Human Computer Interaction: Trends and Challenges

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Human Computer Interaction: Trends and Challenges

1Student,Dept. Of Information Technology, Vidyalankar Institute Of Technology, Maharashtra, India ***

Abstract - Overview HCI (Human-Computer Interaction) is the study of how humans interact with computers and how computers respond or are not designed to interact successfully with humans. This research paper provides an overview of the topic of HCI. H. Definitions of various organizations and terms, an overview of existing technologies and recent advances in this field, how the sphere interacts with various other areas of the sphere such as engineering, cognitive and behavioral psychology, and anthropology Human computer interaction, including what to do. , sociology, ergonomics, industrial design and more. Simplicity and value are the main principles by which this paper is structured and the intention of this paper is to provide an overview of HCI and applications or devices, trends and challenges in the HCI space.

Key Words: Human-computer interaction, functionality, usability, technology, anthropology, sociology, ergonomics, healthcare, intelligent business, education, learning, consistency

1. INTRODUCTION

DuetotheinterdisciplinarynatureofHumanComputerInteraction(HCI),there`scurrentlydefiniteupondefinitionofthe rangeoftopicswhichformtherealmofhuman-computerinteraction.Howeveraccordingtotheforemostfamousdefinitionof “HumanComputerInteraction”,A“Human-computerinteractionmaybeadisciplineconcernedwiththelook,evaluationand implementationofinteractivecomputingsystemsforpeopleuseandwiththestudyofseriousphenomenasurroundingthem.” Establishedearlysoitabsolutelywasinclinewithinthedirectionof“usability”oftheinterfacesystemsthatconcentratesat nonfunctional obligations,extendingasofthisusabilitytowardsmaintainability,matureithadbeenequilibrium through “functionality”ofthesystemwiththeauthenticsymmetryfoundtheminuteanequilibriumregardingthesedualfeaturesfunctionalityandusefulnessofthesystemisathandandisfundamentallyinvestigatedonHCIdesignthat embracesuser endeavor then must be apparently sensed and verified . Nowadays, computers have a significant role in education and healthcareindustries.Thedigitaldeviceslikenotebook,tablet,PCsandhandheldportabledeviceslikesmartphones,watches becamealmostusualandtrendingequipment.Theusageofelectronicdeviceswithinthefieldofhealthcareandeducation environment isremarkable, becauseit offersattractive, realistic andamazing facility.Atthesametime, the use ofdigital devicesintheclassroomaimstoexpandtheeducationalenvironmentforallstudents.Wealsofoundthattheuseofdigital devicesintheclassroomwashighlyeffectiveinimprovingstudentandteachermotivation,course-supportedcomprehension, and overall academic performance. This essay explores the category or level of interaction design for new computing technologiesusedbyhumans.Thesetechnologiesarecharacterizedbyadifferentphysicalappearancethantraditionaldesktop computers,andthereforeadifferentcontextofuse.Thesetechnologiesinclude,forexample,wearablecomputerssuchasthe AppleWatch,B.healthmonitors,immersivevirtualspaces,andubiquitouscomputerizedenvironments.Thesearetypically consideredbreakthroughtechnologies.Moderntechnologyoftenmeansinteractingdifferentlythanthenormaloperationofa computer.

2. LITERATURE SURVEY

ReviewHuman-ComputerInteraction(HCI)isastudentwhostudieshuman-computerinteractionwiththeaimofcreating systemsandtheirinterfacesthatarefuntoempathize,characterize,control,participateinwinning,andareuser-friendly.is. Thiscanbethoughtofastwopowerfulinformationprocessingdevices(ahumanandacomputer)tryingtocommunicatewith eachotheroveranarrowbandandverylimitedinterface.Videogames(AR)arebeingexploredalongwithnewtechnologies that support learning in engineering, medicine, and education. The appearance and development of the cyber-human framework,supportedbyhuman-computerinteraction(HCI)principles,appliestotwodomains.Thefirstexploredheruseof VRinteachingscienceandtechnologyconceptstostudentswithautism,andthesecond,intrainingfirstrespondersinvolvedin theCOVID-19pandemic.Focused.TheHumanComputerInteraction(HCI)programwillplayanumberonerolewithinthe creation of tomorrow`s exciting new computer program software and technology, by supporting the broad range of fundamentalresearchwhichwillultimatelychangethehuman-computerinteractionexperiencethereforethecomputerisn't anylongera distractingfocus ofattention butratheraninvisibletool thatempowerstheindividual userand smooththe naturalandproductivehuman-humancollaboration.theexpansioninHuman-ComputerInteraction(HCI)fieldhasnotonly beeninqualityofinteraction,it'salsoexperiencedvariousbranchinginitspast.Ratherofdesigningregularinterfaces, the

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

various research branches have had contrasting concentrate on the concepts of multimodality instead of unimodality, intelligentadaptiveinterfacesinsteadofcommand/actionbasedones,andatlastactiveratherthanpassiveinterfaces.themost important concepts in HCI are functionality and usefulness. Services provided normally bya system are called functions. Usabilityistheease,accuracy,andclaritywithwhichusersusethesystem'sfeatures.HCIessentiallydealswiththeplanning, evaluation,adoption,anduseofdatatechnology,withthetypicalgoalofimprovinguserperformanceandknowledge.Humancomputerinteractionsdeveloporenhancespecificgoalsindevicedesign.Thefivekeygoalsaresafety,usability,efficacy, efficiency,andvalue.Advancesintechnology,computing,andlanguagecommunicationprocessinghaveledtothediscoveryof agent-basedtechnology.ThissuggeststhatithasimportantimplicationsforthefocusofHCI,intelligentprivateagentsbeing oneoftherapidlyevolvingtechnologies

3. HCI WITH OTHER AREAS

HCIcurrentlycoverspsychology,ergonomics,sociology,socio-culture,philosophy,economics,law,mathematics,ecology, biology,design,media,communicationsciences,cognitivesciences,informationsciences,naturalsciences,technicalresearch, etc. , is taught in some information technology subjects. - Web Engineering, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, Pervasive Computing, Ubiquitous Computing, Ambient Intelligence, Geography, Management Information Systems and Industry, Manufacturing, Systems Engineering, and more. HCI's explorations and processes captivate and blend all these prospects.HCIisthesocialidentityofsociety.

HCI and Computer Science: HCI'sComputerSciencedivisionexploresanddevelopsabstractions,techniques,languages,and toolstoaddressthisproblem.Akeyconceptinuserinterfacesoftwareisthedecompositionofinteractivesystemdesigninto differentlevels.H.Divideintoconceptual,semantic,syntacticandlexicallevelsanddevelopadesignforeachlevel.

HCI with cognitive and behavioral psychology :CognitivePsychologyisoneofthemajors`contributortoHuman-Computer Interaction(HCI)researchbyprovidingandapplyingpsychologicalprinciplestounderstandandhelpadvancesthemodelsthat explainandpredicthumanperformance.

HCI with anthropology: Itis,highlightedhowuserresearchinHCIsharesmoresimilaritieswithethnomethodology which aims at analyzing social structures from everyday methods and practices preferable than with that kind of analytic ethnographyfoundinsocialsciences,whichisalwaysinterpretativebesidesobservational.

HCI with sociology : HCI precisely in social media search Sociology demystify the technical. From digital data gathering methodologies,usabilityasaplannedforcedirectingourdigitalinteractionsandcautionarytalesofcontroversy,HCIhasa bodyofrelevantworkandexpertisetoofferonthefullrangeof`thedigital`.

HCI with ergonomics : ErgonomicsandHCIarerelatedtoeachotherbecauseergonomicsistheworkingenvironmenttheend userisoperatingwithinandHCIistheinteractiontheenduseractuallyhaswiththecomputersystem.Thecomputeristhe onlyphysicalinterfacebetweentheenduserandtheinformation,whichtheyaretypedintothecomputersystem.

4. APPLICATIONS OF HCI

Everyday Life: Today,technologypermeatesallareasofourlives.Computersimpactourliveseventhoughwedon'townthem orusethemdirectly.ATMs,ticketmachines,andhotdrinkvendingmachinesarejustafewexamplesofcomputerinterfacesyou canuseeveryday,evenifyoudon'thaveacomputer.Human-ComputerInteraction(HCI)iskeytocreatingthesesystemsand interfaces.Whetheryou'redesigninganATMoradesktopcomputerinterface,youshouldreviewHCIprinciplestoensureyour interfaceissafeandconvenient.,reliable.andefficient.

Healthcare: Human-ComputerInteraction(HCI)playsakeyroleinthedesignofdecision-orientedsoftwareinhealthcare. CDSSs, electronic health records (EHRs), medical imaging systems, and other computer-based collaboration tools, suchas telemedicineandhomecareapplications,areroutinelyusedbyphysicians.Dataintegrationandanalysisfromwearabledevices, remotemonitoring,anddigitalhiscounselingareonlyavailableduringtheclinicvisitshefollows.Theseclinicsaresparseand requireintermittentdatacollectionandinterpretation.canbeprocessed.Inaddition,shareddecision-makingschemesallow patientstobedirectlyinvolvedinclinicaldecision-making,enablingpatient-centeredcare.

People with Disabilities: Aneye-trackingsystemdesignedtoassistpeoplewithdisabilities,whereeye trackingplaysalarge role in command-and-action scenarios. Pointer movement, blinking, clicking. Lip reading or lip tracking is known to be a

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

powerfultoolforcorrectingspeechrecognitionerrors.Agaze recognitionpointingsystemthatenablesdisabledpeopletowork ontheirPCbyinteractingwiththemachineviavoiceandheadgestures.

Education: Theuseofelectronicdevicesineducationisimportantasitprovidesanengaging,morerealisticandinteresting environment.Atthesametime,theuseofdigitaldevicesintheclassroomshouldimprovethelearningenvironmentforall students.Itwasalsoclearthattheuseofdigitaldevicesintheclassroomisbeneficialforimprovingstudentengagement,ability toapplycoursesbasedonunderstanding,andoverallacademicperformance.

Industry and Business: HCIisknownforcompaniesthatrelyontechnologyandcomputersfortheirday to-dayoperations.A well-designed, easy-to-use system reduces distractions, makes employees happier and more productive. HCI is essential, especiallywhendesigningsafety-criticalsystemssuchasthosefoundinpowerplantsandairtrafficcontrolcenters.Inthese cases,designerrorscanhavefatalconsequences,includingthedeathofmanypeople.

5.TRENDS

Therecentexpansionintechnologyhavemadesignificantpositiveimpactsonthehuman-computerinteraction(HCI).Itisnow possibletointeractwithcomputersusingvoicecommands,touchscreen,eyemovement,handgesture,etc.

1.Speech recognition:Applications:Amazon’sAlexa,Apple’sSiri,Google’sGoogleAssistant,Microsoft’s CrotonaSpeech recognitiontechnologyandtheuseofdigitalassistantshavemovedrapidlyfromourmobilephonestoourhomes,andits applicationinindustriessuchasbusiness,banking,marketing,andhealthcareissignificantlybecomingapparent.

2.Gesture recognition: Applications:Smartphone’sandTabletsfreeusersfromkeypadsandMicrosoft’sKinectgamingsystem miceAhandgesturerecognitionsystemprovideanatural,creativeandmodernwayofnonverbalcommunication.Ithasa extendedareaofapplicationinhumancomputerinteractionandsignlanguage.CommonapplicationareasareSignLanguage, Clinicalhealth,roboticcontrol,gaming,virtualenvironment,homeautomation.

3.Gaming platforms and devices: The major HCI devices which are used today are the gaming console controllers for example,thePS4,XboxOneandWiiU,inadditiontheMouseandKeyboardusedforthecomputer.Newtechnologyiscreated forexampletheKinect,orPlayStationMove,theycannotfullysuperpositionacontroller,astheywerecreatedaftertherelease ofaconsole,insteadofwithit.

4.New Interface Technologies: Such as multi-touch, gesture/movement built on top of the base gesture/movement recognition,speechrecognition,andeye/facetrackingplatformChallenges.

5.Emotion Detection: Facial expression is an big part of non-verbal communication and one common means of human communication.Expressionrecognition,asoneofthecrucialdevelopmentdirectionsofhuman computerinteraction,can improvethefluency,accuracyandlightheartednessofinteraction.

6.Virtual Assistants:FromtheHCIpointofview,virtualassistantsarethemostengaginggroupofInternetagents.Virtual assistantsusuallyserveasvirtualrepresentativesandonlineassistants,learningofusers’habits,needsandproclivity,and responding individually to behavior of those users. Assistant’s customization bestow to higher rates of return visits and sizeablecustomerloyaltyaswellasgoodperceptionofacompanyreputation.Examples:SitePalsinventedandproducedby Oddcast,Germansite’sSAP’smanagerJochenKellerrecruitspotentialworkersbyhelpofhisvirtualassistant,GermanMinistry ofEducationemployedWolfgangSchumacherwhichteachesgraduateshowtomakeabusinessplanandfoundtheirown enterprises.Heexplainstherulesofmarketanalysisandthefirmmanagementetc

7.Agumented reality: Areaofapplication:Architecture,sports,camera,military,medical,mobileapplications.Augmented Realityisatechniquethatallowsuserstooverrundigitalinformationwiththeirphysicalworld.TheAugmentedReality(AR) displays haveanextraordinarycharacteristic fromthe Human– ComputerInteraction(HCI) perspective.Duetoitsrising popularityandapplicationindiversedomains,increasinguser-friendlinessandARusagearecondemning.Context-awareis one approach since an AR application can adapt to the user, environment, needs and boost ergonomic principles and functionality.

6.CHALLENGES

Withallthelatesttrends,HCIfacesseveralchallenges,especiallyfromapersonal,organizational,administrative,psychological, social,orculturalperspective.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

1. Learnability: Oneoftheusabilitycriteriaislearnability.Learningabilityoccursinrelationtosoftwareorelectronicdevices thatbridgehuman-machineinteraction.Themostcommonapplicationsarethosethatfollowtheconventionsofothersimilar programs.Streamlinelearningbycreatingasimpleuserinterfacedesignwithpredictablelayoutandnavigation.Agoodwayto improvelearningabilityistoexaminetheuser'sguessesbeforeusingtheapplication.

2.Generalizability and Consistency: ExtendingknowledgeofaparticularinteractiontonewsituationshelpsIthelpsbring some consistency to the proposed system model. The Consistency Principle supports users by allowing them to transfer knowledgefromoneapplicationtoanother.Theapplicationshouldbeconsistentwiththecurrentversionoftheproduct,its use of metaphors, and user expectations. The latter has individual differences and is the type that requires the most consistency.

3.Perceived Consistency: Theconceptofperceivedstabilityiscloselyrelatedtotheprincipleofconsistency.Forexample,it givesusersavisualsenseofstabilityevenwhencertainactionsarenotavailable.Theyarenotremovedfromtheappearance, justgrayedout.

4.Designing Learning Healthcare Systems: AKeyMomentforHCIResearchersandDesignersisConnectingPatientsSeeking Health,CliniciansDeliveringCare,andProvidersLookingtoReduceCostsWhileImprovingQualityofCareThat'sit.Helpform alargehealthcaresystem.Macro-HCImindsetsandbigdataanalyticstoolscanprovideinsightsatalllevelsthatcanbeshared with relevant stakeholders, but driving meaningful change in such large-scale systems remains a challenge. . Bottom-up strategiesfosterpatientandphysicianengagement,buttop-downgovernanceisrequiredtosetpolicy,dealwithbadactors, anddrivecontinuousimprovement.

5. Accelerating Analytical Clarity: Thebigdatamovementisgeneratingmassiveamountsofheterogeneousdata.Itsanalysis leadstoabetterunderstandingoftheinvisibleprocessesinbusiness,communitygrowth/decline,learningandpublichealth. Thisbetterunderstanding,enhancedbywell integratedvisualinterfacesandstatisticaltechniques,canleadtosaferand bolderdecisionsthatimprovethewell-beingofindividuals,communitiesandtheplanet.

6. A safe cyberspace: Criminalactivityanddatabreachesthreatentoreduceengagement,participation,politicalinvolvement andtooluseinalltypesoftransactions.Designedwithusableprivacyandsecurityinmind,itmaintainsbenefits,minimizes intrusions,andmeetssecurityexpectations.

7.Error reporting and Recoverability: Theusershouldbeabletounderstoodwhichuseractionshaveledtothepresent state,andwhatthesystemdidtoreachthere.Weneedtofindoutiftheytherearesomehowinvisiblestatesthatresulttothe currentstate.Unlesstheusercanlearntorememberanypossiblepathleadinguptoanidentifiablestate,thepublishingof possiblepathsappearsunnecessary.Supportforundoingerrorsshouldbegivenfortheofusertotakedisciplinaryactiononce anerrorhasbeenrecognized.

7. CONCLUSION

ThiswhitepaperprovidesanoverviewofthetopicHCI.H.Human-ComputerInteraction.Containsvariousdefinitionsand terms.Also,howvariousotherdisciplinessuchascomputerscience,cognitive behavioralpsychology,anthropology,sociology, and ergonomics are related to his HCI and how they interact with his HCI It also explains how to create more effective applicationsforfuturegenerations.Inaddition,PaperhasdemonstratedvariousapplicationsofhisHCIinvariousfieldssuchas dailylife,healthcare,disability,education,industryandbusiness,aswellashisHCIsuchasvoice,gesturerecognition,game platform,emotion,etc.Wealsooffernewtrends.Perception,AugmentedReality,etc.,andthechallengesfacedbyhisHCI especiallywhenviewedfromapersonal,organizational,administrative,psychological,socialorculturalperspective.

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