328Pmicrocontrollerbasedmonitoringandcontrol system. The fish tank is interfaced with oxygen dissolving

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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

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bubblemakingpumpwhichkeepsdissolvingoxygeninthe water.Thetypicalsystemconstructedwithfishtank,chicken farmandsoillessplantgrowingsystemconstructedisshown infigure1.

[14]webinterfaceviaWiFi8266[15]moduleinterface.The recordeddatasetscreenshotisshowninfigure5.Thedatais easilyaccessibleonmobilethroughThingSpeakinterface.

The wastage from hen’s compartment, located at fish tankoverhead,fallsinthetankwaterwhichdissolvesallthe nutrientcontentfrom chicken wastage. The wastage from fishesalsogetsdissolvedinthewater.Thedissolvedwater thus contains concentrated nutrients required for plant growth.Theplantslocatedonoverheadofchickenfarmthus arefeedwithwaterfromfishtankusingpump.Depending on the required delivery rate the pump capacity can be changedwithrespecttoapplication.

Theundissolvedcontentsfromthewaterresideatthe bottom. For the removal of undissolved wastages which resideatthebottomoftankcanbetakenoutusingbottom outlet controlled with manual tap. The tap can also be automated for interval based wastage collection based on timedanalysisforspecificperiod.

While controlling the water content it is important to keep sufficient level of water in the tank. The water level controllercanbeusedwiththefreshwaterfeedconnected to it. The temperature of water remain under control due less exposure of water tank direct to sun light. The temperature and humidity level in chicken cabinet is requiredtobemonitoredcontinuouslytokeephealthyair insidethecabinet.DHT22humidityandtemperaturesensor areusedtomonitortheleveloftemperatureandhumidity. Thehensfoodfeedingisalsoatomizedforperiodicfeeding. Thetemperatureandhumidityinhenscompartmentiskept atnormallevelbyperiodicfanbasedventilation.Thefanis turnedONandOFFtimelytokeeptheseparametersunder control. The system interfacing architecture diagram is shownfigure2

The water feeding to plants is done with sprayer controlledwithpumppressure.Thiskeepsgoodairmoisture content around the plants. The interfaced system is implemented with use of Atmega328P controller and interfacingwithsensorsanddisplaysystem.Therelaycard isusedtocontrolFansandpumpswhichmaybeoperatedon DC or AC supply. The prototype system consist of DC operatedFANSandPUMPS.Theprototypesystemisshown in figure 4. The collected data is recorded on ThingSpeak

IV .Results and Analysis

The dissolved oxygen measurement is conventional titration method which is time consuming. The expected rangeofdissolvedoxygeninwateris15-20mgperliter.The minimumrequiredoxygenforsurvivaloffishinwateris1-6 mg per liter [9]. The dissolved oxygen level can be maintainedwithtimelyturningontheoxygenblower.This cankeepupthedissolvedoxygenlevelatsufficientlevel

Anotherimportantwaterqualitymeasuringisdonewith theuseofTDSsensor.Thewaterqualityduetofishwaste keep degrading and at the same time the wastage falling fromhenscompartmentintothefishtankalsodegradesthe waterquality.Thesuitablelevelofwaterquality[13]isthus monitoredandfreshwaterfeedalongwithremovalofpoor qualitywater isautomated. The poor qualitywater which especiallycontainsplantessentialnutrientisfeedtoplant and remaining water is drained through drain valve. The typicalfishtankwithmonitoringinterfaceisshowninfigure 3.

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V.Conclusion

ThispapershowsacontributingworkwithIoTinterfaced Aquaponicsystemwithindepthparametermonitoringand controlsystem.Theproposedsystemprovidessatisfactory accessibility via mobile interface. The system is useful for advancedfarmingsysteminagriculturalleadingcountrylike India.

References

[1] D. Karimanzira and T. Rauschenbach, “Enhancing aquaponics management with IoT-based Predictive Analytics for efficient information utilization,” Inf. Process.Agric.,vol.6,no.3,pp.375–385,Sep.2019,doi: 10.1016/J.INPA.2018.12.003.

[2] Maryam Jawadwala ,Yogesh pingle,“Aquaponics for agricultureusingIOT,“publishedunderspecialissues2021onInternationalJournalofEngineeringResearch

and Technology conference proceedings,Vol.9,issue 3 Sample.

[3] A.Reyes Yanes, P. Martinez, R. Ahmad,“Towards AutomatedAquaponics:AReviewonmonitoring,IOT and smart system” IEEE Vol.26 No.5, 1 August 2020, 12571.

[4] Haryanto, Mulum, A.F Ibadillah, R Alfita K Aji, R Rizkyandi,“SmartAquaponicSystemBasedInternetof Things (IOT)”,IEEE International Conference Of Combinatorics, Vol.1211, 24 Nov. 2018, East Java, Indonesia

[5] JChavan, S. Patil, K. Jangam, and D. Chirayil, “Smart Aquaponics Farming Using IOT & Mobile Computing,” Int.J.Adv.Res.Comput.Commun.Eng.,vol.9,2020,doi: 10.17148/IJARCCE.2020.9405.

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