International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 08 | Aug 2022
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
A Review of Physiological Parameters Monitoring Systems Akhila P1 1Assistant
Professor, Dept. of Instrumentation & Control Engineering, NSS College of Engineering, Palakkad, Kerala -------------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------2. LITERATURE REVIEW Abstract –. Unexpected deaths among humans are an issue that arises from delayed medical attention. Therefore, it is essential to create a system of assessing physical health. Blood pressure, body temperature, pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation, and numerous electrophysiological signals are human physiological characteristics that indicate how the human body functions and are therefore helpful as benchmarks in assessing a person's health. Wearable devices, contact-free devices, and contact-less devices have all been developed by researchers to monitor physiological indicators. This study reviews the various currently existing physiological parameter monitoring systems, their technologies, the sensors used and their performance, etc.
A cost-effective system that would be able to track physiological indicators, such as body temperature and heart rate has been implemented in [4]. In the system, the user wears a wrist strap and finger glove which are mounted with sensors. LM35, a customized sensor, was used to measure the temperature, and heart rate, and ADXL3 11 accelerometer were used to detect falls of the patient. The three sensor circuits produce analog voltages that are supplied to a Nordic nREF24E 1 microcontroller's ADC inputs. Three distinct components made up the hardware design. The impact sensor, temperature sensor, and connectors for the NIR transmitter and sensor were built into a sensor card. All the analog processing circuitry required for the sensors, particularly for processing the heart rate information, was developed on a separate analog board. The sensors' entire analog processing circuits, including that needed to handle heart rate data, were mounted on a distinct analog board. The microcontroller was placed on a different card with the antenna link. The receiving unit comprises an antenna, a 5V AC adaptor, a serial interface port, and a nR EF24E1 microcontroller that continuously gets updates on a patient’s health status.
Key Words: Global System for Mobile Communications
(GSM), Electrocardiogram (ECG), Adaptive neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), Near-Infrared (NIR) transmitter, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), SPO2 – Blood Oxygen Saturation, Physiological parameters, Virtual Instrumentation, Sensors
1. INTRODUCTION Today's health care is mostly a product of technology. It may be beneficial for patients or elderly people who receive home care to have their health condition monitored in order to reduce expenses and provide increased comfort. As a result, alternative monitoring equipment with compact size, low power consumption, and environmental adaptability is needed. A physiological monitoring system evaluates certain facets of human functioning, and either takes appropriate action or notifies the user to act. Temperature, heart rate, breathing, attentiveness, and activity may all be measured and recorded using these physiologic sensors or instruments [1]. In the wearable biological parameter monitoring system sensors fitted into the wearer's cloth transfer information about the wearer's physiological signals wirelessly to a distant control station [2]. Sometimes it is difficult to utilize these contact-based devices[3].
In [5], a wireless T-shirt-based system for monitoring biological indicators has been presented. All sensors employed in this system for measuring ECG, breathing rate, heart rate, and fall rate possess noncontact features. The acceleration signals acquired by the accelerometer give vital info about the user's actions, including moving, running, and sleeping. The specific processing circuits transform the sensor signals to levels suitable for digitization. The Bluetooth 2.4 GHz module links the control module and the T-shirt module by sending this data to a computer or mobile device. The data collecting unit's actions are controlled and coordinated by a microcontroller. At the distant monitoring center, the data is analyzed, and automatic alarms are set up or forwarded to the Internet for remote assistance.
This article examines different physiological parameter assessing systems. In Chapter 2, the different methods of identification are discussed. The comparison of the various approaches is shown in Chapter 3. The study's conclusion is presented in Chapter 4.
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Physiological indicators such as blood sugar level, oxygen level, sugar level, body temperature, and EEG signal are measured via a patient monitoring system that has been proposed in [6]. The system continuously tracks these physical characteristics and compares them to a predefined value. The five parameters that need to be monitored are detected by the appropriate sensor, and information is sent to the ARM processor. If they exceeded a certain threshold,
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