Utilization of industrial waste materials in the construction of interlocking paver blocks for mediu

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Utilization of industrial waste materials in the construction of interlocking paver blocks for medium traffic areas

1 Student, Department of Construction Technology & Management, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Construction Technology and Management, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ***

Abstract - Using of recycled aggregates for the construction of interlocking paver block of 80mm thickness. The recycled aggregate is used as a replacement for the fine aggregate. Which makes it possible in reducing its cost and also its strength for the required limits. The concrete is designed for M-40 grade concrete and targeted strength is 48 MPA. The recycled aggregate is added in the ratios from 10%, 20% and 30%. The paver blocks are constructed for M-40 grade concrete, the concrete is prepared in different ratios of mix design by replacing fine aggregate with recycledaggregate for the standard mix design and it is checked for its workability by slump cone test. Then they are cured for 7-days and 28-days, then certain tests are conducted on a hardened concrete like compression test and based on the strength and its and cost analysis the perfect paver block can be adopted which is economical in initial and also in maintenance cost.

Key Words: Recycledaggregate,interlockingpaverblocks, slump cone test, curing, cost, economical, compression strength.

1. INTRODUCTION

Indiaisrenownedforitsdiversenetworkofroadwaysthat connect individuals from various social classes. In India, roadshaveexistedformorethan5000years.Roadbuilding wasapriorityforAshokaandChandraguptainearlyIndian history.RoadsinIndiawereplannedasearlyas2500–3500 BC,accordingtoexcavationsatIndusValleysettlements.The Mauryankingsalsoconstructedsomeexcellentroadways. The Nagpur plan divides roads into 4 main categories:National Highways, State Highways, District Roads and Village roads. Expressways were added as an additionalcategory.Agoodqualitypavementisrequiredfor the safe, economical and comfortable travelling. Today increase the density of vehicles on the highways and passengers travel from one place to other, required good quality pavement for long life. Rigid pavement is the best optionforthegoodqualitypavementforlonglife.Becauseof the flexible pavement having low life compare to rigid pavement.Rigidpavementissuitableatheavyrainfallarea andwaterloggedarea.Lowmaintenancecostreducesthe

lifecyclecostfortherigidpavement.So,rigidpavementbest choice over the flexible pavement. Further, it can be used alternative materials in concrete for rigid pavement. By improvingitsstrengthandlifespan,alternativematerials suchflyash,granularslag,copperslag,crumbrubber,GGBS, buildinganddemolitionwastematerialslikemarblepowder, and recycled aggregate can lower the initial cost of rigid pavement.

1.2 MATERIALS USED

There are different materials used in a concrete for the constructionofpaverblocksuchascement,flyash,coarse aggregate,fineaggregate,recycledfineaggregate,m-sandfor M-40 grade concrete. the below table 2.1 shows some the testsperformedonthematerialsmentionedabove.

Table -1 : MATERIAL CHARACTERISATION

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Toevaluatethepropertiesofconcreteusingindustrial byproductsasanalternativematerialinboththefresh andhardenedstates. 

ICPBmanufacturingusingdifferentmaterialswhichare economical in initial construction stages as well as in maintenancecost. 

Theobjectiveiscompletereplacementofconcretewith recycledaggregatewithadditiveslikem-sandtomakea low cost and light weighted paving block which have highstrength,whichisversatile,aestheticanddurable andhenceenvironmentfriendly. 

Tocomparethecostsofregularpavingblocksandthose madeofrecycledaggregate. 

Promotetrashtoenergyalternatives. 

Make sure the handling of solid waste is efficient and effective.

1.4 SCOPE OF STUDY

They weigh very little when we compare them to the conventionalpaverblocks 

They are fire resistive and they do not absorb water comparedtostandardpaverblocks. 

In the event of failure, they only deform rather than disintegrate. They appear adaptable and may work in anysetting.Theycanbemadequickly. 

Concrete'sstrengthandotherattributesaredependent onsubstantialresourceslikeflyashfromnuclearpower plants, marble powder from stone businesses, and copper slag provided from industries, among other significantmaterials. 

Themethodsusedandconcretematerialsusedinthis work,whichwillbediscussedinthenextsections,are largelyresponsiblefortheresultsobtained.

2. MIX PREPERATION

Themixispreparedusingmixersforthedesignedgradeof concretethatisM-40gradeconcreteanditisasshownin fig-1.

2.1 BLENDING OF CONCRETE

Fig 1 concrete mixing

The dry blending is performed before mixing the water. After complete mix until uniform color is obtained than waterisaddedtothemixinpartsthew/cratiomaintained is0.45.afterthecompletemixtestiscarriedonthefreshly preparedconcrete.

2.2 Mould preparation and vibration

After the proper concrete mix then mix is transferred the mouldsandkept ona vibratorforthe removingof theair voidsfortheproperbondingbetweentheconcretemix.The vibrationoftheconcreteisasshowninfig2andfig3shows thehardenedconcreteafter24hrsofsetting.

Fig 2 concrete vibrator

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Fig 3 Hardened concrete

3.1 Slump cone test

Slumpconetestisperformedonfreshlypreparedconcrete toknowitsworkabilityoftheconcrete.

Table 2 SLUMP VALUES

SLNO. MIXDESIGNATION SLUMPVALUE(mm) 1. MP0 50 2. RA1 55 3 RA2 56 4 RA3 56 5 RA4 57

2.3 Curing

Curing is an important process carried out after the hardening of concrete for 24 hrs. The mix is kept for the curingfor7-daysand28-days.Thencuredpaverblockare removedandsurfaceisdriedandtestslikecompressiontest carriedout.Thefig4showscuringofpaverblocks

Fig 4 curing of paver blocks

3. TEST CONDUCTED

Different types of tests are conducted on the freshly preparedconcreteandalsoonhardenedconcretefor7-days and 28-days such as slump cone test on freshly prepared concreteandcompressiontestonhardenedconcrete.

The slumpcone testisconducted on every mix design the slump values show that the mix is properly blend to form well uniformed concrete mix and can be used for the constructionofpaverblockaspertable2.

3.2 Compression test and cost analysis

Thecompressiontestonthehardenedpaverblocksafter7daysand28-dayswillprovideusthecompletestrengthof thepaverblocksitcansustain.Thishelpstoknowwherethe paverblockscanbeeasilyappliedatwhichtypeoftrafficit canbeused.

Table 3 compression test values

Sl No. MATERIALS COMPRESSION STRENGTH N/mm2

1. MP0 48.00 2. RA1 39.90 3. RA2 40.60 4. RA3 53.30 5. RA4 50.80

Fromthetable3wecanseethecompressionvaluesfromthe compression test conducted and the values will help in providingknowledgeonthepaverblocksaboutwherethey can be used. Here we can see the MP0 (standard paver blocks)ishavinglowstrengthwhencomparedtorecycled aggregate mix at 30% replacement of recycled aggregate with fine aggregate(RA3). Then RA3 can be used as a replacement for standard paver blocks for the medium trafficareas.

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

4. COST ANALYSIS

Thecostanalysisofthepaverblocksisnecessaryforthe purposeofeconomyanditshouldbeeconomicalbothin constructionaswellasinmaintenance.

Table 4 cost analysis

The cost analysis will help in analyzing its cost for the constructionalsoforthemaintenancecostaspertable4we canseethecostofstandardpaverblockis12.00Rsandthat ofrecycledaggregateat30%replacementis12.02.

4. CONCLUSIONS

As per the conclusion we can be able to select the paver block fortheconstruction basedonitscompressionvalue andbyitscostanalysis



Thecompressionstrengthoftheconventionalpaver block is less when compared to the recycled aggregate at 30% replacement of fine aggregate withrecycleaggregate.



Thecostofoneconventionalpaverblockis12.00Rs andthecostof12.02Rs.



Basedon itscost and by its compressive strength wecanselectthepaverblockofrecycledaggregate with30%replacementoffineaggregatewithfine aggregate.



Thispaverblockcanbeusedforthemediumtraffic asperIS15658:2006table1.Thesepaverblocks can be used in City streets, small and medium market roads, low volume roads, utility cuts on arterialroads.

REFERENCES

i. Intheir2012article"PAVERBLOCKSUSINGScrap MARBLE POWDER," Osman Gencel et al. discussedtheuseofwastemarbleinpaverblock production.

ii. Rafeeullah, Waleed Ahmad, M. sagheer Aslam "MARBLE POWDER INTERLOCKING PAVER BLOCKS"(2020).

iii. Khandve P. V. Rathi A. S "Concrete Paving Block UsingMarbleStoneIndustryWaste".

iv. MansiM.SoniJayeshR.Mangroliya”Performanceof CopperSlagonStrengthasPartialReplacement ofFineAggregateinConcrete”[2018].

v. S.Kalaiselvi, S.Prabhakaran, Jagadeesan.K “An Experimental Investigation on Partial replacementofCopperSlagasFineAggregatein PaverBlock”[2017].



Based on the compressive strength we can select the paver block with 30% replacement of fine aggregate with recycled aggregate as a replacementfortheconventionalpaverblock.

vi. CManivel,AravindPV,MohammedAdilBinBaseer, MuhammedSafadT,KrishnalalCS,(2020).



Theuseofthispaverblockwithrecycledaggregate asareplacementfortheconventionalpaverblock will help in maintaining the ecosystem and also helpsinmaintainingwastematerialusage.

vii. Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia” [AWAM-2007] “Properties of Crumb RubberConcretePavingBlockswithandwithout FacingLayer”.



The compressive strength of conventional paver block is 48 N/mm2 and compressive strength of 30% replaced recycled aggregate paver block is 53.30N/mm2

viii. RohitSoni,DeepakMathur“AnExperimentalStudy on Using of Commercialized Crumb Rubber in InterlockingConcretePaverBlock”[International JournalofRecentResearchandReview,Vol.XIII, Issue2,June2020ISSN2277–8322].



Basedonthesevaluesitmakesitpossibletochoose appropriatepaverblocks.



Butthecostanalysisalsoanimportantfactortobe lookedafter.

ix. Leela Bharathi S M[Prof], P. Kirubagharan, R. Gowtham, Albert Duraisingh, Akshai B Nair[students]“Experimentalstudyonbehaviour of paver block using crushed rubber powder” KarpagamUniversity[2017].

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

x. ChiSunPoonandDixonChan“Pavingblocksmade with recycled concrete aggregate and crushed claybrick”[2005].

xi. E.Gifty, N.Harini Devi, P.Meena, S.Gunasekar “Strength Property Study on Paver Block Made withRecycledConcreteAggregates”[2019]

xii. Manuel Contreras-Llanes, Maximina Romero, Manuel Jesús Gázquez and Juan Pedro Bolívar “Recycled Aggregates from Construction and Demolition Waste in the Manufacture of Urban Pavements”[2021].

xiii. S.Yamini Roja, J.Jayashree and V.Jeevanantham “BEHAVIOUR OF PAVER BLOCKS BY REPLACEMENTOFFINEAGGREGATEWITHMSAND AND CRUMB RUBBER WASTE” ISSN: O: 2319-6475,ISSN:P:2319-6505,Impact Factor: 6.614

BIOGRAPHIES

MANOJSNAYAK,M.techStudent, DepartmentofConstruction technology&Management, DayanandaSagarCollegeof Engineering,Bengaluru, Karnataka,India

Mr.KARTHIKM, AssistantProfessor,Department ofConstructiontechnology& Management,DayanandaSagar CollegeofEngineering, Bengaluru,Karnataka,India

Mr.PRAMODBV, AssistantProfessor,Department ofCIVILENGINEERING, DayanandaSagarCollegeof Engineering,Bengaluru, Karnataka,India

2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal