EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON DURABILITY ASPECTS OF SELF- COMPACTING CONCRETE USING ALCCOFINE AND BIOCHAR

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON DURABILITY ASPECTS OF SELFCOMPACTING CONCRETE USING ALCCOFINE AND BIOCHAR

Sasikumar1 , Anima P.2

1M.Tech student, Structural Engineering, Universal Engineering college, Thrissur, Kerala

2Associate professor, Civil Department, Universal Engineering college, Thrissur, Kerala ***

Abstract - In the present day, much research is being done globally to identify a viable cementitious material to take the role of cement. For the purpose of partially or completely substituting cement in concrete, many materials are tested in this order: fly ash, silica fume, GGBS, Metakaolin, Micro materials, Quartz powder, etc. In this paper, a novel ultrafine material named Alccofine and cement made with biobased materials might have lower CO2 emissions. Recently, it has been shown that carbonized biomass, often known as Biochar, is an efficient partial replacement forcement. Here, cement is partially replaced in self-compactingconcrete by substituting 10% of alccofine and 2% of biochar.M30 concrete is designed to examine the durability of alccofine and biochar in concrete. The durability properties were investigated, such as sulphate Attack tests, water absorption tests, and carbonation tests, and were compared with conventional SCC. Results indicated that the compressive strength of self-compacting concrete improved with the incorporation of 10% alccofine and durability properties exhibit superior performance in both alccofine and biochar compared to conventional SCC.

Key Words: Alccofine, Biochar, Sulphate Attack Tests, WaterAbsorption Tests, and Carbonation Tests.

1.INTRODUCTION

The ash-and-carbon-based, light-weight biochar that remainsafterbiomassispyrolyzedisknownasbiochar.The termremovalofvibratingequipment,reducednoise,fewer air spaces, shortened time, higher productivity, and enhanced strength and durability. The amount of powder contentandtheparticlesizeareimportant aspects of SCC. Costs of production would rise if SCC contained more cement. Considering rapidly expanding industries, many researchers have proposed alternative supplemental cementitious materials (SCMs) or mineral admixtures to attainhighereconomicvalue.Alccofine1203isahighrange water reducer that helps concrete work more easily and have greater compressive strength. Biochar is widely consideredaseffectivewayofsequesteringcarbondioxide. The possibility of using it to enhance the mechanical strength and reduce permeability of cement mortar is exploredinthisstudy.

2. ALCCOFINE

Within the concrete industry, Ambuja Cements Limited (ACL)hasintroducedanovelproduct.ALCCOFINE1203may be a suitable substitute for cement in concrete as an additionalcementitiouselement.process.Alccofine-1203isa specificallyprocessedproductwithahighglasscontentand high reactivity that was created through a carefully monitoredgranulationprocess.Theprincipalcomponentof the raw materials is low calcium silicates. Particle size distribution is managed as a result of the processing with othercarefullychosensubstances(PSD).Thecalculatedblain value using PSD is approximately 12000cm2/gm, which is absolutelyextremelyfine.Duetoitsdistinctchemistryand ultra-fineparticlesize,ALCCOFINE-1203offerslowerwater contentand,dependingontheworkability,evenupto70% replacement level for concrete performance. Additionally, ALCCOFINE1203maybeutilizedasasuperworkabilityaid toenhancefloworasahighrangewaterreducertoenhance compressivestrength. Table -1: ChemicalCompositionandPhysicalproperties CHEMICAL ANALYSIS

3. BIOCHAR

The ash-and-carbon-based,

biocharwasused.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

4. OBJECTIVE

The main objective of the study is to determine the durability Sulphate Attack Test, Carbonation, Water absorption Test of concrete with control, alccofine and biocharmixandcomparethetestresults.

5. MATERIALS USED

5.1 Cement

Use of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) of Grade 53 accordingtoISspecificationsismadeinthisinvestigation. Table2providescement'scharacteristics.

Table -2: PropertiesofOPC53gradecement

PROPERTIES TEST RESULTS TECHNICAL REERENCES

Specificgravity 3.12 IS4031(PART11):1988 Consistency(%) 30 IS4031(PART4):1988

Finenessof cement(%) 4.7 IS4031(PART2):1996

Initialsetting time(minutes) 78 IS4031(PART5):1988

5.2 Fine Aggregate

Forbuilding,manufacturedsand(M-Sand)isanalternative toriversand.M-sandisaproductmadefromhardgranite stonethathasbeencrushed.M-Sandislessthan4.75mmin size.Riversandisinshortsupply,henceartificialsandhas beenemployedasanalternativeforconstruction.M-Sandis also used since it is readily available and costs less to transport.Additionally,itisadust-freematerialthatpollutes verylittle.Table3liststhefineaggregate'scharacteristics.

Table -3: PropertiesofFineAggregate

PROPERTIES TEST RESULTS

Specificgravity 2.52 Finessmodulus 3.84

Freesurfacemoisture Nil

5.3 Coarse Aggregate

Aggregateswithaparticlesizerangeofmorethan4.75mm, buttypicallybetween10and40mminsize.Concretebenefits fromcoarseaggregate'sstrength,toughness,andhardness qualities as well as its resistance to abrasion. The experimentalstudy'scoarseaggregatewas12.5mminsize and conformed to IS 383:1970. Table 4 lists the characteristicsofcoarseaggregate

Table -4: PropertiesofCoarseAggregate PROPERTIES TEST RESULTS TECHNICAL REFERENCES

Specificgravity 2.69 IS2386(PART3):Clause2.4.2

Freesurface moisture Nil IS383(PART3):1970

Finenessmodulus 4.25 IS383(PART 3): 1970 table2

5.4 Alccofine

Oneof thenewestmicro-fine materials, Alccofine 1203, is producedinIndiaandhasaparticlesizethatissmallerthan that of cement, fly ash, silica fume, etc. Due to its efficient particle size distribution, Alccofine 1203 has special characteristicsthatcanaffecttheperformanceofconcretein both its fresh and hardened states. The early strength of concretemadewithalccofine1203isfoundtobesimilartoor greaterthanthatofsilicafume.Becausealccofinestartsthe initial chain of events when cement hydrates, this is the reason. Additionally, the alccofine 1203 eats the calcium hydroxidebyproductthatisgeneratedduringthehydration ofcement,increasingtheconcrete'slate-agestrength. Asa result,itproducesadditionalC-S-Hgelthatiscomparableto that of other pozzolans. Alcofine's calculated particle size distribution(PSD)isroughly12000cm2/g.Accordingtothe need, it can be replaced with cement up to a 70% replacement level. Table 5 lists the alccofine 1203's properties.

Fig -1:Alccofine

Table -5: PropertiesofAlccofine

PROPERTIES

TEST RESULTS

Specificgravity 2.9

Bulkdensity(kg/m³) 700-900

Fineness(cm²/g) >1200

2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal |

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

5.5 Biochar

One of the waste byproducts that has lately received attentionisbiochar,whichcouldbeusedincementitiousand asphaltic composites for infrastructure purposes. It is a carbon-richsolidresiduecreatedwhenmunicipalsolidwaste (MSW) or biomass are thermochemically converted in an oxygen-limited atmosphere. This process is known as pyrolysisandisbothenergy-andenvironmentally-friendly. Pyrolysistypicallyproduceslesssulphurandnitrogenoxide thanstandardMSWincineration,whichcanresultincleaner energy . While being mixed in the reactor, MSW is first prepared by source collection separation, which includes sorting and shredding, and then heated externally using combustiongasfrompyrolysis.Thecolour,weight,size,and mechanicalstrengthofthebiomasschangesimultaneously withthe chemical and physical state change during this process,andsyngas,bio-oil,andchardevelop.Thefeedstock disintegratesbyupto80%inweightattemperaturesabout 350°C,andtheremainingfeedstockthenbecomescharcoal.

measuring 150 mmx 150 mmx 150 mm was cast and submerged in water for 28 days as part of a water absorptiontest.Thespecimensareweighedagainatroom temperature after being oven-dried for 24 hours at a temperatureof150Ctoensurethatthemassisconstant

%waterabsorption=��1 ��2 x100 ��2 ��1=ovendriedweightofspecimen ��2 =finalweightofspecimen

Fig -2: Biochar

6. DURABILITY ASPECTS

Thematerial'sresistancetoseriousdeteriorationisreferred to as durability. The environmental effects of repair and replacement can be minimized with the use of reliable materials.Theconcrete'senduranceandcapacitytosurvive extremeweatherconditionsaremeasuredbythematerial's durability qualities. It will help determine how long the structurewillbeabletolast,thusitiscrucial.Aslongasitis un-cracked,durableconcreteiscomparativelyimpermeable.

6.1 Durability Test on Concrete

Durability test includes water absorption test and carbonationtest.Here,theeffectivenessoftraditionalSCC and the tested specimen were compared through the durabilitytest.

a) Water Absorption Test

One of the elements affecting concrete's durability is moistureinfiltration.Duetoitsporousnature,concretecan produce toxic chemicals and allow water to corrode steel reinforcing.Asaresult,itshouldbetakenintoconsideration whiledeterminingtheconcrete'squality.Acubespecimen

b) Carbonation Test

Carbonationandshrinkagehaveadirectrelationshipwith thecorrosionofsteelreinforcement.Carbonationtestingis crucial to prevent future corrosion of steel reinforcement and the emergence of shrinkage fractures. The concrete's carbonation depth is measured during this test. A cubeshaped specimen measuring 150 mmx 150 mmx 150 mm was cast. Phenolphthalein is employed as an indication to determinethedepthofcarbonation;ifthetester becomes pink, the specimen is considered to be un-carbonated; otherwise,itisassumedthatthespecimeniscarbonated.

c) Sulphate Attack

Sulfateionsattackelementsofthecementpasteinaprocess knownassulphateattackonconcrete,whichisachemical breakdownmechanism

7. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This section presents the findings of various experiments conducted to evaluate the concrete's durability characteristics.

1) Water Absorption Test

Table9showsthepercentageofwaterabsorption,which isthedifferencebetweenthespecimen'sweightandits oven-driedweight.

2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal |

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Table -6: WaterAbsorptionTestResults

MIX OVEN DRIED WEIGHT(kg) WET WEIGHT OF CEMENT(kg) % WATER ABSORPTION

CS 7.241 7.284 0.59

BIO 7.230 7.311 1.120

ALC 7.324 7.367 0.58

According to the findings of water absorption tests, the specimen of 10% alccofine 1203 absorbs less water than othercontrolspecimen.

2) Carbonation Test

Fig -4:CarbonationTest

From figure 3 makes it very evident that the control specimenbecomescolorless,showingthatitisacarbonated specimen. Alccofine and Biochar are still pink in colour showing that it is an uncarbonated specimen but the carbonationdepthislessinalccofine

3) Sulphate Attack Test

Table -7: ShowstheCompressiveStrengthafterSulphate Attack

MIX WATER IMMERSION SULPHATE IMMERSION REDUCTION

CS 37.25 34.15 8.3

BIO 38.66 36.2 6.3

ALC 33.01 31.08 5.8

8. CONCLUSIONS

Themainfindingsofthisinvestigationaredescribedbelow. 

Concretethathasalccofinepartiallyreplacedwith cementperformsbetterintermsofdurabilitythan concretemadewiththeoriginalmix. 

Biocharispartiallyreplacedwithcementisanoncarbonconcrete.ItreducesemissionsofCO2butin termsofdurability,itperformslessthanacontrol specimen. 

The water absorption is higher in biochar comparedtoalccofine 

Fromtheresultsitcanbenotedthatbiocharmix are highly resistant to sulphate attack than alccofineandcontrolmix.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

IwishtothanktheManagement,PrincipalandHeadofCivil EngineeringDepartmentofUniversalEngineering College, Thrissur, affiliated by Kerala Technological University for theirsupport.Thispaperisbasedontheworkcarriedoutby me(SheethalSasikumar),aspartofmyPGcourse,underthe guidance of Mrs. Anima P. (Associate professor, Civil Department, Universal Engineering College, Thrissur, Kerala). I express my gratitude towardsher for valuable guidance.

REFERENCES

[1] Saloni, Abhishek singh, Vaibhav sandhu & Jatin, Parveen(2020),“EffectofAlccofineandcuringconditionon properties of low calcium fly ash based geopolymer concrete”,Vol.32,Part4,Pp:620–625.

[2] Bode Venkata Kavyateja etal. “Effectiveness of alccofineandflyashonmechanicalpropertiesof ternary blended self compacting concrete”Volume 33, Part 1, 2020, Pages73-7.

[3] Souradeep Gupta etal.”Application of biochar from coconutandwoodwastetoreduceshrinkageandimprove physical properties of silica fume-cement mortar(2020)Pp:1-1

[4] B. Venkatasan, M. Venuga, P.R. Dhevasenna & V. Kannan (2020), “Experimental study on concrete using partialreplacementofcementbyalccofinefineaggregateas ironpowder”Vol.37,Part2,Pp:2183–2188

[5] K.Ashwinietal.(2021)”Freezeandthawresistanceof concrete using alcofine and nano-silica ”ELSEVIER, MaterialsToday,Vol32Pp:1-5.

Fig -5:SpecimenafterSulphateAttack

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

[6] Kang-HaoTan1(2021)”Biocharasa Partial Cement ReplacementMaterialforDevelopingSustainableConcrete: AnOverview”ASCE

[7] Akhtar,A.,andA.K.Sarmah. 2018.“Novel biocharconcrete composites:Manufacturing, characterization and evaluationofthemechanicalprop-erties.” Sci.Total Environ. 616-617

[8] A.Mohan,K.M.Mini,Strengthanddurabilitystudies ofSCCincorporatingsilicafumeandultrafineGGBS,Constr. Build.Mater.171(2018)919–928.

[9] Prithiviraj, C.; Saravanan, J. Characteristics of SelfCompacting Concrete with Different Size of Coarse AggregatesandAlcco-fine.TrendsSci.2022,19.

[10] Sagar, B.; Sivakumar, M.V.N. An Experimental and Analytical Study on Alccofine Based High Strength Concrete.Int.J.Eng.2020,33,530–538

[11] Vivek,K.C.;Palanisamy,M.;Debnath,S.;Munagala, M. Performance Evaluation of Durability and Flexural behaviour of Self Compacting Concrete blended with Alccofine. IOP Conf. Ser Mater. Sci. Eng. 2021, 1126, 012083.

[12] Abraham,R.;Neelakantan;Babu,R.Self-compacting Concrete with Alccofine and Glass Fiber. Int. J. Eng. Adv. Technol.2019,188–191

2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal